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Üst Büyük Azı Dişlerinin Endodontik Tedavi Kalitelerinin ve Periapikal Sağlık Durumlarının Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 95 - 103, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.32

Öz

ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, retrospektif konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntülerinde endodontik tedavi görmüş üst büyük azı dişlerinin endodontik tedavi kalitelerinin ve periapikal bölge sağlıklarının, periapikal ve endodontik durum indeksi (PEDİ) kullanılarak değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya endodontik tedavi görmüş 80 adet üst büyük azı dişine (47 birinci, 33 ikinci azı) ait toplam 240 kök dahil edilmiştir. Endodontik tedavi kalitesi ve periapikal bölgenin sağlık durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir (p<0.05).
Bulgular: Çalışma grubuna dahil olan dişlerin %77.5’inde (n=62) AP tespit edilmiştir. AP en çok üst birinci büyük azı dişlerinde (n=39) gözlenirken, dişler arasında AP görülmesi açısından anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Kökler içerisindei se AP en çok meziobukkal kökte tespit edilmiştir. Dişlerin büyük bir çoğunluğunda AP’nin anatomik yapılar ile ilişkili (D2) olduğu (%53.2n=33) gözlenmiştir. Kök kanal dolgusu normal sınırlardan eksik (L2) veya taşkın (L3) olduğunda AP görülmesi anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0.001). Distal ve palatinal köklerde yetersiz obtürasyon (H2) ile AP varlığı arasında anlamlı ilişki gözlenmiştir (p=0.001). Dişlerin %16.2’sinde (n=13) komplikasyona rastlanırken, bunlar içerisinde en sık apikal rezorpsiyon (CF5) (n=59) ve tedavi edilmemiş kanal (CF2) (n=17) tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Kanal tedavili üst büyük azı dişlerinde AP yüksek oranda saptanmıştır. İncelenen kökler içerisinde AP en çok, kompleks bir anatomik yapı sergileyen meziobukkal kökte tespit edilmiştir. Eksik, taşkın ve/veya homojen olmayan kanal dolumları AP oluşumunda etkili olabilecek faktörler olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Aysal, Z. Belirli bir türk popülasyonunda yapılmış endodontik tedavilerin radyolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Uzmanlık Tezi. 2021.
  • 2. Ballıkaya E, Koc N, Avcu N, Cehreli ZC. The quality of root canal treatment and periapical status of permanent teeth in Turkish children and teens: a retrospective CBCT study. Oral radiol. 2022;38(3):405-415. 3. Baruwa AO, Martins JNR, Meirinhos J, Pereira B, Gouveia J, Quaresma SA et al. The Influence of Missed Canals on the Prevalence of Periapical Lesions in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study. J Endod. 2020;46(1):34-39.e1. 4. Betancourt P, Navarro P, Cantín M, Fuentes R. Cone-beam computed tomography study of prevalence and location of MB2 canal in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(6):9128-34.
  • 5. Bürklein S, Schäfer E, Jöhren H-P, Donnermeyer D. Quality of root canal fllings and prevalence of apical radiolucencies in a German population: a CBCT analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020; 24:1217–27.
  • 6. Colakoglu G, Kaya Buyukbayram I, Elcin MA, Garip Berker Y, Ercalik Yalcinkaya S. Association between second mesiobuccal canal and apical periodontitis in retrospective cone‐beam computed tomographic images. [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jul 31]. Aust Endod J. 2022;10.1111/aej.12672.
  • 7. da Silva K, Lam JMY, Wu N, Duckmanton P. Cross-sectional study of endodontic treatment in an Australian population. Aust Endod J. 2009;35(3):140–6.
  • 8. de Paula-Silva FW, Wu MK, Leonardo MR, da Silva LA, Wesselink PR. Accuracy of periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography scans in diagnosing apical periodontitis using histopathological findings as a gold standard.J Endod. 2009;35(7):1009-1012.
  • 9. Souza-Nunes LA, Verner FS, Rosado LPL, Aquino SN, Carvalho ACP, Junqueira RB. Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale for Endodontically Treated Teeth and Their Association with Maxillary Sinus Abnormalities: A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study.J Endod. 2019;45(12):1479-1488.
  • 10. do Carmo WD, Verner FS, Aguiar LM, Visconti MA, Ferreira MD, Lacerda MFLS et al. Missed canals in endodontically treated maxillary molars of a Brazilian subpopulation: prevalence and association with periapical lesion using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(4):2317-2323.
  • 11. Dutta A, Smith-Jack F, Saunders W. Prevalence of periradicular periodontitis in a Scottish subpopulation found on CBCT images. Int Endod J. 2014;47(9):854–63.
  • 12. Estrela C, Bueno MR, Azevedo BC, Azevedo JR, Pécora, JD. A new periapical index based on cone beam computed tomography.J Endod. 2008;34(11):1325-1331.
  • 13. Estrela C, Leles CR, Hollanda AC, Moura MS, Pécora JD. Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults.Braz Dent J. 2008;19(1):34-39.
  • 14. Gencoglu N, Pekiner FN, Gumru B, Helvacioglu D. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in an adult Turkish subpopulation. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(1):17-22.
  • 15. Gomes AC, Nejaim Y, Silva AI, et al. Influence of Endodontic Treatment and Coronal Restoration on Status of Periapical Tissues: A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Endod. 2015;41(10):1614-1618.
  • 16. G. Archana D, Gopikrishna V, Gutmann JL, Savadamoorthi KS, Kumar AR, Narayanan LL. Prevalence of periradicular radiolucencies and its association with the quality of root canal procedures and coronal restorations in an adult urban Indian population.J Conserv Dent. 2015;18(1):34-38.
  • 17. Gumru B, Tarcin B, Pekiner FN, Ozbayrak S. Retrospective radiological assessment of root canal treatment in young permanent dentition in a Turkish subpopulation. Int Endod J. 2011;44(9):850-856.
  • 18. Halse A, Molven O, Fristad I. Diagnosing periapical lesions--disagreement and borderline cases. Int Endod J. 2002;35(8):703-709.
  • 19. Berman LH Hargreaves KM. Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp. Elsevier 2021
  • 20. Hebling E, Coutinho LA, Ferraz CC, Cunha FL, Queluz Dde P. Periapical status and prevalence of endodontic treatment in institutionalized elderly. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(2):123-128.
  • 21. Huumonen S, Suominen AL, Vehkalahti MM. Prevalence of apical periodontitis in root filled teeth: findings from a nationwide survey in Finland. Int Endod J. 2017;50(3):229-236
  • 22. Karabucak B, Bunes A, Chehoud C, Kohli MR, Setzer F. Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis in Endodontically Treated Premolars and Molars with Untreated Canal: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study. J Endod. 2016;42(4):538-41.
  • 23. Karteva T, Manchorova-Veleva NA, Karteva E, et al. Quality of Endodontic Treatment and Prevalence of Apical Radiolucencies in a Bulgarian Subpopulation: a CBCT Analysis. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2021;63(1):81-87.
  • 24. Kielbassa AM, Frank W, Madaus T. Radiologic assessment of quality of root canal fillings and periapical status in an Austrian subpopulation - An observational study. PLoS One.2017;12(5):1–19.
  • 25. Kruse C, Spin-Neto R, Wenzel A, Kirkevang LL. Cone beam computed tomography and periapical lesions: a systematic review analysing studies on diagnostic efficacy by a hierarchical model. Int Endod J. 2015;48(9):815–28.
  • 26. Martins JNR, Alkhawas MAM, Altaki Z, Bellardini G, Berti L, Boveda C et al. Worldwide Analyses of Maxillary First Molar Second Mesiobuccal Prevalence: A Multicenter Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Endod. 2018 ;44(11):1641-1649.
  • 27. Meirinhos J, Martins JNR, Pereira B, Baruwa A, Gouveia J, Quaresma SA et al. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and its association with previous root canal treatment, root canal filling length and type of coronal restoration–a cross‐sectional study.Int Endod J. 2020;53(4):573-584.
  • 28. Nascimento EHL, Gaêta-Araujo H, Andrade MFS, Freitas DQ. Prevalence of technical errors and periapical lesions in a sample of endodontically treated teeth: a CBCT analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22 (7):2495–2503.
  • 29. Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Eriksen HM. The periapical index: a scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis.Endod Dent Traumatol. 1986;2(1):20-34.
  • 30. Özbaş H, Aşcı S, Aydın Y. Examination of the prevalence of periapical lesions and technical qulity of endodontic treatment in a Turkish subpopulation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112(1):136–42.
  • 31. Patel S, Wilson R, Dawood A, Foschi F, Mannocci F. The detection of periapical pathosis using digital periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography - part 2: a 1-year post-treatment follow-up. Int Endod J. 2012;45(8):711-723.
  • 32. Rajasekhar R, Soman S, Sebastian VM, Muliyar S, Cherian NM. Indexes for periapical health evaluation - A review. Int Dent Res 2022;12(2):97-106.
  • 33. Ricucci D, Langeland K. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation, part 2. A histological study. Int Endod J. 1998;31(6):394–409.
  • 34. Sakir M, Ercalik Yalcinkaya S. Associations between Periapical Health of Maxillary Molars and Mucosal Thickening of Maxillary Sinuses in Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Images: A Retrospective Study.J Endod. 2020;46(3):397-403.
  • 35. Shahbazian M, Vandewoude C, Wyatt J, Jacobs R. Comparative assessment of periapical radiography and CBCT imaging for radiodiagnostics in the posterior maxilla. Odontology 2015;103(1):97–104.
  • 36. Sisli SN, Yılmaz B, Özpolat Z, Gülşahı K. Comparative analysis of different periapical index systems used in cone-beam computed tomography. Aust Endod J. 2021;47(3):401-407.
  • 37. Souza-Nunes LA, Verner FS, Rosado LPL, Aquino SN, Carvalho ACP, Junqueira RB. Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale for Endodontically Treated Teeth and Their Association with Maxillary Sinus Abnormalities: A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Endod. 2019 Dec;45(12):1479-1488.
  • 38. Şanal Çikman A, Köse TE, Günaçar DN, Çene E, Arıcıoğlu B. Evaluation of endodontically treated teeth and related apical periodontitis using periapical and endodontic status scale: Retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study Aust Endod J. 2022; Jun 11 doi:10.1111[Epub ahead of print].
  • 39. Van der Veken D, Curvers F, Fieuws S, Lambrechts P. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and root filled teeth in a Belgian subpopulation found on CBCT images. Int Endod J. 2017;50(4):317–29.
  • 40. Venskutonis T, Plotino G, Tocci L, Gambarini G, Maminskas J, Juodzbalys G. Periapical and endodontic status scale based on periapical bone lesions and endodontic treatment quality evaluation using cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod. 2015;41(2):190-196.
  • 41. Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58(5):589-599.
  • 42. White SC, Pharoah MJ. White and Pharoah's Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2018.

Evaluation of Endodontic Treatment Quality and Periapical Health Status of Maxillary Molars Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 95 - 103, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.32

Öz

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the endodontic treatment quality and periapical health status of endodontically treated maxillary molars in retrospective cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using the periapical and endodontic status scale (PESS).
Materials and Methods: A total of 240 roots of 80 endodontically treated maxillary molars (47 first, 33 second) were included in the study. The quality of endodontic treatment and the health status of the periapical region were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05).
Results: Apical Periodontitis (AP) was detected in 77.5% (n=62) of the study group. Although AP was mostly observed in the maxillary first molars (n=39), no significant difference was found between the molars (p>0.05). Among the roots, AP was mostly detected in the mesiobuccal root. In majority of the teeth (53.2%, n=33), AP was in contact with anatomical structures (D2). AP was found to be significantly higher when canal filling was shorter than normal (L2) or overfilling (L3) (p=0.001). A significant correlation was observed between insufficient obturation (H2) and the presence of AP (p=0.001) in distal and palatal roots. Complications were encountered in 16.2% (n=13) of the study group and apical resorption (CF5) (n=59) and untreated canal (CF2) (n=17)were the most common.
Conclusion: A high rate of AP was detected in endodontically treated maxillary molars. AP was primarily observed in the mesiobuccal root which is exhibiting complex anatomy. Underfilled, overfilled and/or inhomogeneous canal fillings were determined as factors that may be effective in the formation of AP.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Aysal, Z. Belirli bir türk popülasyonunda yapılmış endodontik tedavilerin radyolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Uzmanlık Tezi. 2021.
  • 2. Ballıkaya E, Koc N, Avcu N, Cehreli ZC. The quality of root canal treatment and periapical status of permanent teeth in Turkish children and teens: a retrospective CBCT study. Oral radiol. 2022;38(3):405-415. 3. Baruwa AO, Martins JNR, Meirinhos J, Pereira B, Gouveia J, Quaresma SA et al. The Influence of Missed Canals on the Prevalence of Periapical Lesions in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study. J Endod. 2020;46(1):34-39.e1. 4. Betancourt P, Navarro P, Cantín M, Fuentes R. Cone-beam computed tomography study of prevalence and location of MB2 canal in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(6):9128-34.
  • 5. Bürklein S, Schäfer E, Jöhren H-P, Donnermeyer D. Quality of root canal fllings and prevalence of apical radiolucencies in a German population: a CBCT analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2020; 24:1217–27.
  • 6. Colakoglu G, Kaya Buyukbayram I, Elcin MA, Garip Berker Y, Ercalik Yalcinkaya S. Association between second mesiobuccal canal and apical periodontitis in retrospective cone‐beam computed tomographic images. [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jul 31]. Aust Endod J. 2022;10.1111/aej.12672.
  • 7. da Silva K, Lam JMY, Wu N, Duckmanton P. Cross-sectional study of endodontic treatment in an Australian population. Aust Endod J. 2009;35(3):140–6.
  • 8. de Paula-Silva FW, Wu MK, Leonardo MR, da Silva LA, Wesselink PR. Accuracy of periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography scans in diagnosing apical periodontitis using histopathological findings as a gold standard.J Endod. 2009;35(7):1009-1012.
  • 9. Souza-Nunes LA, Verner FS, Rosado LPL, Aquino SN, Carvalho ACP, Junqueira RB. Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale for Endodontically Treated Teeth and Their Association with Maxillary Sinus Abnormalities: A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study.J Endod. 2019;45(12):1479-1488.
  • 10. do Carmo WD, Verner FS, Aguiar LM, Visconti MA, Ferreira MD, Lacerda MFLS et al. Missed canals in endodontically treated maxillary molars of a Brazilian subpopulation: prevalence and association with periapical lesion using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(4):2317-2323.
  • 11. Dutta A, Smith-Jack F, Saunders W. Prevalence of periradicular periodontitis in a Scottish subpopulation found on CBCT images. Int Endod J. 2014;47(9):854–63.
  • 12. Estrela C, Bueno MR, Azevedo BC, Azevedo JR, Pécora, JD. A new periapical index based on cone beam computed tomography.J Endod. 2008;34(11):1325-1331.
  • 13. Estrela C, Leles CR, Hollanda AC, Moura MS, Pécora JD. Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults.Braz Dent J. 2008;19(1):34-39.
  • 14. Gencoglu N, Pekiner FN, Gumru B, Helvacioglu D. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in an adult Turkish subpopulation. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(1):17-22.
  • 15. Gomes AC, Nejaim Y, Silva AI, et al. Influence of Endodontic Treatment and Coronal Restoration on Status of Periapical Tissues: A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Endod. 2015;41(10):1614-1618.
  • 16. G. Archana D, Gopikrishna V, Gutmann JL, Savadamoorthi KS, Kumar AR, Narayanan LL. Prevalence of periradicular radiolucencies and its association with the quality of root canal procedures and coronal restorations in an adult urban Indian population.J Conserv Dent. 2015;18(1):34-38.
  • 17. Gumru B, Tarcin B, Pekiner FN, Ozbayrak S. Retrospective radiological assessment of root canal treatment in young permanent dentition in a Turkish subpopulation. Int Endod J. 2011;44(9):850-856.
  • 18. Halse A, Molven O, Fristad I. Diagnosing periapical lesions--disagreement and borderline cases. Int Endod J. 2002;35(8):703-709.
  • 19. Berman LH Hargreaves KM. Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp. Elsevier 2021
  • 20. Hebling E, Coutinho LA, Ferraz CC, Cunha FL, Queluz Dde P. Periapical status and prevalence of endodontic treatment in institutionalized elderly. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(2):123-128.
  • 21. Huumonen S, Suominen AL, Vehkalahti MM. Prevalence of apical periodontitis in root filled teeth: findings from a nationwide survey in Finland. Int Endod J. 2017;50(3):229-236
  • 22. Karabucak B, Bunes A, Chehoud C, Kohli MR, Setzer F. Prevalence of Apical Periodontitis in Endodontically Treated Premolars and Molars with Untreated Canal: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study. J Endod. 2016;42(4):538-41.
  • 23. Karteva T, Manchorova-Veleva NA, Karteva E, et al. Quality of Endodontic Treatment and Prevalence of Apical Radiolucencies in a Bulgarian Subpopulation: a CBCT Analysis. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2021;63(1):81-87.
  • 24. Kielbassa AM, Frank W, Madaus T. Radiologic assessment of quality of root canal fillings and periapical status in an Austrian subpopulation - An observational study. PLoS One.2017;12(5):1–19.
  • 25. Kruse C, Spin-Neto R, Wenzel A, Kirkevang LL. Cone beam computed tomography and periapical lesions: a systematic review analysing studies on diagnostic efficacy by a hierarchical model. Int Endod J. 2015;48(9):815–28.
  • 26. Martins JNR, Alkhawas MAM, Altaki Z, Bellardini G, Berti L, Boveda C et al. Worldwide Analyses of Maxillary First Molar Second Mesiobuccal Prevalence: A Multicenter Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Endod. 2018 ;44(11):1641-1649.
  • 27. Meirinhos J, Martins JNR, Pereira B, Baruwa A, Gouveia J, Quaresma SA et al. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and its association with previous root canal treatment, root canal filling length and type of coronal restoration–a cross‐sectional study.Int Endod J. 2020;53(4):573-584.
  • 28. Nascimento EHL, Gaêta-Araujo H, Andrade MFS, Freitas DQ. Prevalence of technical errors and periapical lesions in a sample of endodontically treated teeth: a CBCT analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22 (7):2495–2503.
  • 29. Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Eriksen HM. The periapical index: a scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis.Endod Dent Traumatol. 1986;2(1):20-34.
  • 30. Özbaş H, Aşcı S, Aydın Y. Examination of the prevalence of periapical lesions and technical qulity of endodontic treatment in a Turkish subpopulation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112(1):136–42.
  • 31. Patel S, Wilson R, Dawood A, Foschi F, Mannocci F. The detection of periapical pathosis using digital periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography - part 2: a 1-year post-treatment follow-up. Int Endod J. 2012;45(8):711-723.
  • 32. Rajasekhar R, Soman S, Sebastian VM, Muliyar S, Cherian NM. Indexes for periapical health evaluation - A review. Int Dent Res 2022;12(2):97-106.
  • 33. Ricucci D, Langeland K. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation, part 2. A histological study. Int Endod J. 1998;31(6):394–409.
  • 34. Sakir M, Ercalik Yalcinkaya S. Associations between Periapical Health of Maxillary Molars and Mucosal Thickening of Maxillary Sinuses in Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Images: A Retrospective Study.J Endod. 2020;46(3):397-403.
  • 35. Shahbazian M, Vandewoude C, Wyatt J, Jacobs R. Comparative assessment of periapical radiography and CBCT imaging for radiodiagnostics in the posterior maxilla. Odontology 2015;103(1):97–104.
  • 36. Sisli SN, Yılmaz B, Özpolat Z, Gülşahı K. Comparative analysis of different periapical index systems used in cone-beam computed tomography. Aust Endod J. 2021;47(3):401-407.
  • 37. Souza-Nunes LA, Verner FS, Rosado LPL, Aquino SN, Carvalho ACP, Junqueira RB. Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale for Endodontically Treated Teeth and Their Association with Maxillary Sinus Abnormalities: A Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Endod. 2019 Dec;45(12):1479-1488.
  • 38. Şanal Çikman A, Köse TE, Günaçar DN, Çene E, Arıcıoğlu B. Evaluation of endodontically treated teeth and related apical periodontitis using periapical and endodontic status scale: Retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study Aust Endod J. 2022; Jun 11 doi:10.1111[Epub ahead of print].
  • 39. Van der Veken D, Curvers F, Fieuws S, Lambrechts P. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and root filled teeth in a Belgian subpopulation found on CBCT images. Int Endod J. 2017;50(4):317–29.
  • 40. Venskutonis T, Plotino G, Tocci L, Gambarini G, Maminskas J, Juodzbalys G. Periapical and endodontic status scale based on periapical bone lesions and endodontic treatment quality evaluation using cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod. 2015;41(2):190-196.
  • 41. Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58(5):589-599.
  • 42. White SC, Pharoah MJ. White and Pharoah's Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2018.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Özgün Araştırmalar
Yazarlar

Işıl Kaya Büyükbayram 0000-0002-3118-9665

Gizem Çolakoğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9471-9993

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 18 Ekim 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya Büyükbayram, I., & Çolakoğlu, G. (2022). Üst Büyük Azı Dişlerinin Endodontik Tedavi Kalitelerinin ve Periapikal Sağlık Durumlarının Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi. European Journal of Research in Dentistry, 6(2), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.32