Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China

Serdar Ongan; İlyas Kays İmamoğlu; Buket Aydın

doi:10.58251/ekonomi.1971715

Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China

Abstract

Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, existing literature primarily examines carbon intensity through technical and economic factors, while the influence of policy and governance uncertainties is often overlooked. This research aims to examine the effects of three different uncertainty indicators—climate policy uncertainty (CPU), newly created sustainability uncertainty (ESGUI), and environmental governance policy uncertainty (EGPU) indices —and renewable energy generation (REN) on carbon intensity in the case of China. Fourier ARDL and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto methods are applied with quarterly data for 2015Q1–2023Q4. The findings reveal that EGPU increases carbon intensity, while CPU, ESGUI, and REN have a decreasing effect. The increasing impact of EGPU indicates that environmental policies may be rendered ineffective due to institutional weaknesses and implementation uncertainties. These results show that carbon intensity is directly related not only to energy policies but also to the quality of governance and the nature of policy uncertainties.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Development Economics - Macro

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Serdar Ongan
0000-0002-0969-4710
Czech Republic

İlyas Kays İmamoğlu ^*
0000-0002-7732-4148
Türkiye

Buket Aydın
0000-0002-6204-0505
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

July 31, 2026

Publication Date

July 31, 2026

Submission Date

June 15, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 31, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.58251/ekonomi.1971715

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA88MT37EN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ongan, S., İmamoğlu, İ. K., & Aydın, B. (2026). Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China. Journal of Ekonomi, 8(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.58251/ekonomi.1971715

AMA

1.Ongan S, İmamoğlu İK, Aydın B. Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China. JOE. 2026;8(1):57-70. doi:10.58251/ekonomi.1971715

Chicago

Ongan, Serdar, İlyas Kays İmamoğlu, and Buket Aydın. 2026. “Carbon Intensity and Policy Uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in Sustainable Development for China”. Journal of Ekonomi 8 (1): 57-70. https://doi.org/10.58251/ekonomi.1971715.

EndNote

Ongan S, İmamoğlu İK, Aydın B (July 1, 2026) Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China. Journal of Ekonomi 8 1 57–70.

IEEE

[1]S. Ongan, İ. K. İmamoğlu, and B. Aydın, “Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China”, JOE, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 57–70, July 2026, doi: 10.58251/ekonomi.1971715.

ISNAD

Ongan, Serdar - İmamoğlu, İlyas Kays - Aydın, Buket. “Carbon Intensity and Policy Uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in Sustainable Development for China”. Journal of Ekonomi 8/1 (July 1, 2026): 57-70. https://doi.org/10.58251/ekonomi.1971715.

JAMA

1.Ongan S, İmamoğlu İK, Aydın B. Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China. JOE. 2026;8:57–70.

MLA

Ongan, Serdar, et al. “Carbon Intensity and Policy Uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in Sustainable Development for China”. Journal of Ekonomi, vol. 8, no. 1, July 2026, pp. 57-70, doi:10.58251/ekonomi.1971715.

Vancouver

1.Serdar Ongan, İlyas Kays İmamoğlu, Buket Aydın. Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China. JOE. 2026 Jul. 1;8(1):57-70. doi:10.58251/ekonomi.1971715