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Perceived leadership styles and employee motivation: A research in Turkish hotel context

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 106 - 110, 31.12.2021

Öz

This paper aims to explore if there is any significant relationship between the perceived leadership styles and employee motivation within the hotel context in Turkey. Survey technique was used in the data collection process of the research. The link of the online questionnaire was delivered to the accessed employees working in the five-star hotels in Turkey and 385 questionnaires were filled appropriately. The items on the questionnaire were about the examined leadership styles and employee motivation. It was found in the study that there is a significant relationship between transformational leadership and employee motivation whereas no significant relationship was found between transactional, Laissez-faire and employee motivation. Relevant recommendations have been provided for the role of leadership styles within the hospitality organisations for their effective management in the future.

Kaynakça

  • Achua, C.F. and Lussier, R.N. (2013). Effective leadership. South-Western Cengage Learning.
  • Avolio, B. (1999). Full Leadership Development: Building the Vital Forces in Organization. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Bartol, K. M. and Martin, D. C. (1998). Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. Publisher: Free Press, New York.
  • Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J. (2000). MLQ: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden
  • Breuilly, J. (2011). Max Weber, charisma and nationalist leadership 1. Nations and nationalism, 17(3), 477-499.
  • Burns, A. (2010). Doing Action Research in Language Teaching: A Guide for Practitioners. NY: Routledge.
  • Carlson, D.S.and Perrewe, P.L. (1995). Institutionalization of Organizational Ethics through Transformational Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics. 4, 829-838.
  • Chaudhury, A. and Javed, H. (2012). Impact of Transactional and Laissez-Faire Leadership Style on Motivation. International Journal of Business and social science, 3(7), 259-264.
  • Chaves, W.V. (2001). An empirical analysis of the effect of work-related values and value congruence of job satisfaction, task performance, and organizational citizenship behaviour. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62(1-B), 584.
  • Chiok Foong Loke, J. (2001). Leadership behaviours: effects on job satisfaction, productivity and organizational commitment. Journal of nursing management, 9(4), 191-204.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morris on, K. (2000). Action research. Research methods in education, 5, 226-244.
  • Creech, R. (1995). Employee motivation. Management Quarterly, 36, 33-40.
  • Davis, B. M. (2004). The impact of leadership on employee motivation.
  • https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=8869858 (December 18, 2020).
  • Drucker, P. F. (1999). Management challenges for the 21st century. New Dhakatribune.com. Dhaka Tribune | Latest news update from Banks in Bangladesh, World. https://www.dhakatribune.com/articles/ business/ banks/(Access Date: April 28, 2020].
  • Grensing-Pophal, L. (2002). Motivating today’s employees. North Vancouver, Canada: Self-Counsel Press.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. and Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Haque, M., Haque, M. and Islam, M. (2014). ASA University Review. MotivationalTheories – A Critical Analysis, 8(1), 62-68.
  • Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees. Harvard Business Review. January-February.
  • Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Snyderman, B. B. (1993). The motivation to work. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, Originally published: New York: Wiley.
  • Hinkin, T. and Schriesheim, C. (2008). A theoretical and empirical examination of the transactional and non-leadership dimensions of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 501-513.
  • Hislop D. (2003). Linking human resource management and knowledge management via commitment: a review and research agenda. Employee Relations; 182, 25-2.
  • Huit, W. (2002). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/coFregsvs/maslow.html3. (Access Date; June 16, 2020)
  • Judge, T.A. and Piccolo, R.F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of applied psychology, 89(5), 755.
  • Kendrick, J. (2011). Transformational Leadership Changing Individuals & Social Systems. Professional Safety, 56(11), 14.
  • Kotter, J. (1999). What leaders really do. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Book.
  • Lock, C. (2001). How to motivate yourself and stay motivated. Project Magazine. http://www.proiectmagazine.com/apr01/motivl.html. (Access Date: June 16, 2018)
  • Locke, E. and Latham, G. (1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance. Choice Reviews Online, 28(01), 28-0608-28-0608.
  • Luthans, F. (2011). Organizational Behavior. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Mengesha, A. (2015). Impact of leadership approaches on employee motivation: An empirical investigation in Haramaya University. AshEse Journal of Business Management, 1(3).
  • McClelland, D. C. (1985). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812-825.
  • Michael, O. S., Crispen, C., (2009). Employee retention and turnover: Using motivational variables as a panacea, African Journal of Business Management, .3 (8), 410-415
  • Michie, J., Oughton, C. and Bennion, Y. (2002). Employee Ownership, Motivation and Productivity. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED478145. (Access Date: December 22, 2020)
  • Miner, J. B., Smith, N. R., and Bracker, J. S. (1989). Role of entrepreneurial task motivation in the growth of technologically innovative firms. Journal of applied psychology, 74(4), 554.
  • Mitchell, T. R. (1982). Motivation: New directions for theory, research, and practice. Academy of management review, 7(1), 80-88.
  • Morse, G. (2003). Why we misread motives. Harvard Business Review, 8, 3.
  • Naile, I. and Selesho, J. (2014). The Role of Leadership in Employee Motivation. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 175- 182.
  • Norland-Tilburg, E. V. (1990). Controlling error in evaluation instruments. Journal of Extension, 28(2). http://www.joe.org/joe/1990summer/tt2.html. (Access Date: December 22, 2020)
  • Robbins, S.P. (1994). Essentials of Organizational Behaviour. Publisher: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Robbins, S. and Judge, T. (2013). Organizational behaviour. 15th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Root, G. (2015). How Managers With Different Leadership Styles Motivate Their Teams. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/managers-different-leadershipstyles-motivate-teams-10823.html (Access Date: December 13, 2020).
  • Sehi̇ć – Kršlak, S. (2021). The role of leadership in creating an organizational culture. Journal of Ekonomi, 3 (1), 24-26. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekonomi/issue/53787/747344 (Access Date: January 1, 2021)
  • Šehi̇ć – Kršlak, S, Šaši̇ć, đ , Dži̇gal, H. (2021). The Impact of Leadership on Organizational Performance in Small and Medium Companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Ekonomi, 3(2), 101-105. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekonomi/issue/59529/850328
  • Shim S., Lusch R. F. and Goldsberry E. (2002). Leadership style profiles of retail managers: personal, organizational and managerial characteristics. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management; 30(4), 186-201
  • Sougui, A. O., Bon, A. T., Mahamat, M. A. and Hassan, H. M. H. (2016). The Impact of Leadership on Employee Motivation in Malaysian Telecommunication Sector. Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities, 1(1).
  • TURİZMAKTÜEL (2020). İşte Türkiye'nin 5 yıldızlı Otel sayısı. Available at: https://www.turizmaktuel.com/haber/iste-turkiye-nin-5-yildizli-otel-sayisi (Access Date: August 3, 2020)
  • Van Eerde, W. and Thierry, H. (1996). Vroom's expectancy models and work-related criteria: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(5), 575-586.
  • Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Waldman, D.A., Bass, B.M. and Einstein, W.O. (1987). Leadership and outcomes of performance appraisal. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 177-186.
  • Wheatley, M. (1999). Leadership and the new science; Discovering order in a chaotic world. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.
  • Wong, S. and Giessner, S. (2016). The Thin Line Between Empowering and Laissez-Faire Leadership: An Expectancy-Match Perspective. Journal of Management, 44(2), 757-783.
  • Yukl, G. (2014). Leadership in Organizations, Noida: Pearson IndiaEducation Services Pvt Ltd.

Perceived leadership styles and employee motivation: A research in Turkish hotel context

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 106 - 110, 31.12.2021

Öz

This paper aims to explore if there is any significant relationship between the perceived leadership styles and employee motivation within the hotel context in Turkey. Survey technique was used in the data collection process of the research. The link of the online questionnaire was delivered to the accessed employees working in the five-star hotels in Turkey and 385 questionnaires were filled appropriately. The items on the questionnaire were about the examined leadership styles and employee motivation. It was found in the study that there is a significant relationship between transformational leadership and employee motivation whereas no significant relationship was found between transactional, Laissez-faire and employee motivation. Relevant recommendations have been provided for the role of leadership styles within the hospitality organisations for their effective management in the future.

Kaynakça

  • Achua, C.F. and Lussier, R.N. (2013). Effective leadership. South-Western Cengage Learning.
  • Avolio, B. (1999). Full Leadership Development: Building the Vital Forces in Organization. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Bartol, K. M. and Martin, D. C. (1998). Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. Publisher: Free Press, New York.
  • Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J. (2000). MLQ: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden
  • Breuilly, J. (2011). Max Weber, charisma and nationalist leadership 1. Nations and nationalism, 17(3), 477-499.
  • Burns, A. (2010). Doing Action Research in Language Teaching: A Guide for Practitioners. NY: Routledge.
  • Carlson, D.S.and Perrewe, P.L. (1995). Institutionalization of Organizational Ethics through Transformational Leadership. Journal of Business Ethics. 4, 829-838.
  • Chaudhury, A. and Javed, H. (2012). Impact of Transactional and Laissez-Faire Leadership Style on Motivation. International Journal of Business and social science, 3(7), 259-264.
  • Chaves, W.V. (2001). An empirical analysis of the effect of work-related values and value congruence of job satisfaction, task performance, and organizational citizenship behaviour. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62(1-B), 584.
  • Chiok Foong Loke, J. (2001). Leadership behaviours: effects on job satisfaction, productivity and organizational commitment. Journal of nursing management, 9(4), 191-204.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morris on, K. (2000). Action research. Research methods in education, 5, 226-244.
  • Creech, R. (1995). Employee motivation. Management Quarterly, 36, 33-40.
  • Davis, B. M. (2004). The impact of leadership on employee motivation.
  • https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=8869858 (December 18, 2020).
  • Drucker, P. F. (1999). Management challenges for the 21st century. New Dhakatribune.com. Dhaka Tribune | Latest news update from Banks in Bangladesh, World. https://www.dhakatribune.com/articles/ business/ banks/(Access Date: April 28, 2020].
  • Grensing-Pophal, L. (2002). Motivating today’s employees. North Vancouver, Canada: Self-Counsel Press.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. and Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Haque, M., Haque, M. and Islam, M. (2014). ASA University Review. MotivationalTheories – A Critical Analysis, 8(1), 62-68.
  • Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees. Harvard Business Review. January-February.
  • Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Snyderman, B. B. (1993). The motivation to work. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, Originally published: New York: Wiley.
  • Hinkin, T. and Schriesheim, C. (2008). A theoretical and empirical examination of the transactional and non-leadership dimensions of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). The Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 501-513.
  • Hislop D. (2003). Linking human resource management and knowledge management via commitment: a review and research agenda. Employee Relations; 182, 25-2.
  • Huit, W. (2002). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/coFregsvs/maslow.html3. (Access Date; June 16, 2020)
  • Judge, T.A. and Piccolo, R.F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of applied psychology, 89(5), 755.
  • Kendrick, J. (2011). Transformational Leadership Changing Individuals & Social Systems. Professional Safety, 56(11), 14.
  • Kotter, J. (1999). What leaders really do. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Book.
  • Lock, C. (2001). How to motivate yourself and stay motivated. Project Magazine. http://www.proiectmagazine.com/apr01/motivl.html. (Access Date: June 16, 2018)
  • Locke, E. and Latham, G. (1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance. Choice Reviews Online, 28(01), 28-0608-28-0608.
  • Luthans, F. (2011). Organizational Behavior. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Mengesha, A. (2015). Impact of leadership approaches on employee motivation: An empirical investigation in Haramaya University. AshEse Journal of Business Management, 1(3).
  • McClelland, D. C. (1985). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812-825.
  • Michael, O. S., Crispen, C., (2009). Employee retention and turnover: Using motivational variables as a panacea, African Journal of Business Management, .3 (8), 410-415
  • Michie, J., Oughton, C. and Bennion, Y. (2002). Employee Ownership, Motivation and Productivity. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED478145. (Access Date: December 22, 2020)
  • Miner, J. B., Smith, N. R., and Bracker, J. S. (1989). Role of entrepreneurial task motivation in the growth of technologically innovative firms. Journal of applied psychology, 74(4), 554.
  • Mitchell, T. R. (1982). Motivation: New directions for theory, research, and practice. Academy of management review, 7(1), 80-88.
  • Morse, G. (2003). Why we misread motives. Harvard Business Review, 8, 3.
  • Naile, I. and Selesho, J. (2014). The Role of Leadership in Employee Motivation. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 175- 182.
  • Norland-Tilburg, E. V. (1990). Controlling error in evaluation instruments. Journal of Extension, 28(2). http://www.joe.org/joe/1990summer/tt2.html. (Access Date: December 22, 2020)
  • Robbins, S.P. (1994). Essentials of Organizational Behaviour. Publisher: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Robbins, S. and Judge, T. (2013). Organizational behaviour. 15th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Root, G. (2015). How Managers With Different Leadership Styles Motivate Their Teams. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/managers-different-leadershipstyles-motivate-teams-10823.html (Access Date: December 13, 2020).
  • Sehi̇ć – Kršlak, S. (2021). The role of leadership in creating an organizational culture. Journal of Ekonomi, 3 (1), 24-26. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekonomi/issue/53787/747344 (Access Date: January 1, 2021)
  • Šehi̇ć – Kršlak, S, Šaši̇ć, đ , Dži̇gal, H. (2021). The Impact of Leadership on Organizational Performance in Small and Medium Companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Ekonomi, 3(2), 101-105. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ekonomi/issue/59529/850328
  • Shim S., Lusch R. F. and Goldsberry E. (2002). Leadership style profiles of retail managers: personal, organizational and managerial characteristics. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management; 30(4), 186-201
  • Sougui, A. O., Bon, A. T., Mahamat, M. A. and Hassan, H. M. H. (2016). The Impact of Leadership on Employee Motivation in Malaysian Telecommunication Sector. Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities, 1(1).
  • TURİZMAKTÜEL (2020). İşte Türkiye'nin 5 yıldızlı Otel sayısı. Available at: https://www.turizmaktuel.com/haber/iste-turkiye-nin-5-yildizli-otel-sayisi (Access Date: August 3, 2020)
  • Van Eerde, W. and Thierry, H. (1996). Vroom's expectancy models and work-related criteria: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(5), 575-586.
  • Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Waldman, D.A., Bass, B.M. and Einstein, W.O. (1987). Leadership and outcomes of performance appraisal. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 177-186.
  • Wheatley, M. (1999). Leadership and the new science; Discovering order in a chaotic world. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.
  • Wong, S. and Giessner, S. (2016). The Thin Line Between Empowering and Laissez-Faire Leadership: An Expectancy-Match Perspective. Journal of Management, 44(2), 757-783.
  • Yukl, G. (2014). Leadership in Organizations, Noida: Pearson IndiaEducation Services Pvt Ltd.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Davut Uysal 0000-0001-8241-4407

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Uysal, D. (2021). Perceived leadership styles and employee motivation: A research in Turkish hotel context. Journal of Ekonomi, 3(2), 106-110.

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