The performance of radiomorphometric indices in sex differentiation compared to the W index

Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe; Vanderlei César Brandão Junior; Alan Grupioni Lourenço; Marcelo Rodrigues Azenha; Luciana Munhoz

doi:10.26650/eor.20251569558

The performance of radiomorphometric indices in sex differentiation compared to the W index

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the W-Index (WI) in differentiating between males and females, in comparison with the main radiomorphometric indices: the Mental Index (MI), Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI), and Gonial Index (GI), in a group of healthy young adults.

Materials and Methods

Panoramic radiographic images from a group of 335 healthy young adults were retrospectively analyzed. Measurements of WI, PMI, MI, and GI were obtained. Statistical analysis included group comparisons, correlation assessments among the indices, and accuracy testing.

Results

Both the WI and PMI showed statistically significant differences between males and females (p < 0.001), whereas the MI and GI did not. The WI and PMI demonstrated satisfactory accuracy in distinguishing between sexes. When combined, WI and PMI improved classification accuracy. Higher values of WI and PMI were associated with males, while lower values were observed in females.

Conclusion

The combined use of WI and PMI represents a reliable and non-invasive approach for sex determination in clinical and forensic settings.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe
0000-0001-5524-1395
Brazil

Vanderlei César Brandão Junior
0009-0004-0512-2995
Brazil

Alan Grupioni Lourenço
0000-0002-4005-157X
Brazil

Marcelo Rodrigues Azenha
0000-0002-0029-7575
Brazil

Luciana Munhoz ^*
0000-0003-2375-5935
Brazil

Publication Date

April 29, 2026

Submission Date

November 1, 2024

Acceptance Date

April 19, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251569558

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85DJ66TC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Aranha Watanabe, P. C., Brandão Junior, V. C., Grupioni Lourenço, A., Azenha, M. R., & Munhoz, L. (2026). The performance of radiomorphometric indices in sex differentiation compared to the W index. European Oral Research, 1, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251569558

AMA

1.Aranha Watanabe PC, Brandão Junior VC, Grupioni Lourenço A, Azenha MR, Munhoz L. The performance of radiomorphometric indices in sex differentiation compared to the W index. EOR. 2026;(1):25-30. doi:10.26650/eor.20251569558

Chicago

Aranha Watanabe, Plauto Christopher, Vanderlei César Brandão Junior, Alan Grupioni Lourenço, Marcelo Rodrigues Azenha, and Luciana Munhoz. 2026. “The Performance of Radiomorphometric Indices in Sex Differentiation Compared to the W Index”. European Oral Research, no. 1: 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251569558.

EndNote

Aranha Watanabe PC, Brandão Junior VC, Grupioni Lourenço A, Azenha MR, Munhoz L (April 1, 2026) The performance of radiomorphometric indices in sex differentiation compared to the W index. European Oral Research 1 25–30.

IEEE

[1]P. C. Aranha Watanabe, V. C. Brandão Junior, A. Grupioni Lourenço, M. R. Azenha, and L. Munhoz, “The performance of radiomorphometric indices in sex differentiation compared to the W index”, EOR, no. 1, pp. 25–30, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.26650/eor.20251569558.

ISNAD

Aranha Watanabe, Plauto Christopher - Brandão Junior, Vanderlei César - Grupioni Lourenço, Alan - Azenha, Marcelo Rodrigues - Munhoz, Luciana. “The Performance of Radiomorphometric Indices in Sex Differentiation Compared to the W Index”. European Oral Research. 1 (April 1, 2026): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251569558.

JAMA

1.Aranha Watanabe PC, Brandão Junior VC, Grupioni Lourenço A, Azenha MR, Munhoz L. The performance of radiomorphometric indices in sex differentiation compared to the W index. EOR. 2026;:25–30.

MLA

Aranha Watanabe, Plauto Christopher, et al. “The Performance of Radiomorphometric Indices in Sex Differentiation Compared to the W Index”. European Oral Research, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 25-30, doi:10.26650/eor.20251569558.

Vancouver

1.Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe, Vanderlei César Brandão Junior, Alan Grupioni Lourenço, Marcelo Rodrigues Azenha, Luciana Munhoz. The performance of radiomorphometric indices in sex differentiation compared to the W index. EOR. 2026 Apr. 1;(1):25-30. doi:10.26650/eor.20251569558