A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks)

Abstract

Agricultural researchers in many countries investigate radiological risks in soil and crops because it concerns human health. In addition, they also study heavy metal pollution in plants in cultivated soil for ecological safety. This study aims to analyze the activity concentrations of radionuclides and heavy metals in soil and corn crops in the Küçük Menderes Basin (Izmir, Turkey) – which is enriched with phosphatic fertilizers. We collected soil and corn samples from the area, and then separately measured concentrations of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) they contain. Activity concentrations of the radionuclides were acquired by radiometric methods (gamma spectroscopy). Heavy metal amounts were calculated using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry). The mean heavy metal concentrations in the soil (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg) were 0.096, 40.26, 26.51, 72.43, 32.24, 7.05 mg kg-1, 158.28 µg kg-1 and in the corn (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg) were 0.01, 1.09, 2.05, 22.00, 0.54, 0.24 mg kg-1, 12.15 µg kg-1. The heavy metal concentrations in soil samples were as follows: Hg

Keywords

• Radioecology
• agronomy
• heavy metals
• soil
• corn

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nurdan Akakçe ^*
0000-0002-3473-1202
Türkiye

Günseli Yaprak This is me
0000-0002-6189-1914
Türkiye

Berkay Camgöz This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 1, 2022

Submission Date

December 7, 2021

Acceptance Date

May 10, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 11 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1120539

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA77PC75FX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Akakçe, N., Yaprak, G., & Camgöz, B. (2022). A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks). Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 11(4), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1120539

AMA

1.Akakçe N, Yaprak G, Camgöz B. A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks). EJSS. 2022;11(4):303-315. doi:10.18393/ejss.1120539

Chicago

Akakçe, Nurdan, Günseli Yaprak, and Berkay Camgöz. 2022. “A Study about Radiation Dosimetry and Heavy Metal Pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-Ecological and Heavy Metal Risks)”. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 11 (4): 303-15. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1120539.

EndNote

Akakçe N, Yaprak G, Camgöz B (October 1, 2022) A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks). Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 11 4 303–315.

IEEE

[1]N. Akakçe, G. Yaprak, and B. Camgöz, “A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks)”, EJSS, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 303–315, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.18393/ejss.1120539.

ISNAD

Akakçe, Nurdan - Yaprak, Günseli - Camgöz, Berkay. “A Study about Radiation Dosimetry and Heavy Metal Pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-Ecological and Heavy Metal Risks)”. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 11/4 (October 1, 2022): 303-315. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1120539.

JAMA

1.Akakçe N, Yaprak G, Camgöz B. A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks). EJSS. 2022;11:303–315.

MLA

Akakçe, Nurdan, et al. “A Study about Radiation Dosimetry and Heavy Metal Pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-Ecological and Heavy Metal Risks)”. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, vol. 11, no. 4, Oct. 2022, pp. 303-15, doi:10.18393/ejss.1120539.

Vancouver

1.Nurdan Akakçe, Günseli Yaprak, Berkay Camgöz. A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks). EJSS. 2022 Oct. 1;11(4):303-15. doi:10.18393/ejss.1120539

Cited By

Radioactivity and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Surface Sediment from the West Aegean Coast

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal

https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2023.2226219

Evaluation of TENORM radionuclides and trace element levels by using seagrass

Journal of Coastal Conservation

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-023-00988-2

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Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1803164

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2. Akakçe, N., 2008. The determination of radioactivity and heavy metal pollutions in Küçük Menderes basin. MSc Thesis. Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 67p. [in Turkish].
3. Al-Hamarneh, I.F., Alkhomashi, N., Almasoud, F.I., 2016. Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the northwestern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 160: 1–7.
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8. Bella, S., Brai, M., Hauser, S., Puccio, P., Rizzo, S., 1997. Natural radioactivity in a volcanic island: Ustica, Southern Italy. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 48(2): 287-293.

9. Bolca, M., Saç, M.M., Cokuysal, B., Karalı, T., Ekdal, E., 2007. Radioactivity in soils and various foodstuffs from the Gediz River Basin of Turkey. Radiation Measurements 42(2): 263-270.
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11. Camelo, L.G.L, de Miguez, S.R., Marbán, L., 1997. Heavy metals input with phosphate fertilizers used in Argentina. Science of the Total Environment 204(3): 245-250.
12. Canbaz Öztürk, B., 2015. Investigation of natural radioactivity levels in West Anatolia granite plutons with multi variate statistical analysis methods. PhD Thesis. Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 129p. [in Turkish].
13. Carnelo, L.G.L., de Miguez, S.R., Marbán, L., 1997. Heavy metals input with phosphate fertilizers used in Argentina. Science of the Total Environment 204(3): 245-250.
14. Cui, Y.J., Zhu, Y.G., Zhai, R.H., Chen, D.Y., Huang, Y.Z., Qiu, Y., Liang, J.Z., 2004. Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China. Environment International 30(6): 785–791.
15. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, 2005. Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/05/20050531-6.htm#:~:text=Y%C3%B6netmelik&text=Madde%201%20%E2%80%94%20Bu%20Y%C3%B6netmeli%C4%9Fin%20amac%C4%B1,uyumlu%20bir%20%C5%9Fekilde%20ortaya%20koymakt%C4%B1r
16. Djuric, G., Popovic, D., Todorovic, D., 1996. Activity variations and concentration factors for natural radionuclides in a “soil-plant-honey” system. Environment International 22: 361-363.
17. Dora, O., Kun, N., Candan, O., 1992. Geotectonic position and metamorphic history of the Menderes massif. Geological Bulletin of Turkey 35(1): 1-14. [in Turkish].
18. dos Santos Amaral, R., de Vasconcelos, W.E., Borges, E., Silveira, S.V., Mazzilli, B.P., 2005. Intake of uranium and radium-226 due to food crops consumption in the phosphate region of Pernambuco – Brazil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 82(3): 383-393.
19. Dowdall, M., Gerland, S., Lind, B., 2003. Gamma-emitting natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in the terrestrial environment of Kongsfjord, Svalbard. Science of The Total Environment 305(1-3): 229-240.
20. EU, 2000. Europe-wide evaluation of existing databases for trace element (heavy metal) and organic matter contents in soils. A Feasibility Study. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/waste/sludge/pdf/heavy_metals_feasibility_study.pdf
21. Florou, H., Kritidis, P., 1992. Gamma radiation measurements and dose rate in the coastal areas of a volcanic island, Aegean Sea, Greece. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45(1-4): 277-279.
22. Gbadamosi, M.R., Afolabi, T.A., Banjoko, O.O., Ogunneye, A.L., Abudu, K.A., Ogunbanjo, O.O., Jegede, D.O., 2018. Spatial distribution and lifetime cancer risk due to naturally occurring radionuclides in soils around tar-sand deposit area of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Chemosphere 193: 1036–1048.
23. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, 2012. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapilmasina Dair Yönetmelik. Turkish Republic Official Letter, Date : 19/12/2012, Number : 28502. [in Turkish]. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121219-10.htm
24. Grytsyuk, N., Arapis, G., Perepelyatnikova, L., Ivanova, T., Vynograds’ka, V., 2006. Heavy metals effects on forage crops yields and estimation of elements accumulation in plants as affected by soil. Science of the Total Environment 354(2): 224–231.
25. Gulan, L., Milenkovic, B., Stajic, J. M., Vuckovic, B., Krstic, D., Zeremski, T., Ninkov, J., 2013. Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts 15(9): 1735-1742.
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