Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon content in the agricultural land uses: Case study at the territory of the Rahoveci municipality, Kosovo

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 205 - 214, 02.07.2023

Betim Bresilla , Florent Demelezi Tamás Szegi Gazmend Gjinovci Bekri Xhemali Valmira Havolli Sherif Mehmeti

https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.1244771

Öz

Due to the soil formation factors and different geographic areas of Dukagjini Plain, particularly in Rahovec municipality, the variation of soil organic carbon is high. Soil organic carbon (SOC) has a crucial role in the determination of the physical, chemical and biological behaviour of the soil. The most common land use types of this area are vineyards, table grapes, horticulture such as peppers and cabbage, and arable lands such as maize, winter wheat, alfalfa, and meadows. Considering the lack of soil information data in Kosovo, it is necessary to have soil information about this territory. The main objectives of the present study are, therefore: i) to investigate and determine the concentration of the soil organic matter (SOM), SOC, nitrogen (N) and soil pH-H2O, using laboratory analysis, and ii) to show the spatial distribution of SOC, SOM, N and pH using the Kriging and inverse weighting interpolation methods. Spatial variability of soil chemical parameters such as SOM, SOC, N, and pH are important to be interpolated to view the changeable soil properties by kriging and inverse distance weighting method and to generate the continuous sample for site-specific management. Disturbed soil samples were collected from the top soil 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth, to determine selected soil chemical parameters, during June-July 2019. A large number of soil samples were collected, 2087 in the first horizon and 2065 in the second. The average of SOC of the first horizon was 0.91%, which variates from 0.07 to 4.06%, while in the second horizon was 0.0 to 2.84%, the average content of N in the first horizon was 0.09%, which variate from 0.01 to 0.60%, while in the second horizon was 0.0 to 0.39%, meanwhile, the average of soil pH-H2O in the first horizon was 7.67, which variates from 4.25 to 9.35, while in the second horizon was 7.79, which variate from 3.25 to 9.30.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil organic carbon, agriculture land, spatial interpolation, kriging, inverse weighting

Kaynakça

• Bormann, H., Klaassen, K., 2008. Seasonal and land use dependent variability of soil hydraulic and soil hydrological properties of two Northern German soils. Geoderma 145(3–4): 295–302.
• Bot, A., Benites, J., 2005. The importance of soil organic matter: Key to drought-resistant soil and sustained food production. FAO Soils Bulletin 80. Food and Agriculture Organizatıon of The United Nations. Rome. Available at [Access date: 23.11.2022]: https://www.fao.org/3/a0100e/a0100e00.htm
• Bresilla, B., 2012. Classification and correlation of Kosovo soils according to world reference bases for soil resources 2006 (WRB) MSc Thesis. Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary.
• Celik, I., 2005. Land-use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil and Tillage Research 83(2): 270–277.
• Cotrufo, M. F., Conant, R. T., Paustian, K., 2011. Soil organic matter dynamics: land use, management and global change. Plant and Soil 338(1): 1–3.
• Cressie, N., 1990. The origins of kriging. Mathematical Geology 22(3): 239–252.
• Dengiz, O., Saygın, F., İmamoğlu, A., 2019. Spatial variability of soil organic carbon density under different land covers and soil types in a sub-humid terrestrial ecosystem. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 8(1): 35–43.
• Gelaw, A.M., Singh, B.R., Lal, R., 2015. Soil quality indices for evaluating smallholder agricultural land uses in northern ethiopia. Sustainability 7(3): 2322–2337.
• GLOSOLAN, 2019. Standard operating procedure for soil organic carbon: Walkley-Black method, Titration and colorimetric method. Global Soil Laboratory Network. GLOSOLAN-SOP-02. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 27p. Available at [Access date: 23.11.2022]: https://www.fao.org/3/ca7471en/ca7471en.pdf
• Green Report, 2021. Kosovo Green Report 2021. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development. 152p. Available at [Access date: 23.11.2022]: https://www.mbpzhr-ks.net/repository/docs/Green_Report_2021.pdf
• Haghighi, F., Gorji, M., Shorafa, M., 2010. A study of the effects of land use changes on soil physical properties and organic matter. Land Degradation and Development 21(5): 496–502.
• Johnston, A.E., Poulton, P.R., Coleman, K., 2009. Chapter 1 Soil organic matter: Its importance in sustainable agriculture and carbon dioxide fluxes. Advances in Agronomy 101:1-57.
• KECA, 2008. Kosovo environment and climate analysis. School of Business, Economics and Law, Universıty of Gothenburg. Department of Economics, Environmental Economics Unit. Available at [Access date: 23.11.2022]: https://sidaenvironmenthelpdesk.se/digitalAssets/1724/1724705_environmental-policy-brief-kosovo-2008.pdf
• KEPA, 2020. Annual Report on the State of the Environment, 2020. August. Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency Available at [Access date: 23.11.2022]: http://apmcj.anpm.ro/rapoarte-anuale1
• Lal, R., 2008. Carbon sequestration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363(1492): 815–830.
• Lal, R., Stewart, B.A., 2015. Soil-Specific: Farming Precision Agriculture. CRC Press. 431p.
• Lehmann, J., Kleber, M., 2015. The contentious nature of soil organic matter. Nature 528(7580): 60–68.
• Li, Y., Shi, Z., Li, F., Li, H.Y., 2007. Delineation of site-specific management zones using fuzzy clustering analysis in a coastal saline land. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 56(2): 174–186.
• Lovett, G.M.; Lindberg, S.E., 1993. Atmospheric Deposition and Canopy Interactions of Nitrogen in Forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23(8): 1603–1616.
• Martin, M. P., Wattenbach, M., Smith, P., Meersmans, J., Jolivet, C., Boulonne, L., Arrouays, D., 2011. Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stocks in France. Biogeosciences 8(5): 1053–1065.
• Nimmo, J.R., 2004. Porosity and pore-size distribution. In: Encyclopedia of soils in the environment. Hillel, D.(Ed.). Elsevier. pp.205-303.
• Oelkers, E.H., Cole, D.R., 2008. Carbon dioxide sequestration: A solution to a global problem. Elements 4(5): 305–310.
• Reza, S.K., Sarkari, D., Daruah, U., Das, T.H., 2010. Evaluation and comparison of ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighting methods for prediction of spatial variability of some chemical parameters of Dhalai district, Tripura. Agropedology 20(1), 38–48.
• Six, J., Elliott, E.T., Paustian, K., Doran, J.W., 1998. Aggregation and soil organic matter accumulation in cultivated and native grassland soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 62(5): 1367– 1377.
• Spain, A.V., Isbell, R.F. and Probert, M.E., 1983. Chapter 34 Organic matter. In: Organic matter contents of Australian soils, in Soils: An Australian Viewpoint. Spain, A.V., Isbell, R.F., Probert, M.E. (Eds.). Academic Press, London. pp. 551-563.
• USDA-NRCS, 2012. Field book for describing and sampling soils. Version 3.0. National Soil Survey Center, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 298p. Available at [Access date: 23.11.2022]: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2022-09/field-book.pdf
• Virdee, T.S., Kottegoda, N.T., 1984. A brief review of kriging and its application to optimal interpolation and observation well selection. Hydrological Sciences Journal 29(4): 367–387.