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EFL students’ speaking anxiety: a case from tertiary level students

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 16 - 27, 23.01.2016

Öz

Anxiety is one of the key issues in the acquisition of speaking by EFL learners in instructed language teaching context. Although extensively studied, speaking anxiety, there are still areas to be explored. With this in mind, this study investigates the causes of anxiety among foreign language learners with special refernce to “speaking” as a  skill. The major aim is to find out to what extent different variables such as proficiency level, onset of learning, and gender affect speaking anxiety. In addition, how these variables are connected to different types of anxieties such as speaking, preparedness, question-answer, test, discussion, public speaking, error correction was investigated. The study was conducted at preparatory school of a private university. A Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to 159 prep class students to collect a set of data. In the first part, personal information was elicited, while in the second, the participants were given an adapted version of the Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety Scale (FLSAS), developed by Huang (2004). The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed through Independent-Samples T-Test, ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test by using SPSS. It was found that degrees of anxiety differ in terms of the mode and context of speaking. More specifically, students experience less anxiety in non-threatening contexts where they speak. The study offers implications for instructors and curriculum designers with regard to teaching and testing speaking skills. Rather than one-shot exam sessions, speaking skills should be taught in socially non-threatening settings to allow for greater learner performance.

 

Keywords: Speaking anxiety, testing anxiety, proficiency, student anxiety  

Kaynakça

  • Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope‟s construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal, 78, 155-168.
  • Aydın, B. (2001). A study of sources of foreign language classroom anxiety in speaking and writing classes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University, Eskişehir.
  • Balemir, S. H. (2009). The sources of foreign language speaking anxiety and the relationship between proficiency level and the degree of foreign language speaking anxiety (Unpublished master‟s thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Batumlu, Z. D., & Erden, M. (2007). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksek Okulu hazırlık öğrencilerinin yabancı dil kaygıları ile İngilizce başarıları arasındaki ilişki. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 3(1), 24-38.
  • Brown, H. D. (2001). Principles of language learning and teaching. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 141-142.
  • Chaokongjakra, W. (2013). Speaking Anxiety in Foreign Language Learners.วารสาร รร าส ร , 31(2).
  • Chastain, K. (1975). Affective and ability factors in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 25, 153-161.
  • Chen, T-Y., & Chang. G.B. (2004). The relationship between foreign language anxiety and learning difficulties. Foreign Language Annals. 37(2), 279-289.
  • Chiang, M. C. (2012). The relationship between foreign language anxiety and foreign language speaking proficiency among elementary school students in Taiwan (Doctoral dissertation, Ming Chuan University).
  • Çubukçu, F. (2008). A study on the correlation between self-efficacy and foreign language learning anxiety. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education, 4 (1):148-158.
  • Elkhafaifi, H. (2005). Listening comprehension and anxiety in the Arabic language classroom. Modern Language Journal, 89(9), 206-220.
  • Ehrman, M. E. & Oxford, R. L. (1995). Cognition plus: Correlates of language learning success. Modern Language Journal, 79(1), 67-89.
  • Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, B. M., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
  • Huang, H. (2004). The relationship between learning motivation and speaking anxiety among EFL non-English major freshmen in Taiwan. Unpublished master's thesis, Chaoyang University of Technology.
  • Humphries, R. (2011). Language anxiety in international students. Griffith Working Papers in Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication 4, 1/2 (2011), 65‐77.
  • Kayaoğlu, M. N., & Sağlamel, H. (2013). Students‟ Perceptions of Language Anxiety in Speaking Classes. Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 142-160.
  • Kleinmann, H. H. (1977). Avoidance behavior in adult second language acquisition. Language Learning, 27, 93-107.
  • Krashen, S. (1985). The Input Hypothesis. London: Longman.
  • Lan, Y.J. (2010). A study of Taiwanese 7th graders‟ foreign language anxiety, beliefs about language learning and its relationship with their English achievement. (Master‟s thesis). Ming Chuan University, Taiwan.
  • Liu, M. (2006). Anxiety in Chinese EFL students at different proficiency levels. System, 34(3), 301-316.
  • Liu, M. & Jackson,J., (2008). An exploration of Chinese EFL learners‟ unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety. Mod. Lang. J. 92, 71-86.
  • Luo, H. (2014). Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: A Study of Chinese Language Learners. Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages, 15, 99-117.
  • MacIntyre, P. D. (1999) Language anxiety: a review of the research for language teachers. In D. J. Young (Ed.) Affect in foreign language and second language learning: a practical guide to creating a low-anxiety classroom atmosphere. Boston: McGraw- Hill.
  • MacIntyre, P. D. & R. C. Gardner. (1991). Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41, 85-117.
  • Mahmoodzadeh, M. (2012). Investigating foreign language speaking anxiety within the EFL learner's interlanguage system: The case of Iranian learners. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(3), 466-476.
  • Melouah, A. (2013). Foreign Language Anxiety in EFL Speaking Classrooms: A Case Study of First-year LMD Students of English at Saad Dahlab University of Blida, Algeria. Arab World English Journal, 4(1), 64-76.
  • Mohamad, A.R. & Wahid N. D. (2009) Anxiety and speaking English as a second language among male and female business students in University Industry Selangor. Segi Review 2, 2, 65-84.
  • Na, Z. (2007). A study of high school students‟ English learning anxiety. The Asian EFL Journal, 9(3), 22-34.
  • Naghadeh, S.A., Naghadeh, N.A., & Naghadeh, M.A. (2013). Gender Differences in Anxiety and Speaking English as a Second language among Iranian English Major Students of Payame Noor University. International Journal of Applied Linguistic Studies,2(4), 70- 76.
  • Noormohamadi, R. (2009). On the relationship between language learning strategies and foreign language anxiety. Pan-pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 39-52.
  • Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2014). Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(1), 1-17.
  • Palacios, L. M. (1998). Foreign language anxiety and classroom environment: A study of Spanish university students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin.
  • Park, G. P., & French, B. F. (2013). Gender differences in the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale. System, 41(2), 462-471.
  • Price, M.L. (1991). The subjective experience of foreign language anxiety: Interviews with highly anxious students. In E. K.
  • Rachman S. (1998) Anxiety, Psychology Press, Hove, East Sussex, UK,
  • Scovel, T. (1978). The effect of affect on foreign language learning: a review of the anxiety research. Language Learning, 28, 128-142.
  • Spielberger, C. Manual of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983.
  • Subaşı. G. (2010). What are the main sources of Turkish EFL students‟ anxiety in oral practice: Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry. 1(2). 29-49. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
  • Suleimenova, Z. (2013). Speaking Anxiety in a Foreign Language Classroom in Kazakhstan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1860-1868.
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Anxiety and behavior. Academic Press.
  • Şener, S. (2015). Foreign Language Learning Anxiety And Achievement: A Case Study of The Students Studying At Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10(3), p. 875-890, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/ Turkish Studies.7732, ANKARA-TURKEY
  • Tsiplakides, I., & Keramida, A. (2009). Helping students overcome foreign language speaking anxiety in the English classroom: Theoretical issues and practical recommendations. International Education Studies, 2(4), P39.
  • Tüm, D. Ö., & Kunt, N. (2013). Speaking Anxiety among EFL Student Teachers. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(28-3).
  • Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC, 37(3), 308- 328.
  • Wu, J. Y. (2005). The correlation between language anxiety and English speaking proficiency for the 3rd-graders and the 6th-graders in an elementary school. (Master thesis). National Cheng Kung University.
Yıl 2015, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 16 - 27, 23.01.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope‟s construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal, 78, 155-168.
  • Aydın, B. (2001). A study of sources of foreign language classroom anxiety in speaking and writing classes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University, Eskişehir.
  • Balemir, S. H. (2009). The sources of foreign language speaking anxiety and the relationship between proficiency level and the degree of foreign language speaking anxiety (Unpublished master‟s thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Batumlu, Z. D., & Erden, M. (2007). Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Yabancı Diller Yüksek Okulu hazırlık öğrencilerinin yabancı dil kaygıları ile İngilizce başarıları arasındaki ilişki. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 3(1), 24-38.
  • Brown, H. D. (2001). Principles of language learning and teaching. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 141-142.
  • Chaokongjakra, W. (2013). Speaking Anxiety in Foreign Language Learners.วารสาร รร าส ร , 31(2).
  • Chastain, K. (1975). Affective and ability factors in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 25, 153-161.
  • Chen, T-Y., & Chang. G.B. (2004). The relationship between foreign language anxiety and learning difficulties. Foreign Language Annals. 37(2), 279-289.
  • Chiang, M. C. (2012). The relationship between foreign language anxiety and foreign language speaking proficiency among elementary school students in Taiwan (Doctoral dissertation, Ming Chuan University).
  • Çubukçu, F. (2008). A study on the correlation between self-efficacy and foreign language learning anxiety. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Education, 4 (1):148-158.
  • Elkhafaifi, H. (2005). Listening comprehension and anxiety in the Arabic language classroom. Modern Language Journal, 89(9), 206-220.
  • Ehrman, M. E. & Oxford, R. L. (1995). Cognition plus: Correlates of language learning success. Modern Language Journal, 79(1), 67-89.
  • Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, B. M., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
  • Huang, H. (2004). The relationship between learning motivation and speaking anxiety among EFL non-English major freshmen in Taiwan. Unpublished master's thesis, Chaoyang University of Technology.
  • Humphries, R. (2011). Language anxiety in international students. Griffith Working Papers in Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication 4, 1/2 (2011), 65‐77.
  • Kayaoğlu, M. N., & Sağlamel, H. (2013). Students‟ Perceptions of Language Anxiety in Speaking Classes. Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 142-160.
  • Kleinmann, H. H. (1977). Avoidance behavior in adult second language acquisition. Language Learning, 27, 93-107.
  • Krashen, S. (1985). The Input Hypothesis. London: Longman.
  • Lan, Y.J. (2010). A study of Taiwanese 7th graders‟ foreign language anxiety, beliefs about language learning and its relationship with their English achievement. (Master‟s thesis). Ming Chuan University, Taiwan.
  • Liu, M. (2006). Anxiety in Chinese EFL students at different proficiency levels. System, 34(3), 301-316.
  • Liu, M. & Jackson,J., (2008). An exploration of Chinese EFL learners‟ unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety. Mod. Lang. J. 92, 71-86.
  • Luo, H. (2014). Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: A Study of Chinese Language Learners. Journal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages, 15, 99-117.
  • MacIntyre, P. D. (1999) Language anxiety: a review of the research for language teachers. In D. J. Young (Ed.) Affect in foreign language and second language learning: a practical guide to creating a low-anxiety classroom atmosphere. Boston: McGraw- Hill.
  • MacIntyre, P. D. & R. C. Gardner. (1991). Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: A review of the literature. Language Learning, 41, 85-117.
  • Mahmoodzadeh, M. (2012). Investigating foreign language speaking anxiety within the EFL learner's interlanguage system: The case of Iranian learners. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(3), 466-476.
  • Melouah, A. (2013). Foreign Language Anxiety in EFL Speaking Classrooms: A Case Study of First-year LMD Students of English at Saad Dahlab University of Blida, Algeria. Arab World English Journal, 4(1), 64-76.
  • Mohamad, A.R. & Wahid N. D. (2009) Anxiety and speaking English as a second language among male and female business students in University Industry Selangor. Segi Review 2, 2, 65-84.
  • Na, Z. (2007). A study of high school students‟ English learning anxiety. The Asian EFL Journal, 9(3), 22-34.
  • Naghadeh, S.A., Naghadeh, N.A., & Naghadeh, M.A. (2013). Gender Differences in Anxiety and Speaking English as a Second language among Iranian English Major Students of Payame Noor University. International Journal of Applied Linguistic Studies,2(4), 70- 76.
  • Noormohamadi, R. (2009). On the relationship between language learning strategies and foreign language anxiety. Pan-pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 39-52.
  • Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2014). Speaking anxiety among Turkish EFL learners: The case at a state university. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(1), 1-17.
  • Palacios, L. M. (1998). Foreign language anxiety and classroom environment: A study of Spanish university students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin.
  • Park, G. P., & French, B. F. (2013). Gender differences in the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale. System, 41(2), 462-471.
  • Price, M.L. (1991). The subjective experience of foreign language anxiety: Interviews with highly anxious students. In E. K.
  • Rachman S. (1998) Anxiety, Psychology Press, Hove, East Sussex, UK,
  • Scovel, T. (1978). The effect of affect on foreign language learning: a review of the anxiety research. Language Learning, 28, 128-142.
  • Spielberger, C. Manual of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983.
  • Subaşı. G. (2010). What are the main sources of Turkish EFL students‟ anxiety in oral practice: Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry. 1(2). 29-49. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
  • Suleimenova, Z. (2013). Speaking Anxiety in a Foreign Language Classroom in Kazakhstan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 1860-1868.
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Anxiety and behavior. Academic Press.
  • Şener, S. (2015). Foreign Language Learning Anxiety And Achievement: A Case Study of The Students Studying At Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10(3), p. 875-890, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/ Turkish Studies.7732, ANKARA-TURKEY
  • Tsiplakides, I., & Keramida, A. (2009). Helping students overcome foreign language speaking anxiety in the English classroom: Theoretical issues and practical recommendations. International Education Studies, 2(4), P39.
  • Tüm, D. Ö., & Kunt, N. (2013). Speaking Anxiety among EFL Student Teachers. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(28-3).
  • Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC, 37(3), 308- 328.
  • Wu, J. Y. (2005). The correlation between language anxiety and English speaking proficiency for the 3rd-graders and the 6th-graders in an elementary school. (Master thesis). National Cheng Kung University.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm ELT Research Journal
Yazarlar

Gülşah Tercan

Kenan Dikilitaş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Ocak 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tercan, G., & Dikilitaş, K. (2016). EFL students’ speaking anxiety: a case from tertiary level students. ELT Research Journal, 4(1), 16-27.