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Estimation and spatial distribution of some soil erodibility parameters in soils of Ilgaz National Park

Yıl 2022, , 1 - 9, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.974219

Öz

The aim of this research was to determine some erodibility factors, aggregate stability, structure stability and crust formation, in soils located at Ilgaz National Park and to generate their spatial distribution maps using fifteen different interpolation models in GIS medium. For this aim, total 151 soil samples were collected from surface (0-20 cm) soil depth. According to analysis results, it was determined that most part of the investigated soils has high erodibility value. In addition, correlation analysis was performed between erodibility factors and some soil physical and chemical properties. According to analysis results, it was found that a significantly positive relationship was found between AS and EC (0.460**) and OM (0.603**) at the 1% importance level whereas, a negative relationship was found between BD (-0.544**) at the 1% importance level. A positive relationship was also found between SSI values and EC (0.418**) and OM (0.565**) at a 1% significance level, and a negative relationship was found at a 1% significance level with BD (-0.542**). Moreover, a positive relationship was found between CF and EC (0.523**), OM (0.894**) and sand (0.345**) at a 1% importance level, and a negative relationship was found at a 1% importance level with clay (-0.376**) and BD (-0.811**).

Kaynakça

  • Alaboz, P., Demir, S., Dengiz, O., 2020. Determination of spatial distribution of soil moisture constant using different interpolation model case study, Isparta Atabey Plain. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 17(3); 432- 444.
  • Anonymous, 2009. Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı Ölçekli Uzun Devreli Gelişme Planı. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü Milli Parklar Dairesi Başkanlığı. [in Turkish].
  • Arslan, H., 2014. Estimation of spatial distrubition of groundwater level and risky areas of seawater intrusion on the coastal region in Çarşamba Plain, Turkey, using different interpolation methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186(8): 5123-5134.
  • Aydın, A., Dengiz, O., 2019. Determination of some pysico-chemical properties of the soils formed under semihumid ecological condition and their classification and mapping in series level. Toprak Su Dergisi 8(2): 68-80. [in Turkish].
  • Barthès, B., Roose, E., 2002. Aggregate stability as an indicator of soil susceptibility to runoff and erosion; validation at several levels. Catena 47: 133-149. Bouyoucos, G.J., 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal 54: 464-465.
  • Breetzke, G.D., Koomen, E., Critchley, W.R.S., 2013. GIS-assisted modelling of soil erosion in a South African catchment: Evaluating the USLE and SLEMSA approach. In: Water resources planning, development and management. Wurbs, R., (Ed.). InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. pp. 53–71.
  • Carlos, A.B., Odette, I.J., 2012. Soil erodibility mapping and its correlation with soil properties in Central Chile. Geoderma 189–190:116–123.
  • Celik, I., 2005. Land-use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil and Tillage Research 83(2): 270-277.
  • Çelik, P., Dengiz, O. 2018. Determination of basic soil properties and nutrient element states of agricultural soils of Akselendi plain and formation of distribution maps. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 5: 9-18. [in Turkish].
  • Celilov, C., Dengiz, O., 2019. Determination of the spatial distribution for erodibility parameters using different interpolation methods: Ilgaz National Park Soils, Turkey. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6(3): 242-256. [in Turkish].
  • Cerdà, A., Doerr, S.H., 2007. Soil wettability, runoff and erodibility of major dry‐Mediterranean land use types on calcareous soils. Hydrological Processes 21(17) 2325-2336.
  • Chan, K.Y., 2001. Soil particulate organic carbon under different land use and management. Soil Use and Management 17(4): 217-221.
  • Darboux, F., Le Bissonnais, Y., 2007. Changes in structural stability with soil surface crusting: consequences for erodibility estimation. European Journal of Soil Science 58(5): 1107-1114.
  • Dengiz, O., 2007. Assessment of soil productivity and erosion status for the Ankara-Sogulca catchment using GIS. International Journal of Soil Science 2 (1): 15-28.
  • Gülser, C., Ekberli, I., Candemir, F., 2016. Spatial variability of soil physical properties in a cultivated field. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 5(3): 192-200. Hillel, D., 1982. Introduction to soil physics. Academic Press, New York, USA. 392p.
  • Igwe, C.A., Obalum, S. E., 2013. Microaggregate stability of tropical soils and its roles on soil erosion hazard prediction. In: Advances in Agrophysical Research, Grundas, S. (Ed.). InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. pp. 175-192.
  • İmamoğlu, A., Dengiz O. 2020. Determination of relationship between situation of soil erosion sensitivity indexes and land use/land cover in two adjacent micro catchments. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 8(1): 53-60. [in Turkish].
  • İmamoğlu, A., Eraslan, S., Coşkun, A., Saygın, F., Dengiz, O., 2018. Soil crust formation depent on different soil characteristics. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi 71: 47-52. [in Turkish].
  • Imani, R., Ghasemien, H., Mirzavand, M., 2014. Determining and mapping soil erodibility factor (Case study: Yamchi watershed in Northwest of Iran). Open Journal of Soil Science 4(5): 168-173.
  • Issa, O.M.,, Cousin, I., Le Bissonnais, Y., Quétin, P., 2004. Dynamic evolution of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a developing crust. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29(9): 1131–1142.
  • Kanar, E., Dengiz, O., 2015. Determination of potential soil erosion using two different parametric models and making of risk maps in Madendere Watershed. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2(2): 123-134. [in Turkish].
  • Kemper, W.D., Rosenau, R.C., 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Methods of soil analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralocigal methods. Klute, A. (Ed.). 2nd Ed., SSSA Book Series No: 5, ASA- SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 425-442.
  • Klute, A., Dirksen, C., 1986. Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods. In: Methods of soil analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralocigal methods. Klute, A. (Ed.). 2nd Ed., SSSA Book Series No: 5, ASA- SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 687-734.
  • Lal, R., Elliot, W., 1994. Erodibility and erosivity. In: Soil erosion research methods. Lal, R., (Ed.). 2nd Edition, St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, pp. 181-210.
  • Le Bissonnais, Y., 1996. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility: I. Theory and methodology. European Journal of Soil Science 47(4): 425–437.
  • Le Bissonnais, Y., Bruand, A., Jamagne, M., 1989. Laboratory experimental study of soil crusting: Relation between aggregate breakdown mechanisms and crust stucture. Catena 16(4-5): 377-392. doi:
  • Leo, W.M., 1963. A rapid method for estimating structural stability of soils. Soil Science 96: 342-346.
  • Li, Z.Y., Fang, H.Y., 2016. Impacts of climate change on water erosion: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 163: 94-117.
  • Mallants, D., Mohanty, B.P., Jacques, D., Feyen, J., 1996. Spatial variability of hydraulic properties in a multi-layered soil profile. Soil Science 161(3): 167-181.
  • Mbagwu, J.S.C., Auerswald, K., 1999. Relationship of percolation stability of soil aggregates to land use, selected properties, structural indices and simulated rainfall erosion. Soil and Tillage Research 50(3-4): 197-206.
  • Neufeldt, H., Resck, D.V., Ayarza, M.A., 2002. Texture and land-use effects on soil organic matter in Cerrado Oxisols, Central Brazil. Geoderma 107(3-4): 151-164.
  • Özdemir, N., Gülser, C., 2017. Clay activity index as an indicator of soil erodibility. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 6(4): 307-311.
  • Özdemir, N., Gülser, C., Ekberli, İ., Özkaptan, S., 2005. Effects of soil conditioners on structural stability of an acid soil. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 36(2): 151-156. [in Turkish].
  • Öztürk, E., Özdemir, N., 2006. Formation, types and preventing of crust in soils. OMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21(2):275-282. [in Turkish].
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Aydoğan, M., Bayraklı, B., Kesim, E., Urla, Ö., Yıldız, H., Ünal, E., 2016. Levels of basic fertility and the spatial distribution of agricultural soils in Central and Eastern Black Sea Region. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 31(1): 136-148. [in Turkish].
  • Pieri, C., 1989. Fertilité des terres de savanes. Bilan de trente ans de recherche et de développement agricoles au Sud du Sahara. Montpellier : CIRAD-IRAT, Paris, France. 444 p. [in French].
  • Saygın, F., Dengiz, O., İç, S., İmamoğlu, A., 2019. Assessment of the relationship between some physico-chemical properties of soil and some erodibility parameters in micro basin scale. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 20(1): 82-91. [in Turkish].
  • Shi, Z.H., Yan, F.L., Li, L., Li, Z.X., Cai, C.F., 2010. Interrill erosion from disturbed and undisturbed samples in relation to topsoil aggregate stability in red soils from subtropical China. Catena 81(3): 240–248.
  • Singer, M.J., Warkentin, B.P., 1996. Soils in an environmental context: an American perspective. Catena 27(3-4): 179-189.
  • Six, J., Elliott, E.T., Paustian, K., 2000. Soil structure and soil organic matter II. A Normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64(3): 1042-1049.
  • Soil Survey Field and Laboratory Methods Manual, 2014. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 51 Version 2. USDA-NRCS. National Soil Survey Center, Kellog Soil Survey Laboratory. Available at [Access date: 12.03.2021]: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1244466.pdf
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1992. Procedures for collecting soil samples and methods of analysis for soil survey. Soil Survey Investigations Reports U.S. Govermentan Print Office, Washington D.C., USA.
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd Edition. Agriculture Handbook Vol. 435. USDA, NRCS. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, USA.
  • Stanchi, S., Falsone, G., Bonifacio, E., 2015. Soil aggregation, erodibility, and erosion rates in mountain soils (NW Alps, Italy). Solid Earth 6: 403–414, 2015.
  • Stanchi, S., Freppaz, M., Godone, D., Zanini, E., 2013. Assessing the susceptibility of alpine soils to erosion using soil physical and site indicators. Soil Use and Management 29(4): 586–596.
  • Ülgen, N., Yurtsever, N., 1995. Türkiye Gübre ve Gübreleme Rehberi (4. Baskı). T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Genel Yayın No: 209, Teknik Yayınlar No: T.66, Ankara. [in Turkish].
  • Van Wambeke, A.R., 2000. The Newhall Simulation Model for estimating soil moisture & temperature regimes. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. Available at [Access date: 12.03.2021]: http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/dgr2/research/nsm/nsmt.pdf
  • Wang, H., Zhang, G.H., Liu, F., Geng, R., Wang, L.J., 2017. Effects of biological crust coverage on soil hydraulic properties for the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrological Processes 31(19): 3396-3406.
  • Wilding, L.P., 1985. Spatial variability: its documentation, accomodation and implication to soil surveys. In: Soil Spatial Variability Proceedings of a Workshop of the ISSS and the SSA, Las Vegas PUDOC, Wageningen. Nielsen, D.R., Bouma, J., (Eds.). 30 November-1 December 1984. pp. 166-187.
  • Wischmeier, W.H., Smith, D.D., 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion loses a guide to conservation planning. United States Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Handbook No:557, Washington, USA. 163p.
  • Yakupoğlu, T., Gundogan, R., Dindaroğlu, T., Kara, Z., 2017. Effects of land conversion from native shrub to pistachio orchard on soil erodibility in an arid region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189: 588.
  • Yıldız, N., Akbulut, Ö., Bircan, H., 1999. İstatistiğe Giriş. Aktif Yayınevi, Erzurum. [in Turkish].
  • Yilmaz, M., Yilmaz, F., Karagul, R., Altun, L., 2008. Changes in erodibility indices and some soil properties according to parent materials and land use regimes in erfelek dam creek watershed (Sinop, Turkey). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17(12): 2083-2090.
Yıl 2022, , 1 - 9, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.974219

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alaboz, P., Demir, S., Dengiz, O., 2020. Determination of spatial distribution of soil moisture constant using different interpolation model case study, Isparta Atabey Plain. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 17(3); 432- 444.
  • Anonymous, 2009. Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı Ölçekli Uzun Devreli Gelişme Planı. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü Milli Parklar Dairesi Başkanlığı. [in Turkish].
  • Arslan, H., 2014. Estimation of spatial distrubition of groundwater level and risky areas of seawater intrusion on the coastal region in Çarşamba Plain, Turkey, using different interpolation methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186(8): 5123-5134.
  • Aydın, A., Dengiz, O., 2019. Determination of some pysico-chemical properties of the soils formed under semihumid ecological condition and their classification and mapping in series level. Toprak Su Dergisi 8(2): 68-80. [in Turkish].
  • Barthès, B., Roose, E., 2002. Aggregate stability as an indicator of soil susceptibility to runoff and erosion; validation at several levels. Catena 47: 133-149. Bouyoucos, G.J., 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal 54: 464-465.
  • Breetzke, G.D., Koomen, E., Critchley, W.R.S., 2013. GIS-assisted modelling of soil erosion in a South African catchment: Evaluating the USLE and SLEMSA approach. In: Water resources planning, development and management. Wurbs, R., (Ed.). InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. pp. 53–71.
  • Carlos, A.B., Odette, I.J., 2012. Soil erodibility mapping and its correlation with soil properties in Central Chile. Geoderma 189–190:116–123.
  • Celik, I., 2005. Land-use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil and Tillage Research 83(2): 270-277.
  • Çelik, P., Dengiz, O. 2018. Determination of basic soil properties and nutrient element states of agricultural soils of Akselendi plain and formation of distribution maps. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 5: 9-18. [in Turkish].
  • Celilov, C., Dengiz, O., 2019. Determination of the spatial distribution for erodibility parameters using different interpolation methods: Ilgaz National Park Soils, Turkey. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6(3): 242-256. [in Turkish].
  • Cerdà, A., Doerr, S.H., 2007. Soil wettability, runoff and erodibility of major dry‐Mediterranean land use types on calcareous soils. Hydrological Processes 21(17) 2325-2336.
  • Chan, K.Y., 2001. Soil particulate organic carbon under different land use and management. Soil Use and Management 17(4): 217-221.
  • Darboux, F., Le Bissonnais, Y., 2007. Changes in structural stability with soil surface crusting: consequences for erodibility estimation. European Journal of Soil Science 58(5): 1107-1114.
  • Dengiz, O., 2007. Assessment of soil productivity and erosion status for the Ankara-Sogulca catchment using GIS. International Journal of Soil Science 2 (1): 15-28.
  • Gülser, C., Ekberli, I., Candemir, F., 2016. Spatial variability of soil physical properties in a cultivated field. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 5(3): 192-200. Hillel, D., 1982. Introduction to soil physics. Academic Press, New York, USA. 392p.
  • Igwe, C.A., Obalum, S. E., 2013. Microaggregate stability of tropical soils and its roles on soil erosion hazard prediction. In: Advances in Agrophysical Research, Grundas, S. (Ed.). InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. pp. 175-192.
  • İmamoğlu, A., Dengiz O. 2020. Determination of relationship between situation of soil erosion sensitivity indexes and land use/land cover in two adjacent micro catchments. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi 8(1): 53-60. [in Turkish].
  • İmamoğlu, A., Eraslan, S., Coşkun, A., Saygın, F., Dengiz, O., 2018. Soil crust formation depent on different soil characteristics. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi 71: 47-52. [in Turkish].
  • Imani, R., Ghasemien, H., Mirzavand, M., 2014. Determining and mapping soil erodibility factor (Case study: Yamchi watershed in Northwest of Iran). Open Journal of Soil Science 4(5): 168-173.
  • Issa, O.M.,, Cousin, I., Le Bissonnais, Y., Quétin, P., 2004. Dynamic evolution of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a developing crust. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29(9): 1131–1142.
  • Kanar, E., Dengiz, O., 2015. Determination of potential soil erosion using two different parametric models and making of risk maps in Madendere Watershed. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2(2): 123-134. [in Turkish].
  • Kemper, W.D., Rosenau, R.C., 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Methods of soil analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralocigal methods. Klute, A. (Ed.). 2nd Ed., SSSA Book Series No: 5, ASA- SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 425-442.
  • Klute, A., Dirksen, C., 1986. Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods. In: Methods of soil analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralocigal methods. Klute, A. (Ed.). 2nd Ed., SSSA Book Series No: 5, ASA- SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 687-734.
  • Lal, R., Elliot, W., 1994. Erodibility and erosivity. In: Soil erosion research methods. Lal, R., (Ed.). 2nd Edition, St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, pp. 181-210.
  • Le Bissonnais, Y., 1996. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility: I. Theory and methodology. European Journal of Soil Science 47(4): 425–437.
  • Le Bissonnais, Y., Bruand, A., Jamagne, M., 1989. Laboratory experimental study of soil crusting: Relation between aggregate breakdown mechanisms and crust stucture. Catena 16(4-5): 377-392. doi:
  • Leo, W.M., 1963. A rapid method for estimating structural stability of soils. Soil Science 96: 342-346.
  • Li, Z.Y., Fang, H.Y., 2016. Impacts of climate change on water erosion: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 163: 94-117.
  • Mallants, D., Mohanty, B.P., Jacques, D., Feyen, J., 1996. Spatial variability of hydraulic properties in a multi-layered soil profile. Soil Science 161(3): 167-181.
  • Mbagwu, J.S.C., Auerswald, K., 1999. Relationship of percolation stability of soil aggregates to land use, selected properties, structural indices and simulated rainfall erosion. Soil and Tillage Research 50(3-4): 197-206.
  • Neufeldt, H., Resck, D.V., Ayarza, M.A., 2002. Texture and land-use effects on soil organic matter in Cerrado Oxisols, Central Brazil. Geoderma 107(3-4): 151-164.
  • Özdemir, N., Gülser, C., 2017. Clay activity index as an indicator of soil erodibility. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 6(4): 307-311.
  • Özdemir, N., Gülser, C., Ekberli, İ., Özkaptan, S., 2005. Effects of soil conditioners on structural stability of an acid soil. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 36(2): 151-156. [in Turkish].
  • Öztürk, E., Özdemir, N., 2006. Formation, types and preventing of crust in soils. OMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21(2):275-282. [in Turkish].
  • Özyazıcı, M.A., Dengiz, O., Aydoğan, M., Bayraklı, B., Kesim, E., Urla, Ö., Yıldız, H., Ünal, E., 2016. Levels of basic fertility and the spatial distribution of agricultural soils in Central and Eastern Black Sea Region. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 31(1): 136-148. [in Turkish].
  • Pieri, C., 1989. Fertilité des terres de savanes. Bilan de trente ans de recherche et de développement agricoles au Sud du Sahara. Montpellier : CIRAD-IRAT, Paris, France. 444 p. [in French].
  • Saygın, F., Dengiz, O., İç, S., İmamoğlu, A., 2019. Assessment of the relationship between some physico-chemical properties of soil and some erodibility parameters in micro basin scale. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 20(1): 82-91. [in Turkish].
  • Shi, Z.H., Yan, F.L., Li, L., Li, Z.X., Cai, C.F., 2010. Interrill erosion from disturbed and undisturbed samples in relation to topsoil aggregate stability in red soils from subtropical China. Catena 81(3): 240–248.
  • Singer, M.J., Warkentin, B.P., 1996. Soils in an environmental context: an American perspective. Catena 27(3-4): 179-189.
  • Six, J., Elliott, E.T., Paustian, K., 2000. Soil structure and soil organic matter II. A Normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64(3): 1042-1049.
  • Soil Survey Field and Laboratory Methods Manual, 2014. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 51 Version 2. USDA-NRCS. National Soil Survey Center, Kellog Soil Survey Laboratory. Available at [Access date: 12.03.2021]: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1244466.pdf
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1992. Procedures for collecting soil samples and methods of analysis for soil survey. Soil Survey Investigations Reports U.S. Govermentan Print Office, Washington D.C., USA.
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd Edition. Agriculture Handbook Vol. 435. USDA, NRCS. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, USA.
  • Stanchi, S., Falsone, G., Bonifacio, E., 2015. Soil aggregation, erodibility, and erosion rates in mountain soils (NW Alps, Italy). Solid Earth 6: 403–414, 2015.
  • Stanchi, S., Freppaz, M., Godone, D., Zanini, E., 2013. Assessing the susceptibility of alpine soils to erosion using soil physical and site indicators. Soil Use and Management 29(4): 586–596.
  • Ülgen, N., Yurtsever, N., 1995. Türkiye Gübre ve Gübreleme Rehberi (4. Baskı). T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Genel Yayın No: 209, Teknik Yayınlar No: T.66, Ankara. [in Turkish].
  • Van Wambeke, A.R., 2000. The Newhall Simulation Model for estimating soil moisture & temperature regimes. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. Available at [Access date: 12.03.2021]: http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/dgr2/research/nsm/nsmt.pdf
  • Wang, H., Zhang, G.H., Liu, F., Geng, R., Wang, L.J., 2017. Effects of biological crust coverage on soil hydraulic properties for the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrological Processes 31(19): 3396-3406.
  • Wilding, L.P., 1985. Spatial variability: its documentation, accomodation and implication to soil surveys. In: Soil Spatial Variability Proceedings of a Workshop of the ISSS and the SSA, Las Vegas PUDOC, Wageningen. Nielsen, D.R., Bouma, J., (Eds.). 30 November-1 December 1984. pp. 166-187.
  • Wischmeier, W.H., Smith, D.D., 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion loses a guide to conservation planning. United States Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Handbook No:557, Washington, USA. 163p.
  • Yakupoğlu, T., Gundogan, R., Dindaroğlu, T., Kara, Z., 2017. Effects of land conversion from native shrub to pistachio orchard on soil erodibility in an arid region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189: 588.
  • Yıldız, N., Akbulut, Ö., Bircan, H., 1999. İstatistiğe Giriş. Aktif Yayınevi, Erzurum. [in Turkish].
  • Yilmaz, M., Yilmaz, F., Karagul, R., Altun, L., 2008. Changes in erodibility indices and some soil properties according to parent materials and land use regimes in erfelek dam creek watershed (Sinop, Turkey). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17(12): 2083-2090.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Orhan Dengiz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0458-6016

Salih Demirkaya Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7374-0160

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Dengiz, O., & Demirkaya, S. (2022). Estimation and spatial distribution of some soil erodibility parameters in soils of Ilgaz National Park. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.974219