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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 303 - 315, 01.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1120539

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abbady, A.G., Uosif, M.A.M., El-Taher, A., 2005. Natural radioactivity and dose assessment for phosphate rocks from Wadi El-Mashash and El-Mahamid Mines, Egypt. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 84(1): 65-78.
  • Akakçe, N., 2008. The determination of radioactivity and heavy metal pollutions in Küçük Menderes basin. MSc Thesis. Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 67p. [in Turkish].
  • Al-Hamarneh, I.F., Alkhomashi, N., Almasoud, F.I., 2016. Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the northwestern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 160: 1–7.
  • Alharbi, A., El-Taher, A., 2013. A study on transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to plant. Life Science Journal 10(2): 532–539.
  • Ali, J., Khan, S., Khan, A., Waqas, M., Nasir, M.J., 2020. Contamination of soil with potentially toxic metals and their bioaccumulation in wheat and associated health risk. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192: 138.
  • Anagnostakis, M.J., Hinis, E.P., Simopoulos, S.E., Angelopoulos, M.G., 1996. Natural radioactivity mapping of Greek surface soils. Environment International 22: 3-8.
  • Baeza, A., Paniagua, J., Rufo, M., Barandica, J., 1996. Bio-availability and transfer of natural radionuclides in a mediterranean ecosystem. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 47(9-10): 939-945.
  • Bella, S., Brai, M., Hauser, S., Puccio, P., Rizzo, S., 1997. Natural radioactivity in a volcanic island: Ustica, Southern Italy. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 48(2): 287-293.
  • Bolca, M., Saç, M.M., Cokuysal, B., Karalı, T., Ekdal, E., 2007. Radioactivity in soils and various foodstuffs from the Gediz River Basin of Turkey. Radiation Measurements 42(2): 263-270.
  • Camgöz, Y., Yaprak, G., 2009. Determination natural radioactivity levels agricultural soils Küçük Menderes Basin. Ekoloji 18(70): 74-80. [in Turkish].
  • Camelo, L.G.L, de Miguez, S.R., Marbán, L., 1997. Heavy metals input with phosphate fertilizers used in Argentina. Science of the Total Environment 204(3): 245-250.
  • Canbaz Öztürk, B., 2015. Investigation of natural radioactivity levels in West Anatolia granite plutons with multi variate statistical analysis methods. PhD Thesis. Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 129p. [in Turkish].
  • Carnelo, L.G.L., de Miguez, S.R., Marbán, L., 1997. Heavy metals input with phosphate fertilizers used in Argentina. Science of the Total Environment 204(3): 245-250.
  • Cui, Y.J., Zhu, Y.G., Zhai, R.H., Chen, D.Y., Huang, Y.Z., Qiu, Y., Liang, J.Z., 2004. Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China. Environment International 30(6): 785–791.
  • Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, 2005. Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/05/20050531-6.htm#:~:text=Y%C3%B6netmelik&text=Madde%201%20%E2%80%94%20Bu%20Y%C3%B6netmeli%C4%9Fin%20amac%C4%B1,uyumlu%20bir%20%C5%9Fekilde%20ortaya%20koymakt%C4%B1r
  • Djuric, G., Popovic, D., Todorovic, D., 1996. Activity variations and concentration factors for natural radionuclides in a “soil-plant-honey” system. Environment International 22: 361-363.
  • Dora, O., Kun, N., Candan, O., 1992. Geotectonic position and metamorphic history of the Menderes massif. Geological Bulletin of Turkey 35(1): 1-14. [in Turkish].
  • dos Santos Amaral, R., de Vasconcelos, W.E., Borges, E., Silveira, S.V., Mazzilli, B.P., 2005. Intake of uranium and radium-226 due to food crops consumption in the phosphate region of Pernambuco – Brazil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 82(3): 383-393.
  • Dowdall, M., Gerland, S., Lind, B., 2003. Gamma-emitting natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in the terrestrial environment of Kongsfjord, Svalbard. Science of The Total Environment 305(1-3): 229-240.
  • EU, 2000. Europe-wide evaluation of existing databases for trace element (heavy metal) and organic matter contents in soils. A Feasibility Study. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/waste/sludge/pdf/heavy_metals_feasibility_study.pdf
  • Florou, H., Kritidis, P., 1992. Gamma radiation measurements and dose rate in the coastal areas of a volcanic island, Aegean Sea, Greece. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45(1-4): 277-279.
  • Gbadamosi, M.R., Afolabi, T.A., Banjoko, O.O., Ogunneye, A.L., Abudu, K.A., Ogunbanjo, O.O., Jegede, D.O., 2018. Spatial distribution and lifetime cancer risk due to naturally occurring radionuclides in soils around tar-sand deposit area of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Chemosphere 193: 1036–1048.
  • Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, 2012. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapilmasina Dair Yönetmelik. Turkish Republic Official Letter, Date : 19/12/2012, Number : 28502. [in Turkish]. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121219-10.htm
  • Grytsyuk, N., Arapis, G., Perepelyatnikova, L., Ivanova, T., Vynograds’ka, V., 2006. Heavy metals effects on forage crops yields and estimation of elements accumulation in plants as affected by soil. Science of the Total Environment 354(2): 224–231.
  • Gulan, L., Milenkovic, B., Stajic, J. M., Vuckovic, B., Krstic, D., Zeremski, T., Ninkov, J., 2013. Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts 15(9): 1735-1742.
  • IAEA, 2003 Guidelines for radioelement mapping using gamma ray spectrometry data. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria. 173p. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/te_1363_web.pdf
  • IAEA Report TRS 472, 2011. Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/trs472_web.pdf
  • Jakovljevic, M.D. , Kostic, N.M. , Stevanovic D., Blagojevic, S., 1997. Factors influencing the distribution of heavy metals in the alluvial soils of the Velika Morava River valley, Serbia. Applied Geochemistry, 12(5): 637-642.
  • Jibiri, N.N., Farai, I.P., Alausa, S.K., 2007. Estimation of annual effective dose due to natural radioactive elements in ingestion of foodstuffs in tin mining area of Jos-Plateau, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 94(1): 31-40.
  • Jiang, H.H., Cai, L.M., Wen, H.H., Hu, G.C., Chen, L.G., Luo, J., 2020. An integrated approach to quantifying ecological and human health risks from different sources of soil heavy metals. Science of the Total Environment 701: 134466.
  • Lavado, R.S., Porcelli, C.A., Alvarez, R., 2001. Nutrient and heavy metal concentration and distribution in corn, soybean and wheat as affected by different tillage systems in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research 62(1-2): 55-60.
  • Liu, W.H., Zhao, J.Z., Ouyang, Z.Y., Soderlund, L., Liu, G.H., 2005. Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China. Environment International 31(6): 805–812.
  • Kapdan, E., Altinsoy, N., Karahan, G.,Yuksel, A., 2018. Outdoor radioactivity and health risk assessment for capital city Ankara, Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 318(2): 1033–1042.
  • Epik, Ö., 2005. The migration of 137Cs in soils of forest ecosystem and deposition in mushrooms. PhD Thesis. Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 177p. [in Turkish].
  • Kelepertzis, E., 2014. Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Mediterranean: Insights from Argolida basin, Peloponnese, Greece. Geoderma 221–222: 82–90.
  • Khan, S., Rehman, S., Khan, A.Z., Khan, M.A., Shah, M.T., 2010. Soil and vegetables enrichment with heavy metals from geological sources in Gilgit, northern Pakistan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73(7): 1820–1827.
  • Khalf, Y.S., Mohammad, K.K., 2021. Measurement of natural radioactivity level in selected phosphate fertilizer samples collected from Iraqi Markets. Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 24(3): 43-49.
  • Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.H., Kunhikrishnan, A., Kang, D.W., Kim, M.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, W.I., 2012. Transfer factor of heavy metals from agricultural soil to agricultural products. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 31(4): 300-307.
  • Kleinschmidt, R., 2017. Reference natural radionuclide concentrations in Australian soils and derived terrestrial air kerma rate. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 172: 160–162.
  • Kuo, Y.C., Lai, S.Y., Huang, C.C., Lin, Y.M., 1997. Activity concentrations and population dose from radium-226 in food and drinking water in Taiwan. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 48(9): 1245-1249.
  • Marrugo-Negrete, J., Pinedo-Hernández, J., Díez, S., 2017. Assessment of heavy metal pollution, spatial distribution and origin in agricultural soils along the Sinú River Basin, Colombia. Environmental Research 154: 380–388.
  • McAulay, I.R., Morgan, D., 1988. Natural radioactivity in soil in the Republic of Ireland. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 24(1-4): 47-49.
  • Mukhopadhyay, S., Chakraborty, S., Bhadoria, P.B.S., Li, B., Weindorf, D.C., 2020. Assessment of heavy metal and soil organic carbon by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and NixPro™ sensor in landfill soils of India. Geoderma Regional 20: e00249.
  • Ogunkunle, C.O., Fatoba, P.O., 2013. Pollution loads and the ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals around a mega cement factory in southwest Nigeria. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 22(2): 487–493.
  • Probonas, M., Kritidis, P., 1993. The exposure of the Greek population to natural gamma radiation of terrestrial origin. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 46(2): 123-126.
  • Quindos, L.S., Fernandez, P.L., Soto, J., Rodenas, C., Gomez, J., 1994. Natural radioactivity in Spanish soils. Health Physics 66(2): 194-200.
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A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 303 - 315, 01.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1120539

Öz

Agricultural researchers in many countries investigate radiological risks in soil and crops because it concerns human health. In addition, they also study heavy metal pollution in plants in cultivated soil for ecological safety. This study aims to analyze the activity concentrations of radionuclides and heavy metals in soil and corn crops in the Küçük Menderes Basin (Izmir, Turkey) – which is enriched with phosphatic fertilizers. We collected soil and corn samples from the area, and then separately measured concentrations of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) they contain. Activity concentrations of the radionuclides were acquired by radiometric methods (gamma spectroscopy). Heavy metal amounts were calculated using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry). The mean heavy metal concentrations in the soil (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg) were 0.096, 40.26, 26.51, 72.43, 32.24, 7.05 mg kg-1, 158.28 µg kg-1 and in the corn (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Hg) were 0.01, 1.09, 2.05, 22.00, 0.54, 0.24 mg kg-1, 12.15 µg kg-1. The heavy metal concentrations in soil samples were as follows: Hg

Kaynakça

  • Abbady, A.G., Uosif, M.A.M., El-Taher, A., 2005. Natural radioactivity and dose assessment for phosphate rocks from Wadi El-Mashash and El-Mahamid Mines, Egypt. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 84(1): 65-78.
  • Akakçe, N., 2008. The determination of radioactivity and heavy metal pollutions in Küçük Menderes basin. MSc Thesis. Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 67p. [in Turkish].
  • Al-Hamarneh, I.F., Alkhomashi, N., Almasoud, F.I., 2016. Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the northwestern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 160: 1–7.
  • Alharbi, A., El-Taher, A., 2013. A study on transfer factors of radionuclides from soil to plant. Life Science Journal 10(2): 532–539.
  • Ali, J., Khan, S., Khan, A., Waqas, M., Nasir, M.J., 2020. Contamination of soil with potentially toxic metals and their bioaccumulation in wheat and associated health risk. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192: 138.
  • Anagnostakis, M.J., Hinis, E.P., Simopoulos, S.E., Angelopoulos, M.G., 1996. Natural radioactivity mapping of Greek surface soils. Environment International 22: 3-8.
  • Baeza, A., Paniagua, J., Rufo, M., Barandica, J., 1996. Bio-availability and transfer of natural radionuclides in a mediterranean ecosystem. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 47(9-10): 939-945.
  • Bella, S., Brai, M., Hauser, S., Puccio, P., Rizzo, S., 1997. Natural radioactivity in a volcanic island: Ustica, Southern Italy. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 48(2): 287-293.
  • Bolca, M., Saç, M.M., Cokuysal, B., Karalı, T., Ekdal, E., 2007. Radioactivity in soils and various foodstuffs from the Gediz River Basin of Turkey. Radiation Measurements 42(2): 263-270.
  • Camgöz, Y., Yaprak, G., 2009. Determination natural radioactivity levels agricultural soils Küçük Menderes Basin. Ekoloji 18(70): 74-80. [in Turkish].
  • Camelo, L.G.L, de Miguez, S.R., Marbán, L., 1997. Heavy metals input with phosphate fertilizers used in Argentina. Science of the Total Environment 204(3): 245-250.
  • Canbaz Öztürk, B., 2015. Investigation of natural radioactivity levels in West Anatolia granite plutons with multi variate statistical analysis methods. PhD Thesis. Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 129p. [in Turkish].
  • Carnelo, L.G.L., de Miguez, S.R., Marbán, L., 1997. Heavy metals input with phosphate fertilizers used in Argentina. Science of the Total Environment 204(3): 245-250.
  • Cui, Y.J., Zhu, Y.G., Zhai, R.H., Chen, D.Y., Huang, Y.Z., Qiu, Y., Liang, J.Z., 2004. Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China. Environment International 30(6): 785–791.
  • Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, 2005. Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/05/20050531-6.htm#:~:text=Y%C3%B6netmelik&text=Madde%201%20%E2%80%94%20Bu%20Y%C3%B6netmeli%C4%9Fin%20amac%C4%B1,uyumlu%20bir%20%C5%9Fekilde%20ortaya%20koymakt%C4%B1r
  • Djuric, G., Popovic, D., Todorovic, D., 1996. Activity variations and concentration factors for natural radionuclides in a “soil-plant-honey” system. Environment International 22: 361-363.
  • Dora, O., Kun, N., Candan, O., 1992. Geotectonic position and metamorphic history of the Menderes massif. Geological Bulletin of Turkey 35(1): 1-14. [in Turkish].
  • dos Santos Amaral, R., de Vasconcelos, W.E., Borges, E., Silveira, S.V., Mazzilli, B.P., 2005. Intake of uranium and radium-226 due to food crops consumption in the phosphate region of Pernambuco – Brazil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 82(3): 383-393.
  • Dowdall, M., Gerland, S., Lind, B., 2003. Gamma-emitting natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in the terrestrial environment of Kongsfjord, Svalbard. Science of The Total Environment 305(1-3): 229-240.
  • EU, 2000. Europe-wide evaluation of existing databases for trace element (heavy metal) and organic matter contents in soils. A Feasibility Study. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/waste/sludge/pdf/heavy_metals_feasibility_study.pdf
  • Florou, H., Kritidis, P., 1992. Gamma radiation measurements and dose rate in the coastal areas of a volcanic island, Aegean Sea, Greece. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45(1-4): 277-279.
  • Gbadamosi, M.R., Afolabi, T.A., Banjoko, O.O., Ogunneye, A.L., Abudu, K.A., Ogunbanjo, O.O., Jegede, D.O., 2018. Spatial distribution and lifetime cancer risk due to naturally occurring radionuclides in soils around tar-sand deposit area of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Chemosphere 193: 1036–1048.
  • Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, 2012. Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapilmasina Dair Yönetmelik. Turkish Republic Official Letter, Date : 19/12/2012, Number : 28502. [in Turkish]. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121219-10.htm
  • Grytsyuk, N., Arapis, G., Perepelyatnikova, L., Ivanova, T., Vynograds’ka, V., 2006. Heavy metals effects on forage crops yields and estimation of elements accumulation in plants as affected by soil. Science of the Total Environment 354(2): 224–231.
  • Gulan, L., Milenkovic, B., Stajic, J. M., Vuckovic, B., Krstic, D., Zeremski, T., Ninkov, J., 2013. Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts 15(9): 1735-1742.
  • IAEA, 2003 Guidelines for radioelement mapping using gamma ray spectrometry data. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria. 173p. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/te_1363_web.pdf
  • IAEA Report TRS 472, 2011. Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/trs472_web.pdf
  • Jakovljevic, M.D. , Kostic, N.M. , Stevanovic D., Blagojevic, S., 1997. Factors influencing the distribution of heavy metals in the alluvial soils of the Velika Morava River valley, Serbia. Applied Geochemistry, 12(5): 637-642.
  • Jibiri, N.N., Farai, I.P., Alausa, S.K., 2007. Estimation of annual effective dose due to natural radioactive elements in ingestion of foodstuffs in tin mining area of Jos-Plateau, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 94(1): 31-40.
  • Jiang, H.H., Cai, L.M., Wen, H.H., Hu, G.C., Chen, L.G., Luo, J., 2020. An integrated approach to quantifying ecological and human health risks from different sources of soil heavy metals. Science of the Total Environment 701: 134466.
  • Lavado, R.S., Porcelli, C.A., Alvarez, R., 2001. Nutrient and heavy metal concentration and distribution in corn, soybean and wheat as affected by different tillage systems in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research 62(1-2): 55-60.
  • Liu, W.H., Zhao, J.Z., Ouyang, Z.Y., Soderlund, L., Liu, G.H., 2005. Impacts of sewage irrigation on heavy metal distribution and contamination in Beijing, China. Environment International 31(6): 805–812.
  • Kapdan, E., Altinsoy, N., Karahan, G.,Yuksel, A., 2018. Outdoor radioactivity and health risk assessment for capital city Ankara, Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 318(2): 1033–1042.
  • Epik, Ö., 2005. The migration of 137Cs in soils of forest ecosystem and deposition in mushrooms. PhD Thesis. Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey. 177p. [in Turkish].
  • Kelepertzis, E., 2014. Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Mediterranean: Insights from Argolida basin, Peloponnese, Greece. Geoderma 221–222: 82–90.
  • Khan, S., Rehman, S., Khan, A.Z., Khan, M.A., Shah, M.T., 2010. Soil and vegetables enrichment with heavy metals from geological sources in Gilgit, northern Pakistan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73(7): 1820–1827.
  • Khalf, Y.S., Mohammad, K.K., 2021. Measurement of natural radioactivity level in selected phosphate fertilizer samples collected from Iraqi Markets. Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 24(3): 43-49.
  • Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.H., Kunhikrishnan, A., Kang, D.W., Kim, M.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, W.I., 2012. Transfer factor of heavy metals from agricultural soil to agricultural products. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 31(4): 300-307.
  • Kleinschmidt, R., 2017. Reference natural radionuclide concentrations in Australian soils and derived terrestrial air kerma rate. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 172: 160–162.
  • Kuo, Y.C., Lai, S.Y., Huang, C.C., Lin, Y.M., 1997. Activity concentrations and population dose from radium-226 in food and drinking water in Taiwan. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 48(9): 1245-1249.
  • Marrugo-Negrete, J., Pinedo-Hernández, J., Díez, S., 2017. Assessment of heavy metal pollution, spatial distribution and origin in agricultural soils along the Sinú River Basin, Colombia. Environmental Research 154: 380–388.
  • McAulay, I.R., Morgan, D., 1988. Natural radioactivity in soil in the Republic of Ireland. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 24(1-4): 47-49.
  • Mukhopadhyay, S., Chakraborty, S., Bhadoria, P.B.S., Li, B., Weindorf, D.C., 2020. Assessment of heavy metal and soil organic carbon by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and NixPro™ sensor in landfill soils of India. Geoderma Regional 20: e00249.
  • Ogunkunle, C.O., Fatoba, P.O., 2013. Pollution loads and the ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metals around a mega cement factory in southwest Nigeria. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 22(2): 487–493.
  • Probonas, M., Kritidis, P., 1993. The exposure of the Greek population to natural gamma radiation of terrestrial origin. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 46(2): 123-126.
  • Quindos, L.S., Fernandez, P.L., Soto, J., Rodenas, C., Gomez, J., 1994. Natural radioactivity in Spanish soils. Health Physics 66(2): 194-200.
  • Rahman, S.H., Khanam, D., Adyel, T.M., Islam, M.S., Ahsan, M.A., Akbor, M.A., 2012. Assessment of heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil around Dhaka export processing zone (DEPZ), Bangladesh: Implication of seasonal variation and indices. Applied Sciences 2(3): 584–601.
  • Ridha, A.A., Mutter, M.M., Salim, M.D., 2015. Natural radioactivity of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 in surface soil of Baghdad, Nahrain and Al-Mustansiriyah university in Iraq. Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia 27(2): 7–15.
  • Sallam, A.S., Ebaid, Y.Y., Khater, A.E.M., 2021. Natural radionuclides in cultivated and virgin soil of the same origin using nai gamma-ray spectrometer and the potential phosphate fertilizers impacts. Journal of Radiation and Nuclear Applications 6(1): 21- 29.
  • Scheibel, V., Appoloni, C.R., 2007. Radioactive trace measurements of some exported foods from the South of Brazil. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 20(7): 650-653.
  • Sungur, A., Soylak, M., Ozcan, H., 2014. Investigation of heavy metal mobility and availability by the BCR sequential extraction procedure: relationship between soil properties and heavy metals availability. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability 26(4): 219–230.
  • Taşkaya, B., 2004. Tarım ve Çevre. TEAE–Bakış 5(1): 11-15. [in Turkish].
  • Tepanosyan, G., Sahakyan, L., Belyaeva, O., Asmaryan, S., Saghatelyan, A., 2018. Continuous impact of mining activities on soil heavy metals levels and human health. Science of the Total Environment 639: 900–909.
  • Tiwari, K.K., Singh, N.K., Patel, M.P., Tiwari, M.R., Rai, U.N., 2011. Metal contamination of soil and translocation in vegetables growing under industrial wastewater irrigated agricultural field of Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 74(6): 1670–1677.
  • Tome, V.F., Rodríguez, B.M.P., Lozano, J.C., 2003. Soil-to-plant transfer factors for natural radionuclides and stable elements in a Mediterranean area. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 65(2): 161–175.
  • Tóth, G., Hermann, T., Szatmári, G., Pásztor, L., 2016. Maps of heavy metals in the soils of the European Union and proposed priority areas for detailed assessment. Science of the Total Environment 565: 1054–1062.
  • UNSCEAR, 1988. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 1988 Report to the General Assembly, with annexes. 647p. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.unscear.org/docs/publications/1988/UNSCEAR_1988_Report.pdf
  • UNSCEAR, 1993. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 1993 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes.. 922p. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.unscear.org/docs/publications/1993/UNSCEAR_1993_Report.pdf
  • UNSCEAR, 2000a. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. Vol. I: Sources. 654p. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.unscear.org/docs/publications/2000/UNSCEAR_2000_Report_Vol.I.pdf
  • UNSCEAR, 2000b. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. Vol. II: Effects. 566p. Available at [access date: 07.12.2021]: https://www.unscear.org/docs/publications/2000/UNSCEAR_2000_Report_Vol.II.pdf
  • Usherwood, N.R., 1985. The role of potassium in crop quality. In: Potassium in Agriculture. Munson, R.D. (Ed.). American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 489–513.
  • Vandenhove, H., Olyslaegers, G., Sanzharova, N., Shubina, O., Reed, E., Shang, Z., Velasco, H., 2009. Proposal for new best estimates of the soil-to-plant transfer factor of U, Th, Ra, Pb and Po. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 100(9): 721–732.
  • Vongdala, N., Tran, H.D., Xuan, T.D., Teschke, R., Khanh, T.D., 2019. Heavy metal accumulation in water, soil, and plants of municipal solid waste landfill in Vientiane, Laos. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(1): 1–13.
  • Yadav, P., Garg, V.K., Singh, B, Pulhani, V, Mor, S., 2017. Transfer factors and effective dose evaluation due to natural radioactivity in staple food grains from the vicinity of proposed nuclear power plant. Exposure and Health 10: 27-39.
  • Yaprak, G., Çam, N., Yener, G., 1998. Determination of uranium in plants from high background area by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 238(1-2): 167-174.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Nurdan Akakçe Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3473-1202

Günseli Yaprak Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6189-1914

Berkay Camgöz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Akakçe, N., Yaprak, G., & Camgöz, B. (2022). A study about radiation dosimetry and heavy metal pollution in the Küçük Menderes Basin, Turkey (Radio-ecological and Heavy Metal Risks). Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 11(4), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1120539