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Empowering small businesses in a pandemic: Governance of cross-sector responses

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 14 - 20, 01.07.2022

Abstract

Governance of cross-sector partnerships involving the public and private sector actors has been explored in literature. However, little is known about a complicated governance arrangement involving multiple actors including informal sector players and market women in response to a pandemic to achieve an unprecedented outcome. The study focused on the implications of standards and regulations imposed by government and its agencies on small and female-owned enterprises producing PPEs in a partnership arrangement to address the Covid-19 pandemic in Ghana. Following the analysis of data collected qualitatively from 38 participants to explore the phenomenon, the findings concluded suggest that business associations can play a vital role to support and empower small businesses in complicated governance arrangements in a time of crisis. The study recommends that government agencies should be creative in the enforcement of standards and regulations to empower small businesses taking initiatives to respond to a pandemic while sustaining their livelihoods.

Supporting Institution

Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration

Project Number

Not Applicable

Thanks

Thanks

References

  • Ahmad, M., Akhtar, N,. Jabeen, G., Irfan, M., Anser, Khalid. M., Wu, H. and Isik, C. (2021). Intention-based critical factors Affecting Willingness to Adopt Novel Coronavirus Prevention in Pakistan: Implications for Future Pandemics. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021/8 6167. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph 18116167.
  • Al-Tabbaa, O., Leach, D., and Khan, Z. (2019). Examining alliance management capabilities in cross-sector collaborative partnerships. Journal of Business Research, (101): 268-284.
  • Alves, J.C., Lok, T.C., Luo, Y. and Haq, W. (2020). Crisis Management for Small Business during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Survival, Resilience & Renewal Strategies of Firms in Macau. City University of Macau. Research Square (1): 1-29.
  • Akugri, M.S., Bagah, D.A. and Wulifan, J. (2015). The Contributions of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to Economic Growth: A Cross Sectional Study of Zebilla in the Bawku West District of Northern Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(9).
  • Austin, J. (2000). Strategic collaboration between non-profits and business. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly, (29): 69-97.
  • Berroni, P. Gerlabert, L. Massa-Saluzzo, F. and Rousseau, H.E. (2016). Understanding Community dynamics in the study f grand challenges; How nonprofits, institutional actors, and the community fabric interact to influence income inequality. Academy of Management Journal, (59): 1940-1964.
  • Boin, A, Comfort, L.K., and Demchak, C.C. (2010). Designing resilience. Preparing for extreme events. Uni. of Pittsburg Press, Pittsburg, PA: 1-12.
  • Borgatti, S.P. and Halgin, D.S. (2011). On Network Theory, Organization Science, (22): 1168-1181.
  • Braun. V., and Clarke, V. (2013). APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology: Vol. 2. Research Designs, H. Cooper (Editor-in-Chief).
  • Cacciattolo, M. (2015). Ethical Considerations in Research. In: Vicar M., Steinberg, S. McKenna T. and Cacciottolo, M. (Eds.) The Praxis of English Language Teaching & Learning. Critical New Lit. Sense, Rotterdam. 61-79.
  • Clarke, A. and Crane, A., (2018). Cross Sector partnerships for Systemic Change: Systematized Literature Review and Agenda for Further Research. Journal of Business Ethics, (150): 303-313.
  • Creswell, J.W., and Creswell, J.D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (5th Edition). SAGE Publications.
  • Cuevas-Rodriguez, G., Gomez-Meija, L.R. and Weiseman, R.M. (2012). Has Agency Theory Run as Course? Making them to inform the man. of reward systems more flexible. Corporate Governance Int. Rev., 20(6):526- 546.
  • Dentoni, D, Bitzer, V. and Schouten G., (2018). Harnessing Wicked Problems in Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships. Business Ethics, (150): 333-356.
  • Devanga, S.R. (2014). Thin vs. Thick Descriptions. A critical Analysis of Representations of CSD Literature. Clinical Aphasiology Paper. 1-3.
  • Djoble-D’Almeida, A.P. (2020). Managing Citizen Engagement: Public-private partnership governance in selected Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies in Ghana. (Unpublished Thesis submitted to Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration for the Award of a PhD Degree in Public Administration: 1-285.
  • Donahue, J.D., and Zeckhauser, R. (2006). Collaborative Governance. Princeton University Press, pp. 496-525 In Oxford Handbook of Public Policy. Oxford University Press.
  • Duan, T., Sun, Zhonggen. and Shi, G. (2021). Sustained effects of government response on the COVID-19 Infection rate in China. A Multiple meditation analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research in Public Health 2021. 18, 12422, doi:10.3390/ijerph 182312422.
  • Geertz, C., 1973. The interpretation of cultures. New York, N.Y: Basic Books.
  • Hodge, G., and Greve, C. (2017). Contemporary Public-private partnership. Towards a global research agenda. Fin. Accounting & Management, (34):3- 16.
  • ILO, (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on people’s livelihood, their health and our food systems. Joint statement by ILO, FAO, IFAD and WHO.
  • Irfan, S. (2020). Understanding inter-organizational relationships in public-privte partnerships: a study of educational PPPs in Pakistan.
  • Li, D., Dong and Chuanwen, D. (2021. Government regulations to mitigate the shortage of life-saving goods in the face of a pandemic. European Journal of Operational Research.
  • Lone, S.A., Ahmad, A. (2020) Covid-19 pandemic- an African perspective. Emerging microbes and infections, 9(1):1300-1308.
  • Mandl, C., Berger, E.S.C. and Kuckertz, A. (2016). Do you plead guilty? Exploring entrepreneurs’ sensemaking behavior link after business failure. Journal of Business Ventures Insights, Volume 5 (2016): 9-13.
  • Martinelli, E., Tagliazucchi, G., and Marchi, G. (2018). The resilient retail entrepreneur: Dynamic capabilities for facing natural disasters. International Journal for for Entrepreneurial Behavour Resilience (21): 1222-1243.
  • Norhstedt D., Bynander F., Parker, C., and Hart. (2018). Managing Crises Collaboratively:Prospects and Problems – A systematic Literature Review. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 257-271.
  • OECD (2020). Policy responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Regulatory quality and COVID-19: The use of regulatory management tools in a time of crisis.
  • Ochi, S., So, M., Hashimoto, S., Denda, K,. and Sekizawa, Y. (2021). Behavioural Factors Associated with COVID-19 Risk: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18 12184.
  • Omobowale, E.B., Kuziw M., Naylor, M., Daar, A.S. and Singer, P.A. (2010). Addressing Conflict of Interests in PPPs. BMC International Health, Human Rights, Open Access: 1-7.
  • Parpia, A.S., Ndeffo Mbah M.L., Wwnzel, N.S. and Galvani, A.P., 2016. Effects of response to the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak on deaths from malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis, West Africa. Emergin. Infect Dis. 22(93): 433-441.
  • Roma, P., Monaro, M., and Mezza, C. (2021). COVID-19 Outbreak and Beyond – Psychological and Behavioural Responses and Future Perspectives. Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
  • Pellerano, J.A., Price, M.K.., Puller, S.L. and Sanchez, G.E. (2017). Do intrinsicincentives undermine social norms? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Energy Conservation. Environment and Resource Economics 67(3): 413-428.
  • Ritvala, T., Salmi A. and Andersson, P. (2014). MNCs and local cross-sector partnerships: The case of smarter Baltic Sea, Int. Business Rev., 23(5): 942-951.
  • Ryan, A., and O’Malley, L. (2016). The role of the boundary spanner in bringing abou innovation in cross-sector partnerships. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 12(1): 1-9.
  • Siematycki, M. (2012). The Theory and Practice of Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships Revisited: The Case of the Transportation Sector. Semantic Scholar.org: 1-38.
  • Silverman, D. (2013). Doing Qualitative Research. A ractical Handbook Fourth Edition. Sage. ISBN 978-1446260159.
  • Stadtler, L., 2015. Designing public–private partnerships for development. Business & Society, 54(3): 406-421.
  • Tahir, S. (2017). Islamic Economics and Prospects for theoretical and Empirical Research. King Abdulaziz University. Islamic Economics, (30): 1, 1-9.
  • Viscusi, W.K., Harrington, J.E., Sappington, D.E.M. (2018). Economics of regulation and antitrust (5th ed.), The MIT Press.
  • Vollan, B. (2008). Socio-ecological explanations for crowdingout effects from economic fild experiments in southern Africa. Ecological Econ., 67(4): 560-573.
  • Vopni, L. Collaboration in a crisis: Cross-sector responses to the Ebola pandemic. Mst Social Innovation 2020. Cambridge Centre for Social Intervention. Research Report Summary.
  • WHO, (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on people’s livelihood, their health and our food systems. Joint statement by ILO, FAO, IFAD and WHO.
  • Williams, T.A. Shepherd, D.A. (2017). Building resilience of providing sustenance. Different paths of emergent ventures in the aftermath of the Haiti Earthquake. Academic Management Journal, 59(2016): 2069-2102.
  • Yin, R.K. (2013). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications.
  • Zaato, J., & Hudon, P.A. (2015). Governance Lessons from public-private partnerships: examining two cases in the Greater Ottawa Region. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance: 1-16.
  • Zamoun K., & Gorpe, T.S. (2018). 1. College of Communication, University of Sharjah, UAE.
  • Zu, P., Huo, D., Li, M. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong province, China. Global Health Research & Policy, 5(41): 1-14.
  • Zutshi, A., Mendy, J, Sharma, G.D., Thomas, A., Sarker,T. (2021). From Challenges to Creativity: Enhancing SMEs’ Resilience in the context of COVID-19. Sustainability, (13): 6542. http://doi.org/10.3390/su13126542.

Empowering small businesses in a pandemic: Governance of cross-sector responses

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 14 - 20, 01.07.2022

Abstract

Governance of cross-sector partnerships involving the public and private sector actors has been explored in literature. However, little is known about a complicated governance arrangement involving multiple actors including informal sector players and market women in response to a pandemic to achieve an unprecedented outcome. The study focused on the implications of standards and regulations imposed by government and its agencies on small and female-owned enterprises producing PPEs in a partnership arrangement to address the Covid-19 pandemic in Ghana. Following the analysis of data collected qualitatively from 38 participants to explore the phenomenon, the findings concluded suggest that business associations can play a vital role to support and empower small businesses in complicated governance arrangements in a time of crisis. The study recommends that government agencies should be creative in the enforcement of standards and regulations to empower small businesses taking initiatives to respond to a pandemic while sustaining their livelihoods.

Project Number

Not Applicable

References

  • Ahmad, M., Akhtar, N,. Jabeen, G., Irfan, M., Anser, Khalid. M., Wu, H. and Isik, C. (2021). Intention-based critical factors Affecting Willingness to Adopt Novel Coronavirus Prevention in Pakistan: Implications for Future Pandemics. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021/8 6167. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph 18116167.
  • Al-Tabbaa, O., Leach, D., and Khan, Z. (2019). Examining alliance management capabilities in cross-sector collaborative partnerships. Journal of Business Research, (101): 268-284.
  • Alves, J.C., Lok, T.C., Luo, Y. and Haq, W. (2020). Crisis Management for Small Business during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Survival, Resilience & Renewal Strategies of Firms in Macau. City University of Macau. Research Square (1): 1-29.
  • Akugri, M.S., Bagah, D.A. and Wulifan, J. (2015). The Contributions of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to Economic Growth: A Cross Sectional Study of Zebilla in the Bawku West District of Northern Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(9).
  • Austin, J. (2000). Strategic collaboration between non-profits and business. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly, (29): 69-97.
  • Berroni, P. Gerlabert, L. Massa-Saluzzo, F. and Rousseau, H.E. (2016). Understanding Community dynamics in the study f grand challenges; How nonprofits, institutional actors, and the community fabric interact to influence income inequality. Academy of Management Journal, (59): 1940-1964.
  • Boin, A, Comfort, L.K., and Demchak, C.C. (2010). Designing resilience. Preparing for extreme events. Uni. of Pittsburg Press, Pittsburg, PA: 1-12.
  • Borgatti, S.P. and Halgin, D.S. (2011). On Network Theory, Organization Science, (22): 1168-1181.
  • Braun. V., and Clarke, V. (2013). APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology: Vol. 2. Research Designs, H. Cooper (Editor-in-Chief).
  • Cacciattolo, M. (2015). Ethical Considerations in Research. In: Vicar M., Steinberg, S. McKenna T. and Cacciottolo, M. (Eds.) The Praxis of English Language Teaching & Learning. Critical New Lit. Sense, Rotterdam. 61-79.
  • Clarke, A. and Crane, A., (2018). Cross Sector partnerships for Systemic Change: Systematized Literature Review and Agenda for Further Research. Journal of Business Ethics, (150): 303-313.
  • Creswell, J.W., and Creswell, J.D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (5th Edition). SAGE Publications.
  • Cuevas-Rodriguez, G., Gomez-Meija, L.R. and Weiseman, R.M. (2012). Has Agency Theory Run as Course? Making them to inform the man. of reward systems more flexible. Corporate Governance Int. Rev., 20(6):526- 546.
  • Dentoni, D, Bitzer, V. and Schouten G., (2018). Harnessing Wicked Problems in Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships. Business Ethics, (150): 333-356.
  • Devanga, S.R. (2014). Thin vs. Thick Descriptions. A critical Analysis of Representations of CSD Literature. Clinical Aphasiology Paper. 1-3.
  • Djoble-D’Almeida, A.P. (2020). Managing Citizen Engagement: Public-private partnership governance in selected Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies in Ghana. (Unpublished Thesis submitted to Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration for the Award of a PhD Degree in Public Administration: 1-285.
  • Donahue, J.D., and Zeckhauser, R. (2006). Collaborative Governance. Princeton University Press, pp. 496-525 In Oxford Handbook of Public Policy. Oxford University Press.
  • Duan, T., Sun, Zhonggen. and Shi, G. (2021). Sustained effects of government response on the COVID-19 Infection rate in China. A Multiple meditation analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research in Public Health 2021. 18, 12422, doi:10.3390/ijerph 182312422.
  • Geertz, C., 1973. The interpretation of cultures. New York, N.Y: Basic Books.
  • Hodge, G., and Greve, C. (2017). Contemporary Public-private partnership. Towards a global research agenda. Fin. Accounting & Management, (34):3- 16.
  • ILO, (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on people’s livelihood, their health and our food systems. Joint statement by ILO, FAO, IFAD and WHO.
  • Irfan, S. (2020). Understanding inter-organizational relationships in public-privte partnerships: a study of educational PPPs in Pakistan.
  • Li, D., Dong and Chuanwen, D. (2021. Government regulations to mitigate the shortage of life-saving goods in the face of a pandemic. European Journal of Operational Research.
  • Lone, S.A., Ahmad, A. (2020) Covid-19 pandemic- an African perspective. Emerging microbes and infections, 9(1):1300-1308.
  • Mandl, C., Berger, E.S.C. and Kuckertz, A. (2016). Do you plead guilty? Exploring entrepreneurs’ sensemaking behavior link after business failure. Journal of Business Ventures Insights, Volume 5 (2016): 9-13.
  • Martinelli, E., Tagliazucchi, G., and Marchi, G. (2018). The resilient retail entrepreneur: Dynamic capabilities for facing natural disasters. International Journal for for Entrepreneurial Behavour Resilience (21): 1222-1243.
  • Norhstedt D., Bynander F., Parker, C., and Hart. (2018). Managing Crises Collaboratively:Prospects and Problems – A systematic Literature Review. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 257-271.
  • OECD (2020). Policy responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Regulatory quality and COVID-19: The use of regulatory management tools in a time of crisis.
  • Ochi, S., So, M., Hashimoto, S., Denda, K,. and Sekizawa, Y. (2021). Behavioural Factors Associated with COVID-19 Risk: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18 12184.
  • Omobowale, E.B., Kuziw M., Naylor, M., Daar, A.S. and Singer, P.A. (2010). Addressing Conflict of Interests in PPPs. BMC International Health, Human Rights, Open Access: 1-7.
  • Parpia, A.S., Ndeffo Mbah M.L., Wwnzel, N.S. and Galvani, A.P., 2016. Effects of response to the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak on deaths from malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis, West Africa. Emergin. Infect Dis. 22(93): 433-441.
  • Roma, P., Monaro, M., and Mezza, C. (2021). COVID-19 Outbreak and Beyond – Psychological and Behavioural Responses and Future Perspectives. Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
  • Pellerano, J.A., Price, M.K.., Puller, S.L. and Sanchez, G.E. (2017). Do intrinsicincentives undermine social norms? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Energy Conservation. Environment and Resource Economics 67(3): 413-428.
  • Ritvala, T., Salmi A. and Andersson, P. (2014). MNCs and local cross-sector partnerships: The case of smarter Baltic Sea, Int. Business Rev., 23(5): 942-951.
  • Ryan, A., and O’Malley, L. (2016). The role of the boundary spanner in bringing abou innovation in cross-sector partnerships. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 12(1): 1-9.
  • Siematycki, M. (2012). The Theory and Practice of Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships Revisited: The Case of the Transportation Sector. Semantic Scholar.org: 1-38.
  • Silverman, D. (2013). Doing Qualitative Research. A ractical Handbook Fourth Edition. Sage. ISBN 978-1446260159.
  • Stadtler, L., 2015. Designing public–private partnerships for development. Business & Society, 54(3): 406-421.
  • Tahir, S. (2017). Islamic Economics and Prospects for theoretical and Empirical Research. King Abdulaziz University. Islamic Economics, (30): 1, 1-9.
  • Viscusi, W.K., Harrington, J.E., Sappington, D.E.M. (2018). Economics of regulation and antitrust (5th ed.), The MIT Press.
  • Vollan, B. (2008). Socio-ecological explanations for crowdingout effects from economic fild experiments in southern Africa. Ecological Econ., 67(4): 560-573.
  • Vopni, L. Collaboration in a crisis: Cross-sector responses to the Ebola pandemic. Mst Social Innovation 2020. Cambridge Centre for Social Intervention. Research Report Summary.
  • WHO, (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on people’s livelihood, their health and our food systems. Joint statement by ILO, FAO, IFAD and WHO.
  • Williams, T.A. Shepherd, D.A. (2017). Building resilience of providing sustenance. Different paths of emergent ventures in the aftermath of the Haiti Earthquake. Academic Management Journal, 59(2016): 2069-2102.
  • Yin, R.K. (2013). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications.
  • Zaato, J., & Hudon, P.A. (2015). Governance Lessons from public-private partnerships: examining two cases in the Greater Ottawa Region. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance: 1-16.
  • Zamoun K., & Gorpe, T.S. (2018). 1. College of Communication, University of Sharjah, UAE.
  • Zu, P., Huo, D., Li, M. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong province, China. Global Health Research & Policy, 5(41): 1-14.
  • Zutshi, A., Mendy, J, Sharma, G.D., Thomas, A., Sarker,T. (2021). From Challenges to Creativity: Enhancing SMEs’ Resilience in the context of COVID-19. Sustainability, (13): 6542. http://doi.org/10.3390/su13126542.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Anita Djoble-d’almeida 0000-0002-4412-3745

Elizabeth Gianna Boye This is me

Marcel Djoble D’almeıda This is me

Project Number Not Applicable
Publication Date July 1, 2022
Submission Date March 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Djoble-d’almeida, A., Boye, E. G., & Djoble D’almeıda, M. (2022). Empowering small businesses in a pandemic: Governance of cross-sector responses. Journal of Ekonomi, 4(1), 14-20.

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