Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 1012-2354 Erciyes Üniversitesi 10.65520/erciyesfen.1845189 Biomass Energy Systems Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical) Biyokütle Enerji Sistemleri Enerji Üretimi, Dönüşüm ve Depolama (Kimyasal ve Elektiksel hariç) Bir Biyokütle Enerji Santralinde Ön Isıtma İyileştirmesinin Sistem Üzerindeki Enerjetik ve Ekserjetik Performanslara Etkisinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Preheating Improvement in a Biomass Power Plant on the Energetic and Exergetic Performance of the System https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-4244 Turgut Buket Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7721-6415 Yaman Abdullah TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ 03 26 2026 42 1 12 19 2025 02 09 2026 Copyright © 1985, Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 1985 Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

Dünya genelinde enerji gereksiniminin büyük bir kısmı halen petrol, kömür ve doğal gaz gibi fosil yakıtlarla karşılanmaktadır. Ancak, bu kaynakların sınırlı oluşu ve çevreye verdikleri zararlar, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelimi hızlandırmıştır. Bu çalışma, Tokat ilinde kurulu olan buğday atığı(sapı) yakıtlı bir biyokütle enerji santralinin termodinamik performansını, iki farklı işletme koşulu altında deneysel verilerle incelemektedir. İlk durumda ön ısıtma kazan çıkışından alınan doymuş buhar ile yapılmıştır, iyileştirme sonrasında ön ısıtma türbin ekstraksiyonundan gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, santralde uygulanan iyileştirmenin sistem verimi üzerindeki etkisini enerji ve ekserji analizleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya koymaktır. İyileştirme öncesi durumda, yakıt debisi 7.842 t/s olup, termal verim %21.45 ve ekserjetik verim %20.43 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ekserjetik verimin termal verimden düşük olması termodinamik olarak beklenen bir sonuçtur. İyileştirme sonrasında, yakıt debisi 7.156 t/s düşmüş, net güç çıkışı ise 6500 kW’tan 6550 kW’a yükselmiştir. Termal verim %21.45’ten %23.68’e, ekserjetik verim ise %20.43’ten %22.56’ya yükselmiştir. Yakıt tüketimi %8.75 oranında azalmıştır.

A significant portion of the world's energy needs is still met by fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. However, the limited nature of these resources and the damage they cause to the environment have accelerated the shift towards renewable energy sources. This study experimentally examines the thermodynamic performance of a wheat waste(stalk) fueled biomass power plant located in Tokat province under two different operating conditions. In the first case, preheating was performed from boiler output by saturated steam, while after the improvement, preheating was performed in the turbine extraction. The main objective of the study is to reveal the effect of the improvement applied in the plant on system efficiency through comparative energy and exergy analyses. Before the improvement, the fuel flow rate was 7,842 t/h, and the thermal efficiency was calculated as 21.45% and the exergy efficiency as 20.43%. The fact that the exergy efficiency is lower than the thermal efficiency is a thermodynamically expected result. After the improvement, the fuel flow rate decreased to 7,156 t/h, while the net power output increased from 6,500 kW to 6,550 kW. Thermal efficiency increased from 21.45% to 23.68%, while exergy efficiency increased from 20.43% to 22.56%. Fuel consumption decreased by 8.75%.

 Biyokütle Biyokütle santrali Enerji analizi Ekserji analizi Rankine çevrimi Biomass Biomass power plant Energy analysis Exergy analysis Rankine cycle Cui, J., Cui, L., Cheng, F., Liu, L., Sun, H., Li, S.,Wen, Z., Sun, J. (2015). A green route for preparation of low surface area sio2 microspheres from wheat straw ash with activated carbon and npk compound fertilizer as by-products. RSC Advances, 5(98), 80238-80244. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14622d Coronado, M. A., García, C., Montero, G., Ayala, J. R., Cervantes, L. K., Montes, D. G., Leon, J.A., Torres, R., Sagaste, C. A. (2020). Assessment and potential-site determination of a wheat straw power plant by aspen plus and multi-criteria gis model. Waste Management &Amp; Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 39(7), 985-994. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20978288 Udo, A., Diemuodeke, E., Ojapah, M., Abam, F., & Ofodu, J. (2023). Thermodynamics and structural optimization of organic rankine cycle plant for clean energy access using artificial bee colony and multi-criteria decision-making algorithms. Journal of Energy and Power Technology, 05(02), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.21926/jept.2302015 Nair, R. B., Kabir, M. M., Lennartsson, P. R., Taherzadeh, M. J., Horváth, I. S. (2017). Integrated process for ethanol, biogas, and edible filamentous fungi-based animal feed production from dilute phosphoric acid-pretreated wheat straw. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 184(1), 48-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2525-1 Said, N., Alrowais, R., & Abdel-Daiem, M. M. (2024). Effect of physical and chemical treatment on the characteristics of wheat straw as fuel for energy applications. BioResources, 19(4), 9531-9543. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.4.9531-9543 Gonca, G. (2015). Energy and exergy analyses of single and double reheat irreversible rankine cycle. International Journal of Exergy, 18(4), 402. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2015.072907 Behzadi, A., Houshfar, E., Habibollahzade, A., Gholamian, E., Ashjaee, M. (2018). Exergy and exergoeconomic assessment of tehran’s waste to energy power plant.. https://doi.org/10.29007/nlzn Rosen, M.A., Dincer, I., “Effect Of Varying Dead-State Properties On Energy And Exergy Analyses Of Thermal Systems”, International Journal Of Thermal Sciences, 43, 121-133, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2003.05.004 Tsatsaronıs, G., Park, M., “On Avoidable And Unavoidable Exergy Destructions And Investment Costs İn Thermal Systems”, Energy Conversion And Management, 43, 1259-1270, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00012-2 Kwak, H. Y., Kım, D. J., Jeon, J. S., “Exergetic And Thermoeconomic Analysis Of Power Plants”, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Chungang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea, 2003. Kaya, M., “Buharlı Güç Çevrim Veriminin Ekserji Analiziyle Belirlenmesi”, Cbü Soma Meslek Yüksekokulu Teknik Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:1, Sayı:9, Soma, 2008. Çetinkaya, A., Yılmaz, F., & Bilgili, L. (2024). Life cycle assessment and thermodynamic performance of biomass-based combined cogeneration. Engineering Research Express, 6(4), 045009. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad9982 Preibinger, M., Heberle, F., Brüggemann, D. (2012). Thermodynamic analysis of double-stage biomass fired organic rankine cycle for micro-cogeneration. International Journal of Energy Research, 36(8), 944-952. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1952 Oyekale, J. and Cau, G. (2020). Enhanced exergoeconomic analysis of a hybrid solar-biomass organic rankine cycle cogeneration plant.. https://doi.org/10.46855/energy-proceedings-3980 Moharamian, A., Soltani, S., Ranjbar, F., Yari, M., Rosen, M. (2017). Thermodynamic analysis of a wall mounted gas boiler with an organic rankine cycle and hydrogen production unit. Energy & Environment, 28(7), 725-743. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305x17724211 Ren, J., Xu, C., Qian, Z., Huang, W., Wang, B. (2024). Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle based on externally fired gas turbine, steam rankine cycle, organic rankine cycle, and absorption refrigeration cycle. Entropy, 26(6), 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/e26060511 Hijriawan, M., Aries, H., Agung, P., Arifin, Z. (2022). Organic rankine cycle (ORC) system in renewable and sustainable energy development: a review of the utilization and current conditions for small-scale application. Istrazivanja I Projektovanja Za Privredu, 20(3), 957-970. https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-36319 Mutlu, B., Baker, D., Kazanç, F. (2021). Development and analysis of the novel hybridization of a single-flash geothermal power plant with biomass driven sco2-steam rankine combined cycle. Entropy, 23(6), 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060766 Hosseinpour, M., Ozgoli, H., Mirzahosseini, S., Hemmasi, A., Mehdipour, R. (2022). Evaluation of performance improvement of the combined biomass gasifier power cycle using low‐temperature bottoming cycles: organic rankine cycle, kalina and goswami. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 41(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13855 Rentizelas, A., Karellas, S., Kakaras, E., Tatsiópoulos, I. (2009). Comparative techno-economic analysis of ORÇ and gasification for bioenergy applications. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(3), 674-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.10.008 Darvish, K., Ehyaei, M., Atabi, F., Rosen, M. (2015). Selection of optimum working fluid for organic rankine cycles by exergy and exergy-economic analyses. Sustainability, 7(11), 15362-15383. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71115362 Silva, J., Teixeira, S. F., Preziati, S., Teixeira, J. C. (2016). Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Biomass Power Plant. Proceedings of the ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Volume 6B: Energy. ASME. Wijesekara, D., Amarasinghe, P., Induranga, A., Vithanage, V., Koswattage, K. R. (2025). Energy, Exergy, and Environmental Impact Analysis and Optimization of Coal–Biomass Combustion Combined Cycle CHP Systems. Sustainability, 17(6), 2363. Marito, M.V., Wibowo, A.S., Yuliansyah, A.T., Cahyono, R.B.,(2024) Energy and exergy analysis of the impact of biomass moisture content on performance of an integrated pulp and paper mill – Power plant, AIP Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0235720 Song, G., Shen, L., Xiao, J. (2011). Estimating Specific Chemical Exergy of Biomass from Basic Analysis Data. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50(16), 9758–9766. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie200534n