Mezhepsel Gerilim ve Vekâlet Savaşları: İran Ezilen Şiileri Dış Politikada Nasıl Araçsallaştırıyor?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 593 - 624, 31.12.2024

Melih Kazdal , Mehmet Rakipoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18403/emakalat.1576021

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ortadoğu’nun çok dinli ve mezhepli yapısında Şiilerin durumunu ele almakta ve Irak, Bahreyn, Suudi Arabistan gibi ülkelerde Şii topluluklarına yönelik kötü muamelelerin İran’ın bu toplulukları vekil olarak kullanmasının zeminini nasıl hazırladığını incelemektedir. Araştırma Ortadoğu’daki Şii topluluklarının maruz kaldığı ayrımcılık ve baskının, İran’ın bu grupları bir dış politika aracı olarak kullanmasını kolaylaştırmakta mıdır sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Çalışmanın temel iddiası ise Ortadoğu’daki Arap devletlerinin, özellikle Suudi Arabistan, Bahreyn ve Irak, Şii topluluklarına yönelik uyguladığı ayrımcılığın İran’ın bu gruplar üzerinden nüfuz genişletmesine olanak sağladığı ve bu durumun bölgede mezhepçi tansiyonu yükselttiğidir. Bu bağlamda İran, Şiilere uygulanan baskıları kendi lehine çevirerek, bu grupları bölgedeki siyasi ayaklanmalarda kullanmakta ve kendisini bu grupların yegâne hamisi olarak konumlandırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam Mezhepleri, Mezhepsel Politikalar, Ayrımcılık, Şiilik, İran.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma Melih Kazdal’ın, “İran’ın Güvenlik Stratejisinde Vekâlet Savaşı Kullanımı: Irak, Suriye ve Yemen Örnekleri” adlı doktora tezinin bir alt başlığından türetilmiştir. Yazarlar çalışmaya eşit katkıda bulunmuştur.

Sectarian Tension and Proxy Wars: How Iran Instrumentalizes Oppressed Shiites in Foreign Policy?

Öz

This research investigates the status of Shia communities within the complex religious and sectarian framework of the Middle East, analyses how the persecution of Shia groups in nations such as Iraq, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia has enabled Iran to leverage these communities as proxies. This paper looks for an answer to the question of whether Iran's use of Shia communities as a foreign policy tool is facilitated by the discrimination and repression faced by Shia communities in the Middle East. The main argument of this paper is that Arab states' discrimination against Shia communities, particularly in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Iraq, has allowed Iran to expand its influence through these groups, thereby intensified sectarian tensions in the region. Within this framework, by capitalizing on the repression of Shia groups, Iran is utilizing them political disturbances in that region and positioning itself as the only protector of these groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic Sects, Sectarian Politics, Discrimination, Shiism, Iran.

Kaynakça

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