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Assessment of land use land cover dynamics and its impact on springs water in Ritung Khola Sub-Watershed, Myagdi district, Nepal

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 190 - 204, 01.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1244373

Öz

Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Change has emerged as a significant environmental issue and a worry for the sustainable use of natural resources. This study was performed to determine the rate in change of land cover and its significant impact on springs water in the Ritung Khola sub-watershed of Myagdi district, Nepal, between 2010 and 2020. This study analyzes LULC dynamics and it’s impact on springs water using satellite imageries (Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS) and focus group discussions with the inhabitants. We used Supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification algorithm to classify attributes of the LULC changes. The results demonstrated a significant change in LULC during those ten years (2010-2020). The area covered by agricultural land and human settlements significantly increased by 313.54% and 367.14%, respectively. On the contrary, barren land, water bodies and forest cover have been reduced by 37.52%, 13.16% and 5.26%, respectively. The number of active springs followed decreasing trend as many of them were completely displaced or dried due to erosions and frequent landslides. The findings from this study are expected to facilitate the planning process adopted to prevent springs under the threat of extension and mitigate the water scarcity problem.

Kaynakça

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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 190 - 204, 01.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1244373

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdullah, A.Y.M., Masrur, A., Adnan, M.S.G., Baky, M.A.A., Hassan, Q.K., Dewan, A., 2019. Spatio-temporal patterns of land use/land cover change in the heterogeneous coastal region of Bangladesh between 1990 and 2017. Remote Sensing 11(7): 790.
  • Adhikari, N., Pant, R.R., Rimal, B., Rai, R., 2018. Land use and land cover change in Western Nepal: A case from Phewa Watershed-Pokhara, Nepal. Himalayan Scientific Journal 9: 33-42.
  • Adhikari, S., Gurung, A., Chauhan, R., Rijal, D., Dongol, B.S., Aryal, D., Talchabhadel, R., 2021. Status of springs in mountain watershed of western Nepal. Water Policy 23(1): 142-156.
  • Agaton, M., Setiawan, Y., Effendi, H., 2016. Land use/land cover change detection in an urban watershed: a case study of upper Citarum Watershed, West Java Province, Indonesia. Procedia Environmental Sciences 33: 654-660.
  • Alajlan, N., Bazi, Y., Melgani, F., Yager, R.R., 2012. Fusion of supervised and unsupervised learning for improved classification of hyperspectral images. Information Sciences 217: 39-55.
  • Attri, P., Chaudhry, S., Sharma, S., 2015. Remote sensing & GIS-based approaches for LULC change detection–a review. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 5: 3126–3137.
  • Baghdadi, N., Zribi, M., 2016. Land surface remote sensing in urban and coastal areas. London: ISTE Press Ltd.
  • Baral, P., Wen, Y., Urriola, N.N., 2018. Forest cover changes and trajectories in a typical middle mountain watershed of western Nepal. Land 7(2): 72.
  • Barquín, J., Scarsbrook, M., 2008. Management and conservation strategies for coldwater springs. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18(5): 580-591.
  • Bekele, D., Alamirew, T., Kebede, A., Zeleke, G., Melesse, A.M., 2019. Land use and land cover dynamics in the Keleta watershed, Awash River basin, Ethiopia. Environmental Hazards 18(3): 246-265.
  • Bharatkar, P.S., Patel, R., 2013. Approach to accuracy assessment tor RS image classification techniques. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 4(12): 79–86.
  • Bhat, S.U., Mushtaq, S., Qayoom, U., Sabha, I., 2020. Water quality scenario of Kashmir Himalayan Springs—A case study of Baramulla District, Kashmir Valley. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231(9): 1-17.
  • Bufebo, B., Elias, E., 2021. Land use/land cover change and its driving forces in Shenkolla watershed, south Central Ethiopia. The Scientific World Journal Article ID 9470918.
  • Cai, G., Ren, H., Yang, L., Zhang, N., Du, M., Wu, C., 2019. Detailed urban land use land cover classification at the metropolitan scale using a three-layer classification scheme. Sensors 19(14): 3120.
  • Cantonati, M., Füreder, L., Gerecke, R., Jüttner, I., Cox, E.J., 2012. Crenic habitats, hotspots for freshwater biodiversity conservation: toward an understanding of their ecology. Freshwater Science 31(2): 463-480.
  • CBS, 2019. Environmental Statistics of Nepal. National Planning Commission, Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics. Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Chalise, D., Kumar, L., 2020. Land use change affects water erosion in the Nepal Himalayas. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231692.
  • Chapagain, P.S., Ghimire, M., Shrestha., S. 2019. Status of natural springs in the Melamchi region of the Nepal Himalayas in the context of climate change. Environment, Development and Sustainability 21(1): 263-280.
  • Chaudhary, P., Rai, S., Wangdi, S., Mao, A., Rehman, N., Chettri, S., Bawa, K. S., 2011. Consistency of local perceptions of climate change in the Kangchenjunga Himalaya landscape. Current Science 101(4): 504-513.
  • Chinnasamy, P., Prathapar, S.A., 2016. Methods to investigate the hydrology of the Himalayan springs: a review. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). IWMI Working Paper 169, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 28p.
  • Choudhary, R., Pathak, D., 2016. Land use/land cover change detection through temporal imageries and its implications in water induced disaster in Triyuga watershed, east Nepal. Journal of Nepal Geological Society 51: 49-54.
  • Congalton, R.G., 1996. Accuracy assessment: a critical component of land cover mapping. In: Gap Analysis: A Landscape Approach to Biodiversity Planning. Scott, J.M., Tear, T.H., Davis, F. (Eds.). American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. pp. 119–131.
  • Congalton, R.G., 2001. Accuracy assessment and validation of remotely sensed and other spatial information. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10(4): 321-328.
  • Dengiz, O., 2018. Potential impact of land use change on land productivity dynamics with focus on land degradation in a sub-humid terrestrial ecosystem. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 133(1): 73-88.
  • Dhakal, K.R., 2010. Land use change in Khageri watershed, Chitwan. The Third Pole: Journal of Geography Education 8: 51-56.
  • Dhital, Y.P., Kayastha, R.B., Shi, J., 2013. Soil bioengineering application and practices in Nepal. Environmental Management 51(2): 354-364.
  • Dinka, M.O., Chaka, D.D., 2019. Analysis of land use/land cover change in Adei watershed, Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Journal of Water and Land Development 41: 146–153.
  • Foley, J.A., DeFries, R., Asner, G.P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter, S.R., Chapin, F.S., Coe, M.T., Daily, G.C., Gibbs, H.K., Helkowski, J.H., Holloway, T., Howard, E.A., Kucharik, C.J., Monfreda, C., Patz, J.A., Prentice, I.C., Ramankutty, N., Snyder, P.K., 2005. Global consequences of land use. Science 309(5734): 570–574.
  • Foody, G.M., 2002. Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment. Remote Sensing of Environment 80(1): 185-201.
  • Frumkin, H., 2002. Urban sprawl and public health. Public Health Reports 117: 201–217.
  • Ghimire, M., Chapagain, P.S., Shrestha, S., 2019. Mapping of groundwater spring potential zone using geospatial techniques in the Central Nepal Himalayas: a case example of Melamchi–Larke area. Journal of Earth System Science 128: 26.
  • Gurung, G.B., Bhandari, D., 2009. Integrated approach to climate change adaptation. Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(1): 91-99.
  • Herold, M., Scepan, J., Clarke, K.C., 2002. The use of remote sensing and landscape metrics to describe structures and changes in urban land uses. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34(8): 1443-1458.
  • Ibeneme, S.I., Ukiwe, L.N., Essien, A.G., Nwagbara, J.O., Nweze, C.A., Chinemelu, E.S. Ivonye, C.A., 2013. Assessment of the chemical characteristics of a spring water source at Ife-Owutu, Ezinihite-Mbaise, Southeastern Nigeria. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2(10): 282-290.
  • ICIMOD, 2015. Reviving the drying springs reinforcing social development and economic growth in the Midhills of Nepal. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur, Nepal, pp. 1–6.
  • Ishtiaque, A., Shrestha, M., Chhetri, N., 2017. Rapid urban growth in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Monitoring land use land cover dynamics of a himalayan city with landsat imageries. Environments 4(4): 72.
  • Jensen, J.R., 2005. Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective. 3rd Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
  • Kadhim, N., Mourshed, M., Bray, M., 2016. Advances in remote sensing applications for urban sustainability. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration 1: 7.
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  • Koirala, S., 2010. Land use/ land cover change and its impact on soil erosion process in Begnas Tal Rupa Tal watershed using geospatial tools, Kaski district, Nepal. Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies, University of NOVA, Lisbon. 62p. Available at [Access date: 10.09.2022]: https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/2732/4/TGEO0030.pdf
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Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Sachin Timilsina Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4749-9289

Saurav Shrestha Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9448-3845

Shankar Tripathi Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3683-8158

Rajeev Bhattarai Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5930-5189

Shambhu Kumar Mishra Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6781-1607

Raju Raj Regmi Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1028-5380

Diwakar Paudel Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0980-8949

Mahamad Sayab Miya Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1675-593X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Timilsina, S., Shrestha, S., Tripathi, S., Bhattarai, R., vd. (2023). Assessment of land use land cover dynamics and its impact on springs water in Ritung Khola Sub-Watershed, Myagdi district, Nepal. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 12(2), 190-204. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1244373