Evaluation of color stability of CAD/CAM materials polished with different systems

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the color changes of various computeraided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials polished with different polishing systems and immersed in various colored drinks. Materials and Methods: Three different resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (Cerasmart, Coltene Brilliant Crios, and SHOFU Block HC) were utilized. A total of 540 CAD/CAM blocks were prepared with a thickness of 2 mm and categorized into three main groups based on the polishing systems employed. The Sof-Lex, Identoflex, and Coltene Diatech polishing systems were administered to the materials. Subsequently, the specimens were further subdivided into three subgroups and immersed in three different colored solutions for one hour twice a day for 15 days. Filter coffee, cola, and distilled water served as the coloring agents. Color measurements were conducted at baseline and on Days 1, 7, and 15 using the VITA Easyshade compact spectrophotometer device. Results: By the end of Day 15, Cerasmart specimens exhibited the least color change when immersed in coffee and distilled water, whereas Coltene specimens demonstrated the least color change when subjected to cola. Irrespective of the CAD/CAM blocks and polishing systems utilized, a statistically significant difference was observed among the beverages (p<0.001). Particularly, coffee induced a more pronounced color change compared to the other beverages (p<0.001). Conclusion: The ΔE value increases proportionally with the duration of immersion in colored drinks. Specimens immersed in coffee displayed the highest color change for each CAD/CAM material.

Keywords

• CAD/CAM resin blocks
• polishing systems
• color change
• coffee
• beverage

References

1. Chu SJ, Trushkowsky RD, Paravina RD. Dental color matching instruments and systems. Review of clinical and research aspects. J Dent 2010;38:2-16. google scholar
2. Villarroel M, Fahl N, De Sousa AM, De Oliveira OB. Direct esthetic restorations based on translucency and opacity of composite resins. J Esthet Restor Dent 2011;23:73-87. google scholar
3. Duret F, Blouin JL, Duret B. CAD - CAM in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 1988;11:715-20. google scholar
4. Davidowitz G, Kotick PG. The use of CAD/CAM in dentistry. Dent Clin North Am 2011;55:559-70. google scholar
5. Leinfelder KF. Porcelain esthetics for the 21st century. J Am Dent Assoc 2000;131:47-51. google scholar
6. Awad D, Stawarczyk B, Liebermann A, et al: Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD/CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness. J Prosthet Dent 2015;113:534-40 google scholar
7. Dalkiz M, Sipahi C, Beydemir B. Effects of six surface treatment methods on the surface roughness of a low-fusing and a ultra low-fusing feldspathic ceramic materials. J Prosthodont 2009;18:217-22. google scholar
8. Spitznagel FA, Horvath SD, Guess PC, Blatz MB. Resin bond to indirect composite and new ceramic/polymer materials: a review of the literature. J Esthet Restor Dent 2014;26:382-93. google scholar

9. Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dent Mater 1997;13:258-69. google scholar
10. Yilmaz C, Korkmaz T, Demirkoprulu H, Ergun G, Ozkan Y. Color stability of glazed and polished dental porcelains. J Prosthodont 2008;17:20-4. google scholar
11. Steiner R, Beier US, Heiss-Kisielewsky I, Engelmeier R, Dumfahrt H, Dhima M. Adjusting dental ceramics: An in vitro evaluation of the ability of various ceramic polishing kits to mimic glazed dental ceramic surface. J Prosthet Den. 2015;113:616-22. google scholar
12. de Oliveira AL, Botta AC, Campos JA, Garcia PP. Effects of immersion media and repolishing on color stability and superficial morphology of nanofilled composite resin. Microsc Mikroanal 2014;20:1234-9. google scholar
13. Fontes ST, Fernandez MR, de Moura CM, Meireles SS. Color stability of a nanofill composite: effect of different immersion media. J Appl Oral Sci 2019;17:388-91. google scholar
14. Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Eren MM. Effects of sports drinks on color stability of nanofilled and mycrohybrid composites after long-term immersions. J Dent 2012;40:55-63. google scholar
15. Al-Angari NS, Quwayhis S, Almayouf N, Meaigel S, Aldahash A, Al-Angari S. Effect of staining and whitening systems on color stability of Computer aided design / Computer aided manufacturing lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Saudi Dent J 2023;35:359-64. google scholar
16. Alsayed H, Alaqeely R, Almazrouei N, Alzahrani M, Alzahrani F, Bin OA, Alshihri A. Tooth shade relationship with age, gender, and skin color in a Saudi population: a cross-sectional study. Appl. Sci 2022;12:6315. google scholar
17. Shiozawa M, Tsuchida Y, Suzuki T, Takahashi H. Discoloration of fiber-reinforced composite resin disc for computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing after immersion in coffee and cury solutions. Dent Mater J 2023;42:64-71. google scholar
18. Al-Angari NS, Quwayhis S, Almayouf N, Meaigel S, Aldahash A, Al-Angari S. Effect of staining and whitening systems on color stability of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Saudi Dent J 2023;35:359-64. google scholar
19. Motro PF, Kursoglu P, Kazazoglu E. Effects of different surface treatments on stainability of ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2012;108:231-7. google scholar
20. Aykent F, Yondem I, Ozyesil AG, Gunal SK, Avunduk MC, Ozkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent 2010;103:221-7. google scholar
21. Haralur SB. Evaluation of efficiency of manual polishing over autoglazed and overglazed porcelain and its effect on plaque accumulation. J Adv Prosthodont 2012;4:179-86. google scholar
22. Sagsoz O, Demirci T, Demirci G, Sagsoz NP, Yildiz M. The effects of different polishing techniques on the staining resistance of CAD/CAM resin-ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2016;8:417-22. google scholar
23. Schlichting LH, Maia HP, Baratieri LN, Magne P. Novel - design ultra-thin CAD/CAM composite resin and ceramic occlusal veneers for the treatment of severe dental erosion. J Prosthet Dent 2011;105:217-26. google scholar
24. Samra AP, Pereira SK, Delgado LC, Borges CP. Color stability evaluation of aesthetic restorative materials. Braz Oral Res 2008;22:205-10. google scholar
25. Stawarczyk B, Sener B, Trottmann A, Roos M, Ozcan M, Hammerle CH. Discoloration of manually fabricated resins and industrially fabricated CAD/CAM blocks versus glass-ceramic: effect of storage media, duration, and subsequent polishing. Dent Mater J 2012;31:377-83. google scholar
26. Acar O, Yilmaz B, Altintas SH, Chandrasekaran I, Johnston WM. Color stainability of CAD/CAM and nanocomposite resin materials. J Prosthet Dent 2016;115:71-75. google scholar
27. Um CM, Ruyter IE. Staining of resin-based veneering materials with coffee and tea. Quintessence Int 1991;22:377-86. google scholar
28. Khokhar ZA, Razzoog ME, Yaman P. Color stability of restorative resins. Quintessence Int 1991;22:733-7. google scholar
29. Robinson FG, Haywood VB, Myers M. Effect of 10 percent carbamide peroxide on color of provisional restoration materials. J Am Dent Assoc 1997;128:727-31. google scholar
30. Delwin TL, Alvin GW. Perceptibility and acceptability of CIELAB color differences in computer-simulated teeth. J Dent 2007;35:593-9. google scholar
31. Sarac S, Sarac D, Yuzbasıoglu E. Colorımetrıc evaluatıon of color differences of three dıfferent shade guıdes. Acta Odontol Turcica 2006;23:85-90. google scholar
32. Quek SHQ, Yap AUJ, Rosa V, Tan KBC, Teoh KH. Effect of staining beverages on color and translucency of CAD/CAM composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 2018;30:9-17. google scholar
33. Colombo M, Cavallo M, Miegge M, Dagna A, Beltrami R, Chiesa M, et al. Color stability of CAD/CAM Zirconia ceramics following exposure to acidic and staining drinks. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:1297-303. google scholar
34. Atay A, Karayazgan B, Ozkan Y, Akyil MS. Effect of colored beverages on the color stability of feldspathic porcelain subjected to various surface treatments. Quintessence Int 2009;40:41-8. google scholar
35. Kanat- Erturk B. Color Stability of CAD/CAM Ceramics Prepared with Different Surface Finishing Procedures. J Prosthodont 2020;29:166-72. google scholar
36. Engelhardt UH, Maier HG. Acids in coffee. XI. The proportion of individual acids in the total titratable acid. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1985;181:20-3. google scholar
37. Barutcugil C, Bilgili D, Barutcigil K, Dundar A, Buyukkaplan US, Yilmaz B. Discoloration and translucency changes of CAD-CAM materials after exposure to beverages. J Prosthet Dent 2019;122:325-31. google scholar
38. Alp G, Subasi MG, Johnston WM, Yilmaz B. Effect of surface treatments and coffee thermocycling on the color and translucency of CAD-CAM monolithic glass-ceramic. J Prosthet Dent 2018;120:263-8. google scholar