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Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 77 - 84, 28.11.2019

Öz

            Developments
in antiviral agents have led to significant progress in the treatment of infections
caused by herpes simplex virus 1-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus,
influenza A and B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are several antiviral
drug therapies that are widely used today. These antiviral drugs are examined under
four main headings: drugs effective against influenza viruses, drugs effective against
herpes viruses, anti-HIV drugs and immunomodulators in antiviral therapy. Toxicities
of these drugs are also examined in four main headings: toxicity of drugs that are
effective against herpes viruses, toxicity of drugs effective against influenza
viruses, toxicity of antiretroviral drugs and toxicity of other antiviral agents.
Under these main headings, antiviral drugs and toxicities of these drugs will be
analyzed in more detail. The side effects and toxicities of these drugs should be
well known and if such a situation is encountered, it would be more appropriate
to choose another antiviral treatment that may have less side effects and toxicity
for the patient if necessary.


Kaynakça

  • 1. Hayden FG. Antivirals for influenza: Historical perspectives and lessons learned. Antiviral Research 2006;71:372-8.
  • 2. Ison MG, Hayden FG. Therapeutic options for the managementof influenza. Current Opinion in pharmacology 2001;1:482-90.
  • 3. Hayden FG. Antiviral Agents (nonretroviral). In: Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacology Basis of Theraputics. 11. Edition, McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division, 2006;1328-32.
  • 4. European Medicines Agency. Summary Report: Review on influenza antiviral medicinal products for potential use during pandemic. EMEA /CHMP 2005; London,1-18.
  • 5. Gubareva LV, Kaiser L, Hayden FG. Influenza virus neurominidase inhibitors. Lancet 2000;355:827-35.
  • 6. Ohuchi M, Asaoka N, Sakai T, Ohuchi R. Roles of neurominidase in the initial stage of influenza virus infection. Microbes Infection 2006;8:1287-93.
  • 7. Hardman JG, Limbird LE. In:Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Tenth Edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2001. p.1313-28.
  • 8. Fields, Knipe, Howley, eds. Fundamental Virology. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins; 1996. p.45.
  • 9. Safrin S, Cherrington JM, Jaffe HS. Clinical uses of cidofovir. Rev Med Virol 1997;7:145-56.
  • 10. Hitchcock M, Jaffe H, Martin J, Stagg R. Cidofovir, a new agent with potent anti herpesvirus activity. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1996;7:115-27.
  • 11. Piacenti FJ. An update and review of antiretroviral therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1111-33.
  • 12. www.aidsmeds.com/list.htm.
  • 13. Feinberg JE, Hurwitz S, Cooper D, Sattler FR, Mac Gregor RR, Powderly W et al. A randomized doubleblind trial of valaciclovir prophylaxis for CMV in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. International CMV Prophylaxis Study Group. J Infect Dis 1998;177:48-56.
  • 14. Ratanajamit C, Vinther Skriver M, Jepsen P, Chongsuvivatwong V, Olsen J, Sørensen HT. Advers pregnancy outcome in women exposed to acyclovir during pregnancy. Scand. J Infect Dis 2003;35:255-9.
  • 15. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1247-9.
  • 16. Günaydın M. Antiviral ilaçlar. İnfeksiyon 2001. s.241.
  • 17. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1251.
  • 18. Gill K S, Wood MJ. The clinical pharmacokinetics of famciclovir. Clin. Pharmacokinet 1996;31:1-8
  • 19. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1253.
  • 20. Seth A, Misra A, Umrigar D. Topical liposomal gel of idoxuridine for the treatment of herpes simplex: pharmaceutical and clinical implications. Pharm Dev Tecnol 2004;9:277-89.
  • 21. Pescovitz MD, Rabkin J, Merion RM, Paya CV, Pirsch J, Freeman RB et al. Valganciclovir results in improved oral absorption of ganciclovir in liver transplant recipients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:2811-5.
  • 22. Whitley RJ, Tucker BC, Kinkel AW, Barton NH, Pass RF, Whelchel JD et al. Pharmacology, Tolerance, and Antiviral Activity of Vidarabine Monophosphate In Humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980:18;709-15.
  • 23. Keyser L, Karl M, Nafziger A, Bertino J. Comparison of central nervous system advers effects of amantadine and rimantadine used of sequential prophylaxis of influenza A in elderly nursing home patints. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1485-8.
  • 24. Kiso M, Mitamura K, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Shiraishi K, Kawakami C, Kimura K et al. Resistant influenza A viruses in children treated with oseltamivir: descriptive study. Lancet 2004;364:759-65.
  • 25. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. Chapter 49. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1260.
  • 26. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (retroviral) Goodman-Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; Chapter 50. 2006. p.1285.
  • 27. Hayden FG: Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman-Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1265.
  • 28. Rauch A, Nolan D, Martin A, et al. Prospective genetic screening decreases the incidence of abacavir hypersensitivity reactions inthe Western Australian HIV cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:99-102.
  • 29. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents Goodman-Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. Chapter 50. McGraw- Hill; 2006. p.1291.
  • 30. Harris M, Montaner JS. Clinical uses of non-nücleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Rev Med Virol 2000;10: 217-29.
  • 31. Doyon L, Tremblay S, Bourgon L, Wardrop E, Cordingley MG. Selection and characterization of HIV-1 showing reduced susceptibility to the nonpeptidic protease inhibitor tipranavir. Antiviral Res 2005;68:27-35.
  • 32. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents Goodman-Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; Chapter 50. 2006. p.1302.
  • 33. Ellis JM, Ross JW, Coleman CI. Fosemprenavir: A novel proteaseinhibitor and prodrug of amprenavir. Formularly. 2004;19:151-60.
  • 34. Goldsmith DR, Pery CM. Atazanavir. Drugs 2003:63; 1679-93.
  • 35. Dando TM, Perry CM. Enfuvirtide. Drugs 2003;63:2755-66.
  • 36. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; Chapter 49. 2006. p.1261.
  • 37. Isaacs, A and Lindenmann J. Virus Interference. I. The interferon. J. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol Sci 1957; 147:258-67.
  • 38. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; Chapter 49. 2006. p.1247-9.
  • 39. Canel C, Moraes RM, Dayan FE, Ferreira D. Molecules of Interest: Podophyllotoxin. Phytochemistry 2000;54:115-20.
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 77 - 84, 28.11.2019

Öz

Antiviral ajanlardaki gelişmeler, herpes simpleks virüs 1-2, varisella-zoster virüs, sitomegalovirüs, influenza A ve B ve insan immün yetmezlik (HIV) virüsükaynaklı enfeksiyonların tedavisinde önemli ilerleme sağlamıştır. Günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan çeşitli antiviral ilaç tedavileri vardır. Bu antiviral ilaçlardört ana başlık altında incelenir: influenza virüslerine karşı etkili ilaçlar, herpes virüslerine karşı etkili ilaçlar, anti-HIV ilaçları ve antiviral tedavide kullanılanimmünomodülatörler. Bu ilaçların toksisiteleri ayrıca dört ana başlıkta incelenmiştir: herpes virüslerine karşı etkili ilaçların toksisitesi, influenza virüslerinekarşı etkili ilaçların toksisitesi, antiretroviral ilaçların toksisitesi ve diğer antiviral ajanların toksisitesi. Bu derlemerde, ana başlıklar altında, antiviral ilaçlarve bu ilaçların toksisiteleri daha ayrıntılı olarak analiz edilecektir. Bu ilaçların yan etkileri ve toksisiteleri iyi bilinmeli ve eğer böyle bir durumla karşılaşılırsa,gerekirse hasta için daha az yan etkisi ve toksisitesi olabilecek başka bir antiviral tedavi seçmek daha uygun olacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Hayden FG. Antivirals for influenza: Historical perspectives and lessons learned. Antiviral Research 2006;71:372-8.
  • 2. Ison MG, Hayden FG. Therapeutic options for the managementof influenza. Current Opinion in pharmacology 2001;1:482-90.
  • 3. Hayden FG. Antiviral Agents (nonretroviral). In: Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacology Basis of Theraputics. 11. Edition, McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division, 2006;1328-32.
  • 4. European Medicines Agency. Summary Report: Review on influenza antiviral medicinal products for potential use during pandemic. EMEA /CHMP 2005; London,1-18.
  • 5. Gubareva LV, Kaiser L, Hayden FG. Influenza virus neurominidase inhibitors. Lancet 2000;355:827-35.
  • 6. Ohuchi M, Asaoka N, Sakai T, Ohuchi R. Roles of neurominidase in the initial stage of influenza virus infection. Microbes Infection 2006;8:1287-93.
  • 7. Hardman JG, Limbird LE. In:Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Tenth Edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2001. p.1313-28.
  • 8. Fields, Knipe, Howley, eds. Fundamental Virology. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins; 1996. p.45.
  • 9. Safrin S, Cherrington JM, Jaffe HS. Clinical uses of cidofovir. Rev Med Virol 1997;7:145-56.
  • 10. Hitchcock M, Jaffe H, Martin J, Stagg R. Cidofovir, a new agent with potent anti herpesvirus activity. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1996;7:115-27.
  • 11. Piacenti FJ. An update and review of antiretroviral therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1111-33.
  • 12. www.aidsmeds.com/list.htm.
  • 13. Feinberg JE, Hurwitz S, Cooper D, Sattler FR, Mac Gregor RR, Powderly W et al. A randomized doubleblind trial of valaciclovir prophylaxis for CMV in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. International CMV Prophylaxis Study Group. J Infect Dis 1998;177:48-56.
  • 14. Ratanajamit C, Vinther Skriver M, Jepsen P, Chongsuvivatwong V, Olsen J, Sørensen HT. Advers pregnancy outcome in women exposed to acyclovir during pregnancy. Scand. J Infect Dis 2003;35:255-9.
  • 15. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1247-9.
  • 16. Günaydın M. Antiviral ilaçlar. İnfeksiyon 2001. s.241.
  • 17. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1251.
  • 18. Gill K S, Wood MJ. The clinical pharmacokinetics of famciclovir. Clin. Pharmacokinet 1996;31:1-8
  • 19. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1253.
  • 20. Seth A, Misra A, Umrigar D. Topical liposomal gel of idoxuridine for the treatment of herpes simplex: pharmaceutical and clinical implications. Pharm Dev Tecnol 2004;9:277-89.
  • 21. Pescovitz MD, Rabkin J, Merion RM, Paya CV, Pirsch J, Freeman RB et al. Valganciclovir results in improved oral absorption of ganciclovir in liver transplant recipients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:2811-5.
  • 22. Whitley RJ, Tucker BC, Kinkel AW, Barton NH, Pass RF, Whelchel JD et al. Pharmacology, Tolerance, and Antiviral Activity of Vidarabine Monophosphate In Humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980:18;709-15.
  • 23. Keyser L, Karl M, Nafziger A, Bertino J. Comparison of central nervous system advers effects of amantadine and rimantadine used of sequential prophylaxis of influenza A in elderly nursing home patints. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1485-8.
  • 24. Kiso M, Mitamura K, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Shiraishi K, Kawakami C, Kimura K et al. Resistant influenza A viruses in children treated with oseltamivir: descriptive study. Lancet 2004;364:759-65.
  • 25. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. Chapter 49. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1260.
  • 26. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (retroviral) Goodman-Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; Chapter 50. 2006. p.1285.
  • 27. Hayden FG: Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman-Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.1265.
  • 28. Rauch A, Nolan D, Martin A, et al. Prospective genetic screening decreases the incidence of abacavir hypersensitivity reactions inthe Western Australian HIV cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:99-102.
  • 29. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents Goodman-Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. Chapter 50. McGraw- Hill; 2006. p.1291.
  • 30. Harris M, Montaner JS. Clinical uses of non-nücleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Rev Med Virol 2000;10: 217-29.
  • 31. Doyon L, Tremblay S, Bourgon L, Wardrop E, Cordingley MG. Selection and characterization of HIV-1 showing reduced susceptibility to the nonpeptidic protease inhibitor tipranavir. Antiviral Res 2005;68:27-35.
  • 32. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents Goodman-Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; Chapter 50. 2006. p.1302.
  • 33. Ellis JM, Ross JW, Coleman CI. Fosemprenavir: A novel proteaseinhibitor and prodrug of amprenavir. Formularly. 2004;19:151-60.
  • 34. Goldsmith DR, Pery CM. Atazanavir. Drugs 2003:63; 1679-93.
  • 35. Dando TM, Perry CM. Enfuvirtide. Drugs 2003;63:2755-66.
  • 36. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; Chapter 49. 2006. p.1261.
  • 37. Isaacs, A and Lindenmann J. Virus Interference. I. The interferon. J. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol Sci 1957; 147:258-67.
  • 38. Hayden FG. Antiviral agents (Non retroviral) Goodman- Gillman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; Chapter 49. 2006. p.1247-9.
  • 39. Canel C, Moraes RM, Dayan FE, Ferreira D. Molecules of Interest: Podophyllotoxin. Phytochemistry 2000;54:115-20.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Acil Tıp
Bölüm Review Article
Yazarlar

Muhammed Ekmekyapar 0000-0001-7008-2695

Şükrü Gürbüz 0000-0003-2616-0304

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Kasım 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ekmekyapar, M., & Gürbüz, Ş. (2019). Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology, 1(3), 77-84.
AMA Ekmekyapar M, Gürbüz Ş. Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities. Eurasian J Tox. Kasım 2019;1(3):77-84.
Chicago Ekmekyapar, Muhammed, ve Şükrü Gürbüz. “Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 1, sy. 3 (Kasım 2019): 77-84.
EndNote Ekmekyapar M, Gürbüz Ş (01 Kasım 2019) Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 1 3 77–84.
IEEE M. Ekmekyapar ve Ş. Gürbüz, “Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities”, Eurasian J Tox, c. 1, sy. 3, ss. 77–84, 2019.
ISNAD Ekmekyapar, Muhammed - Gürbüz, Şükrü. “Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology 1/3 (Kasım 2019), 77-84.
JAMA Ekmekyapar M, Gürbüz Ş. Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities. Eurasian J Tox. 2019;1:77–84.
MLA Ekmekyapar, Muhammed ve Şükrü Gürbüz. “Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities”. Eurasian Journal of Toxicology, c. 1, sy. 3, 2019, ss. 77-84.
Vancouver Ekmekyapar M, Gürbüz Ş. Antiviral Drugs and Their Toxicities. Eurasian J Tox. 2019;1(3):77-84.

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