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Sonlu Elemanlar Stres Analizi ve Endodontide Kullanımı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 99 - 108, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.15

Öz

Sonlu elemanlar stres analizi yöntemi, karmaşık yapıları modellemek ve oluşturulan modeller üzerinde stres analizini belirlemek için sıklıkla kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Sonlu elemanlar stres analizi, uzun zamandır mühendislik alanında kullanılırken 1970’li yıllardan bu yana da diş dokularını temsil eden modellere uygulanmaktadır. Sonlu elemanlar stres analizi daha spesifik olarak endodonti alanında; giriş kavitesi açılması, kök kanal preparasyonu ve kök kanal dolumu esnasında dişlerin biyomekanik davranışının incelenmesinde, endodontik tedavi sonrası restoratif prosedürlerin değerlendirilmesinde sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı sonlu elemanlar stres analizi ve bu yöntemin endodonti alanındaki uygulamaları konusunda güncel ve kapsamlı bilgi vermektir.

Kaynakça

  • Aktı A, Kaya DI. Finite Element Analysis and Application in Dental Implantology. Int J Innov Sci Res Technol. 2020; 5(2).
  • Allen C, Meyer CA, Yoo E, Vargas JA, Liu Y, Jalali P. Stress distribution in a tooth treated through minimally invasive access compared to one treated through traditional access: A finite element analysis study. J Conserv Dent: JCD. 2018; 21(5): 505.
  • Aslan T, Esim E, Üstün Y, Dönmez Özkan H. Evaluation of Stress Distributions in Mandibular Molar Teeth with Different Iatrogenic Root Perforations Repaired with Biodentine or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Finite Element Analysis Study. J Endod. 2021; 47(4): 631-40.
  • Aslan T, Üstün Y, Esim E. Stress distributions in internal resorption cavities restored with different materials at different root levels: A finite element analysis study. Aust Endod J. 2019; 45(1): 64-71.
  • Belli S, Eraslan O, Hakki SS, Eskitascioglu M, Eskitascioglu G. Effect of post-restoration on stresses in premolars with endodontic–periodontal lesion: an FEA study. J Adhes Sci Technol. 2017; 31(6): 591-601.
  • Bürklein S, Schäfer E. Minimally invasive endodontics. Quintessence Int. 2015; 46(2): 119-24.
  • Cheng R, Zhou X-D, Liu Z, Hu T. Development of a finite element analysis model with curved canal and stress analysis. J Endod. 2007; 33(6): 727-31.
  • Cheng R, Zhou XD, Liu Z, Yang H, Gao QH, Hu T. Finite element analysis of the effects of three preparation techniques on stresses within roots having curved canals. Int Endod J. 2009; 42(3): 220-6.
  • Craig R, Powers J. Restorative dental materials 11th ed. St. Louis: Mosby. 2002: 238-92.
  • Çalıkoğlu S. Bölümlü Protezler, 2. Baskı, İstanbul Ü Basımevi, İstanbul. 1992.
  • De Vree J, Peters M, Plasschaert A. A comparison of photoelastic and finite element stress analysis in restored tooth structures. J Oral Rehabil. 1983; 10(6): 505-17.
  • Desai SR, Shinde HH. Finite Element Analysis: Basics And Its Applications In Dentistry. Indian J Dent Sci. 2012; 4(1).
  • Er Ö, Yaman SD, Hasan M. Finite element analysis of the effects of thermal obturation in maxillary canine teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 104(2): 277-86.
  • Farah J, Craig R. Finite element stress analysis of a restored axisymmetric first molar. J Dent Res. 1974; 53(4): 859-66.
  • Fung Y-c. Biomechanics: mechanical properties of living tissues: Springer Science & Business Media; 2013
  • Gao J, Xu W, Ding Z. 3D finite element mesh generation of complicated tooth model based on CT slices. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2006; 82(2): 97-105.
  • Geng J-P, Tan KB, Liu G-R. Application of finite element analysis in implant dentistry: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2001; 85(6): 585-98.
  • Gokhale N, Deshpande S, Bedekar S, Thite A. Practical finite element analysis: Finite to infinite; 2008
  • Hammond D, Whitty J. Finite element analysis and dentistry. Fac Dent J. 2015; 6(3): 134-9.
  • Hong J, Xia WW, Xiong HG. [Analysis of the effect on the stress of root canal wall by vertical and lateral condensation procedures]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2003; 12(5): 359-61.
  • Hu T, Cheng R, Shao M et al. Application of finite element analysis in root canal therapy. Finite Element Analysis. 2010: 103.
  • Huempfner-Hierl H, Schaller A, Hemprich A, Hierl T. Biomechanical investigation of naso-orbitoethmoid trauma by finite element analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014; 52(9): 850-3.
  • Ibrahim AA, El Ashry SH, Fayyad DM. Stress Analysıs of Two Nı-Tı Rotary Fıles in Sımulated Root Canals Usıng Fınıte Element Method-Part II: Root Analysıs. Egypt Dent J. 2017; 63(841): 848.
  • Kirkevang LL, Ørstavik D, Hörsted‐Bindslev P, Wenzel A. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in a Danish population. Int Endod J. 2000; 33(6): 509-15.
  • Küçükkurt S. Sonlu Elemanlar Stres Analiz Yöntemi ve Dental İmplantoloji Alanında Yapılan Araştırmalar. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2019; 29(4): 701-10.
  • Lertchirakarn V, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Finite element analysis and strain-gauge studies of vertical root fracture. J Endod. 2003; 29(8): 529-34.
  • Lertchirakarn V, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Patterns of vertical root fracture: factors affecting stress distribution in the root canal. J Endod. 2003; 29(8): 523-8.
  • Lin J, Lin Z, Zheng Z. Effect of different restorative crown design and materials on stress distribution in endodontically treated molars: a finite element analysis study. BMC Oral Health. 2020; 20(1): 226.
  • Magne P. Efficient 3D finite element analysis of dental restorative procedures using micro-CT data. Dent Mater. 2007; 23(5): 539-48.
  • Marghitu DB. Mechanical engineer's handbook: Elsevier; 2001
  • Necchi S, Taschieri S, Petrini L, Migliavacca F. Mechanical behaviour of nickel‐titanium rotary endodontic instruments in simulated clinical conditions: a computational study. Int Endod J. 2008; 41(11): 939-49.
  • Ozkurt-Kayahan Z, Turgut B, Akin H, Kayahan MB, Kazazoglu E. A 3D finite element analysis of stress distribution on different thicknesses of mineral trioxide aggregate applied on various sizes of pulp perforation. Clin Oral Investig. 2020; 24(10): 3477-83.
  • Poiate IA, Vasconcellos AB, Mori M, Poiate Jr E. 2D and 3D finite element analysis of central incisor generated by computerized tomography. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2011; 104(2): 292-9.
  • Prati C, Mendes Tribst JP, Piva AMdOD et al. 3D Finite Element Analysis of Rotary Instruments in Root Canal Dentine with Different Elastic Moduli. Appl. Sci. 2021; 11(6): 2547.
  • Reeh ES, Messer HH, Douglas WH. Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. J Endod. 1989; 15(11): 512-6.
  • Rho JY, Ashman RB, Turner CH. Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: ultrasonic and microtensile measurements. J Biomech. 1993; 26(2): 111-9.
  • Ricks-Williamson LJ, Fotos PG, Goel VK, Spivey JD, Rivera EM, Khera SC. A three-dimensional finite-element stress analysis of an endodontically prepared maxillary central incisor. J Endod. 1995; 21(7): 362-7.
  • Romeed S, Fok S, Wilson N. Finite element analysis of fixed partial denture replacement. J Oral Rehabil. 2004; 31(12): 1208-17.
  • Rundquist BD, Versluis A. How does canal taper affect root stresses? Int Endod J. 2006; 39(3): 226-37.
  • Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig's restorative dental materials-e-book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012
  • Santos Filho PCdF. Biodinamica restauradora de dentes tratados endodonticamente: analise por elementos finitos. Piracicaba: Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. 2009.
  • Sathorn C, Palamara JE, Messer HH. A comparison of the effects of two canal preparation techniques on root fracture susceptibility and fracture pattern. J Endod. 2005; 31(4): 283-7.
  • Sathorn C, Palamara JE, Palamara D, Messer HH. Effect of root canal size and external root surface morphology on fracture susceptibility and pattern: a finite element analysis. J Endod. 2005; 31(4): 288-92.
  • Saxena A, Chandak M. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) as a Decisive Tool for Study of Force Distribution in Dentistry. Sch J Dent Sci. 2016.
  • Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. J Endod. 2004; 30(5): 289-301.
  • Shetty P, Hegde AM, Rai K. Finite element method--an effective research tool for dentistry. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2010; 34(3): 281-5.
  • Siegele D, Soltesz U. Numerical investigations of the influence of implant shape on stress distribution in the jaw bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1989; 4(4).
  • Silva NR, Castro CG, Santos-Filho PC et al. Influence of different post design and composition on stress distribution in maxillary central incisor: Finite element analysis. Indian J Dent Res. 2009; 20(2): 153.
  • Soares CJ, Versluis A, Valdivia A et al. Finite element analysis in dentistry-Improving the quality of oral health care. Moratal D. Finite element analysis-from biomedical applications to industrial developments. Rijeka: In Tech Croatia. 2012: 25-56.
  • Srirekha A, Bashetty K. Infinite to finite: an overview of finite element analysis. Indian J Dent Res. 2010; 21(3): 425.
  • Sung SJ, Baik HS, Moon YS, Yu HS, Cho YS. A comparative evaluation of different compensating curves in the lingual and labial techniques using 3D FEM. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 123(4): 441-50.
  • Thresher RW, Saito GE. The stress analysis of human teeth. Journal of biomechanics. 1973; 6(5): 443-9.
  • Tronstad L, Asbjørnsen K, Døving L, Pedersen I, Eriksen H. Influence of coronal restorations on the periapical health of endodontically treated teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2000; 16(5): 218-21.
  • Verdonschot N, Fennis WM, Kuijs RH, Stolk J, Kreulen CM, Creugers NH. Generation of 3-D finite element models of restored human teeth using micro-CT techniques. Int J Prosthodont. 2001; 14(4): 310-5.
  • Versluis A, Messer H, Pintado M. Changes in compaction stress distributions in roots resulting from canal preparation. Int Endod J. 2006; 39(12): 931-9.
  • Versluis A, Tantbirojn D. Relationship between shrinkage and stress. Dental computing and applications: advanced techniques for clinical dentistry. IGI Global,2009. pp. 45-64.
  • Walton RE, Torabinejad M. Principles and Practice of Endodontics, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1996
  • Wilcox LR, Roskelley C, Sutton T. The relationship of root canal enlargement to finger-spreader induced vertical root fracture. J Endod. 1997; 23(8): 533-4.
  • Yared GM, Dagher FE, Machtou P, Kulkarni GK. Influence of rotational speed, torque and operator proficiency on failure of Greater Taper files. Int Endod J. 2002; 35(1): 7-12.
  • Yıkılgan I, Bala O. How can stress be controlled in endodontically treated teeth? A 3D finite element analysis. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013; 2013: 426134.
  • Yuan K, Niu C, Xie Q et al. Comparative evaluation of the impact of minimally invasive preparation vs. conventional straight-line preparation on tooth biomechanics: a finite element analysis. Eur J Oral Sci. 2016; 124(6): 591-6.
  • Zhang Y, Liu Y, She Y, Liang Y, Xu F, Fang C. The Effect of Endodontic Access Cavities on Fracture Resistance of First Maxillary Molar Using the Extended Finite Element Method. J Endod. 2019; 45(3): 316-21.

Finite Element Stress Analysis And Use In Endodontics

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 99 - 108, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.15

Öz

Finite element stress analysis is a method that is frequently used to model complex structures and determine stress analysis on created models. While finite element stress analysis has been used in the field of engineering for a long time, it has been applied to models representing dental tissues since the 1970s. Finite element stress analysis has been used more specifically in the field of endodontics; for investigating biomechanical behavior of teeth during access cavity preparation, root canal preparation and root canal filling, and in the evaluation of restorative procedures after endodontic treatment. The objective of this review is to provide current and comprehensive information about finite element stress analysis and its applications in endodontics.

Kaynakça

  • Aktı A, Kaya DI. Finite Element Analysis and Application in Dental Implantology. Int J Innov Sci Res Technol. 2020; 5(2).
  • Allen C, Meyer CA, Yoo E, Vargas JA, Liu Y, Jalali P. Stress distribution in a tooth treated through minimally invasive access compared to one treated through traditional access: A finite element analysis study. J Conserv Dent: JCD. 2018; 21(5): 505.
  • Aslan T, Esim E, Üstün Y, Dönmez Özkan H. Evaluation of Stress Distributions in Mandibular Molar Teeth with Different Iatrogenic Root Perforations Repaired with Biodentine or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Finite Element Analysis Study. J Endod. 2021; 47(4): 631-40.
  • Aslan T, Üstün Y, Esim E. Stress distributions in internal resorption cavities restored with different materials at different root levels: A finite element analysis study. Aust Endod J. 2019; 45(1): 64-71.
  • Belli S, Eraslan O, Hakki SS, Eskitascioglu M, Eskitascioglu G. Effect of post-restoration on stresses in premolars with endodontic–periodontal lesion: an FEA study. J Adhes Sci Technol. 2017; 31(6): 591-601.
  • Bürklein S, Schäfer E. Minimally invasive endodontics. Quintessence Int. 2015; 46(2): 119-24.
  • Cheng R, Zhou X-D, Liu Z, Hu T. Development of a finite element analysis model with curved canal and stress analysis. J Endod. 2007; 33(6): 727-31.
  • Cheng R, Zhou XD, Liu Z, Yang H, Gao QH, Hu T. Finite element analysis of the effects of three preparation techniques on stresses within roots having curved canals. Int Endod J. 2009; 42(3): 220-6.
  • Craig R, Powers J. Restorative dental materials 11th ed. St. Louis: Mosby. 2002: 238-92.
  • Çalıkoğlu S. Bölümlü Protezler, 2. Baskı, İstanbul Ü Basımevi, İstanbul. 1992.
  • De Vree J, Peters M, Plasschaert A. A comparison of photoelastic and finite element stress analysis in restored tooth structures. J Oral Rehabil. 1983; 10(6): 505-17.
  • Desai SR, Shinde HH. Finite Element Analysis: Basics And Its Applications In Dentistry. Indian J Dent Sci. 2012; 4(1).
  • Er Ö, Yaman SD, Hasan M. Finite element analysis of the effects of thermal obturation in maxillary canine teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 104(2): 277-86.
  • Farah J, Craig R. Finite element stress analysis of a restored axisymmetric first molar. J Dent Res. 1974; 53(4): 859-66.
  • Fung Y-c. Biomechanics: mechanical properties of living tissues: Springer Science & Business Media; 2013
  • Gao J, Xu W, Ding Z. 3D finite element mesh generation of complicated tooth model based on CT slices. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2006; 82(2): 97-105.
  • Geng J-P, Tan KB, Liu G-R. Application of finite element analysis in implant dentistry: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2001; 85(6): 585-98.
  • Gokhale N, Deshpande S, Bedekar S, Thite A. Practical finite element analysis: Finite to infinite; 2008
  • Hammond D, Whitty J. Finite element analysis and dentistry. Fac Dent J. 2015; 6(3): 134-9.
  • Hong J, Xia WW, Xiong HG. [Analysis of the effect on the stress of root canal wall by vertical and lateral condensation procedures]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2003; 12(5): 359-61.
  • Hu T, Cheng R, Shao M et al. Application of finite element analysis in root canal therapy. Finite Element Analysis. 2010: 103.
  • Huempfner-Hierl H, Schaller A, Hemprich A, Hierl T. Biomechanical investigation of naso-orbitoethmoid trauma by finite element analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014; 52(9): 850-3.
  • Ibrahim AA, El Ashry SH, Fayyad DM. Stress Analysıs of Two Nı-Tı Rotary Fıles in Sımulated Root Canals Usıng Fınıte Element Method-Part II: Root Analysıs. Egypt Dent J. 2017; 63(841): 848.
  • Kirkevang LL, Ørstavik D, Hörsted‐Bindslev P, Wenzel A. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in a Danish population. Int Endod J. 2000; 33(6): 509-15.
  • Küçükkurt S. Sonlu Elemanlar Stres Analiz Yöntemi ve Dental İmplantoloji Alanında Yapılan Araştırmalar. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2019; 29(4): 701-10.
  • Lertchirakarn V, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Finite element analysis and strain-gauge studies of vertical root fracture. J Endod. 2003; 29(8): 529-34.
  • Lertchirakarn V, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Patterns of vertical root fracture: factors affecting stress distribution in the root canal. J Endod. 2003; 29(8): 523-8.
  • Lin J, Lin Z, Zheng Z. Effect of different restorative crown design and materials on stress distribution in endodontically treated molars: a finite element analysis study. BMC Oral Health. 2020; 20(1): 226.
  • Magne P. Efficient 3D finite element analysis of dental restorative procedures using micro-CT data. Dent Mater. 2007; 23(5): 539-48.
  • Marghitu DB. Mechanical engineer's handbook: Elsevier; 2001
  • Necchi S, Taschieri S, Petrini L, Migliavacca F. Mechanical behaviour of nickel‐titanium rotary endodontic instruments in simulated clinical conditions: a computational study. Int Endod J. 2008; 41(11): 939-49.
  • Ozkurt-Kayahan Z, Turgut B, Akin H, Kayahan MB, Kazazoglu E. A 3D finite element analysis of stress distribution on different thicknesses of mineral trioxide aggregate applied on various sizes of pulp perforation. Clin Oral Investig. 2020; 24(10): 3477-83.
  • Poiate IA, Vasconcellos AB, Mori M, Poiate Jr E. 2D and 3D finite element analysis of central incisor generated by computerized tomography. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2011; 104(2): 292-9.
  • Prati C, Mendes Tribst JP, Piva AMdOD et al. 3D Finite Element Analysis of Rotary Instruments in Root Canal Dentine with Different Elastic Moduli. Appl. Sci. 2021; 11(6): 2547.
  • Reeh ES, Messer HH, Douglas WH. Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. J Endod. 1989; 15(11): 512-6.
  • Rho JY, Ashman RB, Turner CH. Young's modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: ultrasonic and microtensile measurements. J Biomech. 1993; 26(2): 111-9.
  • Ricks-Williamson LJ, Fotos PG, Goel VK, Spivey JD, Rivera EM, Khera SC. A three-dimensional finite-element stress analysis of an endodontically prepared maxillary central incisor. J Endod. 1995; 21(7): 362-7.
  • Romeed S, Fok S, Wilson N. Finite element analysis of fixed partial denture replacement. J Oral Rehabil. 2004; 31(12): 1208-17.
  • Rundquist BD, Versluis A. How does canal taper affect root stresses? Int Endod J. 2006; 39(3): 226-37.
  • Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig's restorative dental materials-e-book: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012
  • Santos Filho PCdF. Biodinamica restauradora de dentes tratados endodonticamente: analise por elementos finitos. Piracicaba: Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. 2009.
  • Sathorn C, Palamara JE, Messer HH. A comparison of the effects of two canal preparation techniques on root fracture susceptibility and fracture pattern. J Endod. 2005; 31(4): 283-7.
  • Sathorn C, Palamara JE, Palamara D, Messer HH. Effect of root canal size and external root surface morphology on fracture susceptibility and pattern: a finite element analysis. J Endod. 2005; 31(4): 288-92.
  • Saxena A, Chandak M. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) as a Decisive Tool for Study of Force Distribution in Dentistry. Sch J Dent Sci. 2016.
  • Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. J Endod. 2004; 30(5): 289-301.
  • Shetty P, Hegde AM, Rai K. Finite element method--an effective research tool for dentistry. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2010; 34(3): 281-5.
  • Siegele D, Soltesz U. Numerical investigations of the influence of implant shape on stress distribution in the jaw bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1989; 4(4).
  • Silva NR, Castro CG, Santos-Filho PC et al. Influence of different post design and composition on stress distribution in maxillary central incisor: Finite element analysis. Indian J Dent Res. 2009; 20(2): 153.
  • Soares CJ, Versluis A, Valdivia A et al. Finite element analysis in dentistry-Improving the quality of oral health care. Moratal D. Finite element analysis-from biomedical applications to industrial developments. Rijeka: In Tech Croatia. 2012: 25-56.
  • Srirekha A, Bashetty K. Infinite to finite: an overview of finite element analysis. Indian J Dent Res. 2010; 21(3): 425.
  • Sung SJ, Baik HS, Moon YS, Yu HS, Cho YS. A comparative evaluation of different compensating curves in the lingual and labial techniques using 3D FEM. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 123(4): 441-50.
  • Thresher RW, Saito GE. The stress analysis of human teeth. Journal of biomechanics. 1973; 6(5): 443-9.
  • Tronstad L, Asbjørnsen K, Døving L, Pedersen I, Eriksen H. Influence of coronal restorations on the periapical health of endodontically treated teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2000; 16(5): 218-21.
  • Verdonschot N, Fennis WM, Kuijs RH, Stolk J, Kreulen CM, Creugers NH. Generation of 3-D finite element models of restored human teeth using micro-CT techniques. Int J Prosthodont. 2001; 14(4): 310-5.
  • Versluis A, Messer H, Pintado M. Changes in compaction stress distributions in roots resulting from canal preparation. Int Endod J. 2006; 39(12): 931-9.
  • Versluis A, Tantbirojn D. Relationship between shrinkage and stress. Dental computing and applications: advanced techniques for clinical dentistry. IGI Global,2009. pp. 45-64.
  • Walton RE, Torabinejad M. Principles and Practice of Endodontics, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1996
  • Wilcox LR, Roskelley C, Sutton T. The relationship of root canal enlargement to finger-spreader induced vertical root fracture. J Endod. 1997; 23(8): 533-4.
  • Yared GM, Dagher FE, Machtou P, Kulkarni GK. Influence of rotational speed, torque and operator proficiency on failure of Greater Taper files. Int Endod J. 2002; 35(1): 7-12.
  • Yıkılgan I, Bala O. How can stress be controlled in endodontically treated teeth? A 3D finite element analysis. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013; 2013: 426134.
  • Yuan K, Niu C, Xie Q et al. Comparative evaluation of the impact of minimally invasive preparation vs. conventional straight-line preparation on tooth biomechanics: a finite element analysis. Eur J Oral Sci. 2016; 124(6): 591-6.
  • Zhang Y, Liu Y, She Y, Liang Y, Xu F, Fang C. The Effect of Endodontic Access Cavities on Fracture Resistance of First Maxillary Molar Using the Extended Finite Element Method. J Endod. 2019; 45(3): 316-21.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Merve Akbaş 0000-0001-7842-6747

Makbule Bilge Akbulut 0000-0001-9082-3120

Sema Belli 0000-0002-7240-7649

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akbaş, M., Akbulut, M. B., & Belli, S. (2021). Sonlu Elemanlar Stres Analizi ve Endodontide Kullanımı. European Journal of Research in Dentistry, 5(2), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.15