Organik Tarımda Biyolojik Mücadele; Entomopatojen Biyoinsektisitler

Öz

Sürdürülebilir bir organik tarım için kimyasal madde kullanımına getirilen sınırlama zararlılarla mücadelede alternatif çözüm arayışlarını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Kimyasal pestisitlere alternatif yöntemlerden en önemlisi doğal düşmanların kullanıldığı biyolojik mücadele yöntemidir. Organik tarım, çevresel ve ekonomik olarak sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim sistemini oluşturmayı amaçlayan bir yaklaşım olarak tanımlanabilir. Organik tarımda, biyolojik mücadele uygun diğer mücadele yöntemleri ile birlikte uygulandığında çok daha etkili sonuçlar vermektedir. Organik tarımda zararlılarla mücadele de hedef, zararlıyı tamamen ortadan kaldırmak değil zararlının zarar seviyesini en aza indirmektir. Bununla birlikte, organik tarım yapılan alanda bir üretim döneminde yetiştirilen bitkilerdeki zararlılarla mücadelede kullanılacak olan entomopatojen biyoinsektisitler göz önüne alınarak iyi bir üretim ve ekim nöbeti sistemi planlanmalıdır. Zararlı böcekler ile mücadelede yaygın olarak kullanılan mikrobiyal kontrol ajanları bakteri, virüs, fungus, protozoa ve nematodlardır. Mikrobiyal kontrol ajanları içerisinde yer alan entomopatojen biyoinsektisitler türe özgü etki gösterdiği için diğer doğal düşmanlara göre daha avantajlıdır. Çevre sağlığı, ekonomik kazanç, güvenli alternatif oluşturma, sosyal ve ekonomik eşitlik gibi süreçlerin bir entegrasyonu olan organik tarım uygulamalarında çiftçi, tüketici, işçi, araştırmacı ve politikacı gibi tüm iştirakçilerin sorumluluğu vardır ve sürdürülebilir bir tarım faaliyeti için bu iştirakçilerin tamamının desteği gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organik tarım, Biyolojik kontrol ajanları, Entomopatojenler, Biyoinsektisit

Biological control in organic farming; entomopathogen bioinsecticides

Öz

The limitations on the use of chemicals in organic farming for sustainable agriculture have brought the search for alternative solutions. The best alternative to chemical pesticides is biological control with natural enemies. Organic farming can be defined as an approach aimed to create environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural production system. Biological control provides very effective results when applied in conjunction with other appropriate control methods in organic farming. The main purpose of crop protection in organic farming is to minimize the level of pest damages rather than completely eliminating them. However, for the control of pests in a growing season in areas of organic farming, a good production and rotation system should be planned considering the bioinsecticides. Microbial control agents, which are widely used against insect pests are bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and nematodes. Because of species specific effect, entomopathogenic bioinsecticides have more advantages than other natural enemieswhich included in microbial control agents. In organic farming applications, which an integration of process such as environmental health, economic profitability, safe alternative, social and economic equity, there is responsibility of all participants such as farmers, consumers, laborers, researchers, and policymakers and require the support of all participants for a sustainable agricultural application.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organic farming, Biological control agents, Entomopathogens, Bioinsecticide

Kaynakça

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