Empowering small businesses in a pandemic: Governance of cross-sector responses
Year 2022,
Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 14 - 20, 01.07.2022
Anita Djoble-d’almeida
,
Elizabeth Gianna Boye
Marcel Djoble D’almeıda
Abstract
Governance of cross-sector partnerships involving the public and private sector actors has been explored in literature. However, little is known about a complicated governance arrangement involving multiple actors including informal sector players and market women in response to a pandemic to achieve an unprecedented outcome. The study focused on the implications of standards and regulations imposed by government and its agencies on small and female-owned enterprises producing PPEs in a partnership arrangement to address the Covid-19 pandemic in Ghana. Following the analysis of data collected qualitatively from 38 participants to explore the phenomenon, the findings concluded suggest that business associations can play a vital role to support and empower small businesses in complicated governance arrangements in a time of crisis. The study recommends that government agencies should be creative in the enforcement of standards and regulations to empower small businesses taking initiatives to respond to a pandemic while sustaining their livelihoods.
Supporting Institution
Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration
Project Number
Not Applicable
References
- Ahmad, M., Akhtar, N,. Jabeen, G., Irfan, M., Anser, Khalid. M., Wu, H. and Isik, C. (2021). Intention-based critical factors Affecting Willingness to Adopt Novel Coronavirus Prevention in Pakistan: Implications for Future Pandemics. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021/8 6167. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph 18116167.
- Al-Tabbaa, O., Leach, D., and Khan, Z. (2019). Examining alliance management capabilities in cross-sector collaborative partnerships. Journal of Business Research, (101): 268-284.
- Alves, J.C., Lok, T.C., Luo, Y. and Haq, W. (2020). Crisis Management for Small Business during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Survival, Resilience & Renewal Strategies of Firms in Macau. City University of Macau. Research Square (1): 1-29.
- Akugri, M.S., Bagah, D.A. and Wulifan, J. (2015). The Contributions of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to Economic Growth: A Cross Sectional Study of Zebilla in the Bawku West District of Northern Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(9).
- Austin, J. (2000). Strategic collaboration between non-profits and business. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly, (29): 69-97.
- Berroni, P. Gerlabert, L. Massa-Saluzzo, F. and Rousseau, H.E. (2016). Understanding Community dynamics in the study f grand challenges; How nonprofits, institutional actors, and the community fabric interact to influence income inequality. Academy of Management Journal, (59): 1940-1964.
- Boin, A, Comfort, L.K., and Demchak, C.C. (2010). Designing resilience. Preparing for extreme events. Uni. of Pittsburg Press, Pittsburg, PA: 1-12.
- Borgatti, S.P. and Halgin, D.S. (2011). On Network Theory, Organization Science, (22): 1168-1181.
- Braun. V., and Clarke, V. (2013). APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology: Vol. 2. Research Designs, H. Cooper (Editor-in-Chief).
- Cacciattolo, M. (2015). Ethical Considerations in Research. In: Vicar M., Steinberg, S. McKenna T. and Cacciottolo, M. (Eds.) The Praxis of English Language Teaching & Learning. Critical New Lit. Sense, Rotterdam. 61-79.
- Clarke, A. and Crane, A., (2018). Cross Sector partnerships for Systemic Change: Systematized Literature Review and Agenda for Further Research. Journal of Business Ethics, (150): 303-313.
- Creswell, J.W., and Creswell, J.D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (5th Edition). SAGE Publications.
- Cuevas-Rodriguez, G., Gomez-Meija, L.R. and Weiseman, R.M. (2012). Has Agency Theory Run as Course? Making them to inform the man. of reward systems more flexible. Corporate Governance Int. Rev., 20(6):526- 546.
- Dentoni, D, Bitzer, V. and Schouten G., (2018). Harnessing Wicked Problems in Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships. Business Ethics, (150): 333-356.
- Devanga, S.R. (2014). Thin vs. Thick Descriptions. A critical Analysis of Representations of CSD Literature. Clinical Aphasiology Paper. 1-3.
- Djoble-D’Almeida, A.P. (2020). Managing Citizen Engagement: Public-private partnership governance in selected Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies in Ghana. (Unpublished Thesis submitted to Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration for the Award of a PhD Degree in Public Administration: 1-285.
- Donahue, J.D., and Zeckhauser, R. (2006). Collaborative Governance. Princeton University Press, pp. 496-525 In Oxford Handbook of Public Policy. Oxford University Press.
- Duan, T., Sun, Zhonggen. and Shi, G. (2021). Sustained effects of government response on the COVID-19 Infection rate in China. A Multiple meditation analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research in Public Health 2021. 18, 12422, doi:10.3390/ijerph 182312422.
- Geertz, C., 1973. The interpretation of cultures. New York, N.Y: Basic Books.
- Hodge, G., and Greve, C. (2017). Contemporary Public-private partnership. Towards a global research agenda. Fin. Accounting & Management, (34):3- 16.
- ILO, (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on people’s livelihood, their health and our food systems. Joint statement by ILO, FAO, IFAD and WHO.
- Irfan, S. (2020). Understanding inter-organizational relationships in public-privte partnerships: a study of educational PPPs in Pakistan.
- Li, D., Dong and Chuanwen, D. (2021. Government regulations to mitigate the shortage of life-saving goods in the face of a pandemic. European Journal of Operational Research.
- Lone, S.A., Ahmad, A. (2020) Covid-19 pandemic- an African perspective. Emerging microbes and infections, 9(1):1300-1308.
- Mandl, C., Berger, E.S.C. and Kuckertz, A. (2016). Do you plead guilty? Exploring entrepreneurs’ sensemaking behavior link after business failure. Journal of Business Ventures Insights, Volume 5 (2016): 9-13.
- Martinelli, E., Tagliazucchi, G., and Marchi, G. (2018). The resilient retail entrepreneur: Dynamic capabilities for facing natural disasters. International Journal for for Entrepreneurial Behavour Resilience (21): 1222-1243.
- Norhstedt D., Bynander F., Parker, C., and Hart. (2018). Managing Crises Collaboratively:Prospects and Problems – A systematic Literature Review. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 257-271.
- OECD (2020). Policy responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Regulatory quality and COVID-19: The use of regulatory management tools in a time of crisis.
- Ochi, S., So, M., Hashimoto, S., Denda, K,. and Sekizawa, Y. (2021). Behavioural Factors Associated with COVID-19 Risk: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18 12184.
- Omobowale, E.B., Kuziw M., Naylor, M., Daar, A.S. and Singer, P.A. (2010). Addressing Conflict of Interests in PPPs. BMC International Health, Human Rights, Open Access: 1-7.
- Parpia, A.S., Ndeffo Mbah M.L., Wwnzel, N.S. and Galvani, A.P., 2016. Effects of response to the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak on deaths from malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis, West Africa. Emergin. Infect Dis. 22(93): 433-441.
- Roma, P., Monaro, M., and Mezza, C. (2021). COVID-19 Outbreak and Beyond – Psychological and Behavioural Responses and Future Perspectives. Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
- Pellerano, J.A., Price, M.K.., Puller, S.L. and Sanchez, G.E. (2017). Do intrinsicincentives undermine social norms? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Energy Conservation. Environment and Resource Economics 67(3): 413-428.
- Ritvala, T., Salmi A. and Andersson, P. (2014). MNCs and local cross-sector partnerships: The case of smarter Baltic Sea, Int. Business Rev., 23(5): 942-951.
- Ryan, A., and O’Malley, L. (2016). The role of the boundary spanner in bringing abou innovation in cross-sector partnerships. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 12(1): 1-9.
- Siematycki, M. (2012). The Theory and Practice of Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships Revisited: The Case of the Transportation Sector. Semantic Scholar.org: 1-38.
- Silverman, D. (2013). Doing Qualitative Research. A ractical Handbook Fourth Edition. Sage. ISBN 978-1446260159.
- Stadtler, L., 2015. Designing public–private partnerships for development. Business & Society, 54(3): 406-421.
- Tahir, S. (2017). Islamic Economics and Prospects for theoretical and Empirical Research. King Abdulaziz University. Islamic Economics, (30): 1, 1-9.
- Viscusi, W.K., Harrington, J.E., Sappington, D.E.M. (2018). Economics of regulation and antitrust (5th ed.), The MIT Press.
- Vollan, B. (2008). Socio-ecological explanations for crowdingout effects from economic fild experiments in southern Africa. Ecological Econ., 67(4): 560-573.
- Vopni, L. Collaboration in a crisis: Cross-sector responses to the Ebola pandemic. Mst Social Innovation 2020. Cambridge Centre for Social Intervention. Research Report Summary.
- WHO, (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on people’s livelihood, their health and our food systems. Joint statement by ILO, FAO, IFAD and WHO.
- Williams, T.A. Shepherd, D.A. (2017). Building resilience of providing sustenance. Different paths of emergent ventures in the aftermath of the Haiti Earthquake. Academic Management Journal, 59(2016): 2069-2102.
- Yin, R.K. (2013). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications.
- Zaato, J., & Hudon, P.A. (2015). Governance Lessons from public-private partnerships: examining two cases in the Greater Ottawa Region. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance: 1-16.
- Zamoun K., & Gorpe, T.S. (2018). 1. College of Communication, University of Sharjah, UAE.
- Zu, P., Huo, D., Li, M. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong province, China. Global Health Research & Policy, 5(41): 1-14.
- Zutshi, A., Mendy, J, Sharma, G.D., Thomas, A., Sarker,T. (2021). From Challenges to Creativity: Enhancing SMEs’ Resilience in the context of COVID-19. Sustainability, (13): 6542. http://doi.org/10.3390/su13126542.
Empowering small businesses in a pandemic: Governance of cross-sector responses
Year 2022,
Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 14 - 20, 01.07.2022
Anita Djoble-d’almeida
,
Elizabeth Gianna Boye
Marcel Djoble D’almeıda
Abstract
Governance of cross-sector partnerships involving the public and private sector actors has been explored in literature. However, little is known about a complicated governance arrangement involving multiple actors including informal sector players and market women in response to a pandemic to achieve an unprecedented outcome. The study focused on the implications of standards and regulations imposed by government and its agencies on small and female-owned enterprises producing PPEs in a partnership arrangement to address the Covid-19 pandemic in Ghana. Following the analysis of data collected qualitatively from 38 participants to explore the phenomenon, the findings concluded suggest that business associations can play a vital role to support and empower small businesses in complicated governance arrangements in a time of crisis. The study recommends that government agencies should be creative in the enforcement of standards and regulations to empower small businesses taking initiatives to respond to a pandemic while sustaining their livelihoods.
Project Number
Not Applicable
References
- Ahmad, M., Akhtar, N,. Jabeen, G., Irfan, M., Anser, Khalid. M., Wu, H. and Isik, C. (2021). Intention-based critical factors Affecting Willingness to Adopt Novel Coronavirus Prevention in Pakistan: Implications for Future Pandemics. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021/8 6167. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph 18116167.
- Al-Tabbaa, O., Leach, D., and Khan, Z. (2019). Examining alliance management capabilities in cross-sector collaborative partnerships. Journal of Business Research, (101): 268-284.
- Alves, J.C., Lok, T.C., Luo, Y. and Haq, W. (2020). Crisis Management for Small Business during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Survival, Resilience & Renewal Strategies of Firms in Macau. City University of Macau. Research Square (1): 1-29.
- Akugri, M.S., Bagah, D.A. and Wulifan, J. (2015). The Contributions of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to Economic Growth: A Cross Sectional Study of Zebilla in the Bawku West District of Northern Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(9).
- Austin, J. (2000). Strategic collaboration between non-profits and business. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly, (29): 69-97.
- Berroni, P. Gerlabert, L. Massa-Saluzzo, F. and Rousseau, H.E. (2016). Understanding Community dynamics in the study f grand challenges; How nonprofits, institutional actors, and the community fabric interact to influence income inequality. Academy of Management Journal, (59): 1940-1964.
- Boin, A, Comfort, L.K., and Demchak, C.C. (2010). Designing resilience. Preparing for extreme events. Uni. of Pittsburg Press, Pittsburg, PA: 1-12.
- Borgatti, S.P. and Halgin, D.S. (2011). On Network Theory, Organization Science, (22): 1168-1181.
- Braun. V., and Clarke, V. (2013). APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology: Vol. 2. Research Designs, H. Cooper (Editor-in-Chief).
- Cacciattolo, M. (2015). Ethical Considerations in Research. In: Vicar M., Steinberg, S. McKenna T. and Cacciottolo, M. (Eds.) The Praxis of English Language Teaching & Learning. Critical New Lit. Sense, Rotterdam. 61-79.
- Clarke, A. and Crane, A., (2018). Cross Sector partnerships for Systemic Change: Systematized Literature Review and Agenda for Further Research. Journal of Business Ethics, (150): 303-313.
- Creswell, J.W., and Creswell, J.D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (5th Edition). SAGE Publications.
- Cuevas-Rodriguez, G., Gomez-Meija, L.R. and Weiseman, R.M. (2012). Has Agency Theory Run as Course? Making them to inform the man. of reward systems more flexible. Corporate Governance Int. Rev., 20(6):526- 546.
- Dentoni, D, Bitzer, V. and Schouten G., (2018). Harnessing Wicked Problems in Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships. Business Ethics, (150): 333-356.
- Devanga, S.R. (2014). Thin vs. Thick Descriptions. A critical Analysis of Representations of CSD Literature. Clinical Aphasiology Paper. 1-3.
- Djoble-D’Almeida, A.P. (2020). Managing Citizen Engagement: Public-private partnership governance in selected Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies in Ghana. (Unpublished Thesis submitted to Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration for the Award of a PhD Degree in Public Administration: 1-285.
- Donahue, J.D., and Zeckhauser, R. (2006). Collaborative Governance. Princeton University Press, pp. 496-525 In Oxford Handbook of Public Policy. Oxford University Press.
- Duan, T., Sun, Zhonggen. and Shi, G. (2021). Sustained effects of government response on the COVID-19 Infection rate in China. A Multiple meditation analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research in Public Health 2021. 18, 12422, doi:10.3390/ijerph 182312422.
- Geertz, C., 1973. The interpretation of cultures. New York, N.Y: Basic Books.
- Hodge, G., and Greve, C. (2017). Contemporary Public-private partnership. Towards a global research agenda. Fin. Accounting & Management, (34):3- 16.
- ILO, (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on people’s livelihood, their health and our food systems. Joint statement by ILO, FAO, IFAD and WHO.
- Irfan, S. (2020). Understanding inter-organizational relationships in public-privte partnerships: a study of educational PPPs in Pakistan.
- Li, D., Dong and Chuanwen, D. (2021. Government regulations to mitigate the shortage of life-saving goods in the face of a pandemic. European Journal of Operational Research.
- Lone, S.A., Ahmad, A. (2020) Covid-19 pandemic- an African perspective. Emerging microbes and infections, 9(1):1300-1308.
- Mandl, C., Berger, E.S.C. and Kuckertz, A. (2016). Do you plead guilty? Exploring entrepreneurs’ sensemaking behavior link after business failure. Journal of Business Ventures Insights, Volume 5 (2016): 9-13.
- Martinelli, E., Tagliazucchi, G., and Marchi, G. (2018). The resilient retail entrepreneur: Dynamic capabilities for facing natural disasters. International Journal for for Entrepreneurial Behavour Resilience (21): 1222-1243.
- Norhstedt D., Bynander F., Parker, C., and Hart. (2018). Managing Crises Collaboratively:Prospects and Problems – A systematic Literature Review. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 257-271.
- OECD (2020). Policy responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Regulatory quality and COVID-19: The use of regulatory management tools in a time of crisis.
- Ochi, S., So, M., Hashimoto, S., Denda, K,. and Sekizawa, Y. (2021). Behavioural Factors Associated with COVID-19 Risk: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18 12184.
- Omobowale, E.B., Kuziw M., Naylor, M., Daar, A.S. and Singer, P.A. (2010). Addressing Conflict of Interests in PPPs. BMC International Health, Human Rights, Open Access: 1-7.
- Parpia, A.S., Ndeffo Mbah M.L., Wwnzel, N.S. and Galvani, A.P., 2016. Effects of response to the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak on deaths from malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis, West Africa. Emergin. Infect Dis. 22(93): 433-441.
- Roma, P., Monaro, M., and Mezza, C. (2021). COVID-19 Outbreak and Beyond – Psychological and Behavioural Responses and Future Perspectives. Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
- Pellerano, J.A., Price, M.K.., Puller, S.L. and Sanchez, G.E. (2017). Do intrinsicincentives undermine social norms? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Energy Conservation. Environment and Resource Economics 67(3): 413-428.
- Ritvala, T., Salmi A. and Andersson, P. (2014). MNCs and local cross-sector partnerships: The case of smarter Baltic Sea, Int. Business Rev., 23(5): 942-951.
- Ryan, A., and O’Malley, L. (2016). The role of the boundary spanner in bringing abou innovation in cross-sector partnerships. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 12(1): 1-9.
- Siematycki, M. (2012). The Theory and Practice of Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships Revisited: The Case of the Transportation Sector. Semantic Scholar.org: 1-38.
- Silverman, D. (2013). Doing Qualitative Research. A ractical Handbook Fourth Edition. Sage. ISBN 978-1446260159.
- Stadtler, L., 2015. Designing public–private partnerships for development. Business & Society, 54(3): 406-421.
- Tahir, S. (2017). Islamic Economics and Prospects for theoretical and Empirical Research. King Abdulaziz University. Islamic Economics, (30): 1, 1-9.
- Viscusi, W.K., Harrington, J.E., Sappington, D.E.M. (2018). Economics of regulation and antitrust (5th ed.), The MIT Press.
- Vollan, B. (2008). Socio-ecological explanations for crowdingout effects from economic fild experiments in southern Africa. Ecological Econ., 67(4): 560-573.
- Vopni, L. Collaboration in a crisis: Cross-sector responses to the Ebola pandemic. Mst Social Innovation 2020. Cambridge Centre for Social Intervention. Research Report Summary.
- WHO, (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on people’s livelihood, their health and our food systems. Joint statement by ILO, FAO, IFAD and WHO.
- Williams, T.A. Shepherd, D.A. (2017). Building resilience of providing sustenance. Different paths of emergent ventures in the aftermath of the Haiti Earthquake. Academic Management Journal, 59(2016): 2069-2102.
- Yin, R.K. (2013). Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications.
- Zaato, J., & Hudon, P.A. (2015). Governance Lessons from public-private partnerships: examining two cases in the Greater Ottawa Region. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance: 1-16.
- Zamoun K., & Gorpe, T.S. (2018). 1. College of Communication, University of Sharjah, UAE.
- Zu, P., Huo, D., Li, M. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong province, China. Global Health Research & Policy, 5(41): 1-14.
- Zutshi, A., Mendy, J, Sharma, G.D., Thomas, A., Sarker,T. (2021). From Challenges to Creativity: Enhancing SMEs’ Resilience in the context of COVID-19. Sustainability, (13): 6542. http://doi.org/10.3390/su13126542.