Research Article

Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes

Volume: 60 Number: 1 September 7, 2026

Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes

Abstract

Purpose

This study evaluated the effects of different endodontic irrigation solutions on the solubility, color alteration, and surface roughness alterations of PD MTA and Biodentine.

Materials and methods

Cylindrical samples of PD MTA and Biodentine were prepared and subsequently immersed in distilled water, 17% EDTA, 5% NaOCl, 9% HEDP, and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solutions for 24 hours. Solubility was determined as the percentage mass loss at 24 h compared to initial values. Color alteration was analyzed using a spectrophotometer (CIE Lab system), and surface roughness (Ra and Sa) was measured with a confocal microscope. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests at a 5% significance threshold.

Results

No significant differences in solubility were observed between PD MTA and Biodentine, but EDTA and chitosan nanoparticles significantly increased solubility compared to other solutions (p<0.05). Biodentine exhibited greater color alteration than PD MTA for all solutions except distilled water (p<0.05), with NaOCl causing the most pronounced color alteration (p<0.05). PD MTA showed higher surface roughness before and after immersion (p<0.05), with HEDP inducing the greatest roughness alterations in both materials (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Endodontic irrigants affect the physical properties of hydraulic cements, with varying impacts on solubility, color alteration, and surface roughness. Selecting appropriate irrigation solutions is essential to maintaining material integrity and esthetic outcomes in clinical practice.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable

Thanks

None.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Endodontics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 7, 2026

Submission Date

October 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 27, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 60 Number: 1

APA
Usta, S. N., Keskin, C., Oktay, A. N., & Silva, E. (2026). Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes. European Oral Research, 60(1), 230-239. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20261807089
AMA
1.Usta SN, Keskin C, Oktay AN, Silva E. Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes. EOR. 2026;60(1):230-239. doi:10.26650/eor.20261807089
Chicago
Usta, Sıla Nur, Cangül Keskin, Ayşe Nur Oktay, and Emmanuel Silva. 2026. “Influence of Endodontic Irrigants on Hydraulic Cements: Solubility, Color Alteration and Surface Changes”. European Oral Research 60 (1): 230-39. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20261807089.
EndNote
Usta SN, Keskin C, Oktay AN, Silva E (September 1, 2026) Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes. European Oral Research 60 1 230–239.
IEEE
[1]S. N. Usta, C. Keskin, A. N. Oktay, and E. Silva, “Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes”, EOR, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 230–239, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.26650/eor.20261807089.
ISNAD
Usta, Sıla Nur - Keskin, Cangül - Oktay, Ayşe Nur - Silva, Emmanuel. “Influence of Endodontic Irrigants on Hydraulic Cements: Solubility, Color Alteration and Surface Changes”. European Oral Research 60/1 (September 1, 2026): 230-239. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20261807089.
JAMA
1.Usta SN, Keskin C, Oktay AN, Silva E. Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes. EOR. 2026;60:230–239.
MLA
Usta, Sıla Nur, et al. “Influence of Endodontic Irrigants on Hydraulic Cements: Solubility, Color Alteration and Surface Changes”. European Oral Research, vol. 60, no. 1, Sept. 2026, pp. 230-9, doi:10.26650/eor.20261807089.
Vancouver
1.Sıla Nur Usta, Cangül Keskin, Ayşe Nur Oktay, Emmanuel Silva. Influence of endodontic irrigants on hydraulic cements: solubility, color alteration and surface changes. EOR. 2026 Sep. 1;60(1):230-9. doi:10.26650/eor.20261807089