Determination of Resistance to Broomrape and Yield Performances of IMI Type Sunflower Hybrids

Abstract

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the most widely cultivated oilseed crop in Türkiye. However, sunflower production is severely constrained by broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Herbicide-tolerant sunflower cultivars resistant to imazamox (IMI) play a crucial role in controlling broomrape and other weeds. In Türkiye, newly emerging broomrape races are currently present in almost all sunflower-growing areas. This study aimed to evaluate the yield performance and broomrape resistance of IMI-tolerant hybrid sunflower cultivars developed within the scope of TARI’s National Sunflower Project. Field experiments were conducted in four locations in 2024. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Weed control was achieved by applying imazamox (40 g L⁻¹) at a rate of 1.25 L ha⁻¹ at the 6-8 leaf stage. Statistical analyses were performed using the JMP software. Broomrape resistance was evaluated under both field conditions in Keşan and artificial inoculation tests in pots. In field trial, plots with two replicates. Each plots consisted 32 plants. Infection frequency, infection intensity, and aggressiveness levels were assessed, and genotypes were classified as susceptible, tolerant, or resistant. The results showed that TTAE IMI 23-130 and TTAE IMI 23-135 exhibited superior seed yield, oil yield, and high tolerance to new broomrape races, and they were identified as the most promising hybrids for variety registration. The susceptibility of OR7 gene-carrying genotypes further indicates the emergence of new broomrape races in the region.

Keywords

• Sunflower
• broomrape
• imazamox
• inoculation
• yield

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