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<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1012-2354</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Erciyes Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Geodesy</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Jeodezi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Investigation of the Effect of the Number and Distribution of Ground Control Point (GCP) on Map Production Accuracy</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Yer Kontrol Nokta (YKN) Sayısı ve Dağılımının Harita Üretim Hassasiyetine Etkisinin Araştırılması</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-8011</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ulvi</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ali</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Mersin Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-423X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>İzci</surname>
                                    <given-names>Volkan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-8022</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yiğit</surname>
                                    <given-names>Abdurahman Yasin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20240831">
                    <day>08</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>40</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>167</fpage>
                                        <lpage>180</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20240507">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20240801">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>01</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1985, Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1985</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study examines the impact of varying the number and distribution of GCPs on the precision of map production via UAV photogrammetry. In the study four distinct GCP distribution scenarios were evaluated. In each scenario, a total of 52 sub-scenarios were applied, with the number of GCPs varying from 4 to 40. The accuracy of the orthophoto and DSM produced using the SfM algorithm was evaluated through the analysis of 30 check points, which were measured using the GNSS cors method. To assess the accuracy, the RMSExy and RMSEz values were calculated. Furthermore, the impact of the number and distribution of the GCPs on the planimetric (xy) and elevation (z) accuracy was analyzed. The findings indicate that the optimal planimetric precision is attained with edge and homogeneous distributions. The lowest RMSExy value was observed to be 3.2 cm with edge distribution and 4.0 cm with homogeneous distribution. About the accuracy of the elevation data, the lowest RMSEz value was observed for the homogeneous distribution, at 4.0 cm, while the lowest value for the edge distribution was 4.7 cm. It was observed that the accuracy rates were lower in the central distribution scenarios in comparison to the other scenarios. The findings of the study indicate that an increase in the number of GCPs results in enhanced accuracy rates; however, this improvement is observed to plateau at a certain point. Within the range of 24-30 GCPs, the error rates were observed to reach a point of stabilization.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, İHA fotogrametrisi kullanılarak harita üretiminde YKN sayısı ve dağılımının doğruluk üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Çalışmada, dört farklı YKN dağılım senaryosu (kenar, merkez, homojen ve köşegen) değerlendirilmiştir. Her bir senaryoda YKN sayısının 4&#039;ten 40&#039;a kadar değiştiği toplam 52 alt senaryo uygulanmıştır. SfM algoritması kullanılarak üretilen ortofoto ve SYM doğruluğu, GNSS Cors yöntemi ile ölçülen 30 yer kontrol noktası kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Doğruluk değerlendirmesinde RMSExy ve RMSEz değerleri hesaplanmış ve YKN sayısı ile dağılımının planimetrik (xy) ve yükseklik (z) doğruluğuna etkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, en iyi planimetrik doğruluğun kenar ve homojen dağılımlarla sağlandığını, en düşük RMSExy değerinin 3.2 cm ile kenar dağılımda ve 4.0 cm ile homojen dağılımda elde edildiğini göstermektedir. Yükseklik doğruluğunda ise en düşük RMSEz değeri 4.0 cm ile homojen dağılımda ve 4.7 cm ile kenar dağılımda tespit edilmiştir. Merkezi dağılım senaryolarında doğruluk oranlarının diğer senaryolara göre daha düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, YKN sayısının arttırılmasının doğruluk oranlarını artırdığını, ancak belirli bir noktadan sonra bu artışın sınırlı kaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle 24-30 YKN aralığında hata oranlarının durağan hale geldiği tespit edilmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>YKN</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  SfM</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Fotogrametri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İHA fotogrametrisi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>GCP</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  SfM</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Photogrammetry</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  UAV Photogrammetry</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Mersin ÜNİVERSİTESİ</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>2021-2-TP2-4527</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
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