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Hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity at unsaturated and saturated conditions as related to water infiltration in soils

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 01.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.621759

Öz

Sorptivity (S) has been defined in terms of the
horizontal infiltration equation. At unsaturated conditions (at a very short
time) S represents “maximum sorption capacity”, but in saturated conditions the
sorption capacity decreases with the time. Over a long time of infiltration,
sorptivity was not studied as a soil water parameter that could be determined.
The
purpose of this study is to apply derived equations depending on the
infiltration functions to predict
(1) soil water sorptivity (S) at infiltration capacity (unsaturated conditions) and
at basic infiltration rate (Ib) (
saturated conditions), (2)
the hydraulic conductivity (Saturated Ks
and unsaturated K)) into
capillary-matrix and non-capillary macro pores of soils.
 Five alluvial (saline and non-saline clay) and
calcareous soil profiles located in the
Nile Delta were
investigated for applying the assumed equations. A decrease in S value was
observed with an increase in soil water content. At steady infiltration rate (Ib),
S decreased from 1.04 to 0.647cm.min-0.5 (i.e. S decreased by
37.79%) in average in calcareous soils and from 0.537 to 0.251cm.min-0.5
(53.25%) in alluvial clay soils. The steady Sw parameter was used in
prediction of the hydraulic conductivities and the basic infiltration rate Ib
, whereas,
Sw is a
suggested term at steady infiltration rate. The calculated values of Ib
were corresponding to those obtained by infiltration experiment. This confirmed
the significance of steady Sw as a new functional infiltration
parameter. A matching factor u was calculated as a ratio between
predicted Ib and the measured saturated hydraulic
conductivity, Ks. The mean values of u were 0.895, 0.685 and 0.360 for
calcareous, clay and saline clay soils respectively. Unsaturated
K) has
been discriminated into saturated macro-pore K
)RDP
and matrix unsaturated K
)h. The
values of
K(θ)RDP
for macro pores remained higher than those for soil matrix pores (K
)h) in the studied soils. The
highest value of K
) was
obvious in calcareous soil profiles, while the lowest value was existed in
saline clay soil.
In
conclusion, the predicted values of hydraulic conductivities of soil matrix
(capillary) and macro (non-capillary) pores were reasonable and existed in the
normal ranges of the investigated soils, indicating that the proposed equations
are applicable and can be recommended to be used in coarse and fine textured
soils with large scale of different properties.

Kaynakça

  • Amer, A.M., 2004. Soil hydro-physics. 2nd part, Agricultural irrigation and drainage. El-Dar Al-Arabia for Publishing, Cairo, Egypt. 438 p. [in Arabic]. Amer, A.M., 2009. Moisture a adsorption capacity and surface area as deduced from vapour pressure isotherms in relation to hygroscopic water of soils. Biologia 64(3): 516-521. Amer, A.M., 2011a. Effects of water infiltration and storage in cultivated soil on surface irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 98(5): 815-822. Amer, A.M., 2011b. Prediction of hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity in soils at steady-state infiltration. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 58(10): 1179-1194. Amer, A.M., 2012. Water flow and conductivity into capillary and non-capillary pores of soils. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 12(1): 99-112. Amer, A.M., Logsdon, S.D., Davis, D., 2009. Prediction of hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soils. Soil Science 174(9): 508- 515.
  • Ankeny, M.D., 1992. Methods and theory for unconfined infiltration measurements. In: Advances in measurement of soil physical properties: Bringing Theory into Practice. Topp, G.C., Reynolds, W.D., Green, R.E. (Eds.). Soil Science Society of America Special Publications No.30. Madison, WI, USA. pp. 123-141.
  • Beven, K., Germann, P., 1982. Macropores and water flow in soils. Water Resource Research 18(5): 1311-1325.
  • Cahoon, J.E., Mandel, P., Eisenhauer D.E., 1995. Management recommendations for sloping blocked-end furrow irrigation. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 11(4): 527-533.
  • Dane, J.H., Topp, G.C., 2002. Methods of soil analysis, Part 4, Physical methods. SSSA Book Series 5.4, Madison, WI, USA. 1692 p.
  • Germann, P.F., 2018. Viscosity—The weak link between Darcy's law and Richards' capillary flow. Hydrological Processes 32(9): 1166-1172.
  • Germann, P.F., Prasuhn, V., 2018. Viscous flow approach to rapid infiltration and drainage in a weighing lysimeter. Vadose Zone Journal 17(1):170020.
  • Ghazy, A.E., 1993. Pore size distribution and moisture behavior in highly calcareous soils. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 22: 57-67.
  • Green, W.H., Ampt, G.A., 1911. Studies on soil physics, Part 1. The flow of air and water through soils. Journal of Agriculture Science 4(1): 1 -24.
  • Hallett, P.D., 2008. A brief overview of the causes, impacts and amelioration of soil water repellency – a review. Soil and Water Research 3(1): S21-S29.
  • Hillel, D., 1980. Fundamentals of soil physics. Academic Press, New York. 413 pp.
  • Hoogmoed, W.B., Bouma, J., 1980. A simulation model for predicting infiltration into cracked clay soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44(3): 458-461.
  • Klute, A., 1986. Methods of soil analysis. 2nd ed. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Klute, A., 1952. A numerical method for solving the flow equation for water in unsaturated materials. Soil Science 73(2): 105–116.
  • Kostiakov, A.N., 1932. On the dynamics of coefficient of water-percolation in soils and on necessity for studying it from a dynamic point of view for purposes of amelioration. Transactions of 6th Committee International Society of Soil Science, Part A, pp 17-21.
  • Marshall, T.J., 1956. Relation between water and soil. Technical Communication No. 50, Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Farenham Royal, Bucks, England.
  • Moldrup, P., Hansen, J.A., Rolston, D. E,, Yamaguchi, T., 1993. Improved simulation of unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity by the moving mean slope approach. Soil Science 155(1) :8–14.
  • Page, A.J., 1982. Methods of soil analysis. 2nd ed. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Parlange, J.Y., Haverkamp, R., Touma, J., 1985. Infiltration under ponded conditions: 1. Optimal analytical solution and comparison with experimental observations. Soil Science 139(4) :305–311.
  • Philip, J.R., 1957. The theory of infiltration: 1. The infiltration equation and its solution. Soil Science 83(5): 345- 358.
  • Philip, J.R., 1969. Theory of infiltration. Advances in Hydroscience 5: 215-296.
  • Reynolds, W.D., Elrick, D.E., Young, E.G., 2002. Single-ring and double-ring or concentric-ring infiltrometers. In: Methods of soil analysis, Part 4, Physical methods. SSSA Book Series 5.4, Madison, WI, USA. pp.821-826.
  • Richards, L.A., 1931. Capillary conduction of liquids in porous mediums. Journal of Applied Physics 1(5): 318 – 333.
  • Sparks, D.L., 1996. Methods of soil analysis, Part 3, Chemical methods. ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Swartzendruber, D., Young, E.G., 1974. A comparison of physically-based infiltration equation. Soil Science 117(3):165–167.
  • Valiantzas, J.D., Pollalis, E.D., Soulis, K.X., Londra, P.A., 2009. Modified form of the extended Kostiakov equation including various initial and boundary conditions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 135(4): 450-458.
  • Weiler, M., 2017. Macro-pores and preferential flow – a love-hate relationship. Hydrological Processes 31(1): 15-19.
  • Wu, I.P., 1971. Overland flow hydrograph analysis to determine infiltration function. Transactions of the ASAE 14(2): 294-300.
  • Zhang, R., 1997. Determination of soil sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity from the disk infiltometer. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61(4): 1024-1030.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 01.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.621759

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Amer, A.M., 2004. Soil hydro-physics. 2nd part, Agricultural irrigation and drainage. El-Dar Al-Arabia for Publishing, Cairo, Egypt. 438 p. [in Arabic]. Amer, A.M., 2009. Moisture a adsorption capacity and surface area as deduced from vapour pressure isotherms in relation to hygroscopic water of soils. Biologia 64(3): 516-521. Amer, A.M., 2011a. Effects of water infiltration and storage in cultivated soil on surface irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 98(5): 815-822. Amer, A.M., 2011b. Prediction of hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity in soils at steady-state infiltration. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 58(10): 1179-1194. Amer, A.M., 2012. Water flow and conductivity into capillary and non-capillary pores of soils. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 12(1): 99-112. Amer, A.M., Logsdon, S.D., Davis, D., 2009. Prediction of hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soils. Soil Science 174(9): 508- 515.
  • Ankeny, M.D., 1992. Methods and theory for unconfined infiltration measurements. In: Advances in measurement of soil physical properties: Bringing Theory into Practice. Topp, G.C., Reynolds, W.D., Green, R.E. (Eds.). Soil Science Society of America Special Publications No.30. Madison, WI, USA. pp. 123-141.
  • Beven, K., Germann, P., 1982. Macropores and water flow in soils. Water Resource Research 18(5): 1311-1325.
  • Cahoon, J.E., Mandel, P., Eisenhauer D.E., 1995. Management recommendations for sloping blocked-end furrow irrigation. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 11(4): 527-533.
  • Dane, J.H., Topp, G.C., 2002. Methods of soil analysis, Part 4, Physical methods. SSSA Book Series 5.4, Madison, WI, USA. 1692 p.
  • Germann, P.F., 2018. Viscosity—The weak link between Darcy's law and Richards' capillary flow. Hydrological Processes 32(9): 1166-1172.
  • Germann, P.F., Prasuhn, V., 2018. Viscous flow approach to rapid infiltration and drainage in a weighing lysimeter. Vadose Zone Journal 17(1):170020.
  • Ghazy, A.E., 1993. Pore size distribution and moisture behavior in highly calcareous soils. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 22: 57-67.
  • Green, W.H., Ampt, G.A., 1911. Studies on soil physics, Part 1. The flow of air and water through soils. Journal of Agriculture Science 4(1): 1 -24.
  • Hallett, P.D., 2008. A brief overview of the causes, impacts and amelioration of soil water repellency – a review. Soil and Water Research 3(1): S21-S29.
  • Hillel, D., 1980. Fundamentals of soil physics. Academic Press, New York. 413 pp.
  • Hoogmoed, W.B., Bouma, J., 1980. A simulation model for predicting infiltration into cracked clay soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44(3): 458-461.
  • Klute, A., 1986. Methods of soil analysis. 2nd ed. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Klute, A., 1952. A numerical method for solving the flow equation for water in unsaturated materials. Soil Science 73(2): 105–116.
  • Kostiakov, A.N., 1932. On the dynamics of coefficient of water-percolation in soils and on necessity for studying it from a dynamic point of view for purposes of amelioration. Transactions of 6th Committee International Society of Soil Science, Part A, pp 17-21.
  • Marshall, T.J., 1956. Relation between water and soil. Technical Communication No. 50, Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Farenham Royal, Bucks, England.
  • Moldrup, P., Hansen, J.A., Rolston, D. E,, Yamaguchi, T., 1993. Improved simulation of unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity by the moving mean slope approach. Soil Science 155(1) :8–14.
  • Page, A.J., 1982. Methods of soil analysis. 2nd ed. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Parlange, J.Y., Haverkamp, R., Touma, J., 1985. Infiltration under ponded conditions: 1. Optimal analytical solution and comparison with experimental observations. Soil Science 139(4) :305–311.
  • Philip, J.R., 1957. The theory of infiltration: 1. The infiltration equation and its solution. Soil Science 83(5): 345- 358.
  • Philip, J.R., 1969. Theory of infiltration. Advances in Hydroscience 5: 215-296.
  • Reynolds, W.D., Elrick, D.E., Young, E.G., 2002. Single-ring and double-ring or concentric-ring infiltrometers. In: Methods of soil analysis, Part 4, Physical methods. SSSA Book Series 5.4, Madison, WI, USA. pp.821-826.
  • Richards, L.A., 1931. Capillary conduction of liquids in porous mediums. Journal of Applied Physics 1(5): 318 – 333.
  • Sparks, D.L., 1996. Methods of soil analysis, Part 3, Chemical methods. ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Swartzendruber, D., Young, E.G., 1974. A comparison of physically-based infiltration equation. Soil Science 117(3):165–167.
  • Valiantzas, J.D., Pollalis, E.D., Soulis, K.X., Londra, P.A., 2009. Modified form of the extended Kostiakov equation including various initial and boundary conditions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 135(4): 450-458.
  • Weiler, M., 2017. Macro-pores and preferential flow – a love-hate relationship. Hydrological Processes 31(1): 15-19.
  • Wu, I.P., 1971. Overland flow hydrograph analysis to determine infiltration function. Transactions of the ASAE 14(2): 294-300.
  • Zhang, R., 1997. Determination of soil sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity from the disk infiltometer. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61(4): 1024-1030.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Abdelmonem Mohamed Ahmed Amer

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Amer, A. M. A. (2020). Hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity at unsaturated and saturated conditions as related to water infiltration in soils. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 9(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.621759