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Effect of Applying Mouthwashes with an Oral Irrigator on Surface Roughness of Nanohybrid Resin Composites

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 104 - 110, 29.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.101

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different mouthwashes, applied either directly or via an oral irrigator, on the surface roughness of stained nanohybrid single-shade resin composites
Materials and Methods: Two hundred disk-shaped specimens (8×2 mm) were prepared from two nanohybrid single-shade resin composites (Charisma Diamond One and Vittra APS Unique). All specimens were immersed in a coffee solution (3 g/50 mL) for 12 days to simulate one year of staining. Half of the specimens were treated with direct mouthwash immersion for 12 hours, while the other half were exposed to mouthwash solutions delivered using an oral irrigator for 40 seconds. Each method included subgroups (n=10) treated with distilled water, Sensodyne Pronamel, Listerine Fresh Burst, Colgate Plax White+Charcoal, and Crest 3D White. Surface roughness (Ra, µm) was measured using a profilometer at baseline, after staining, and following mouthwash application. Data were analyzed at p<0.05 level by using Robust ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α=0.05).
Results: Coffee staining significantly increased surface roughness compared to baseline (p<0.001). Mouthwash applications reduced roughness compared to the stained condition, but values remained above baseline (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between the application methods (p>0.05). All mouthwashes produced similar surface roughness changes (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Colored beverages increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid single-shade resin composites used in this in vitro study. Mouthwashes reduced roughness in stained specimens but did not restore surfaces to original smoothness. Oral irrigator use did not significantly affect the outcome compared to direct application. Mouthwash and dietary habits should be considered in restorative material selection.

Project Number

11323

References

  • Alavi FN, Hajali F, Salari A, Moein N. Effect of water and chlorhexidine with different pressures of oral irrigation device on the surface roughness and topography of giomer. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2023;24:e220113. doi:10.1590/pboci.2024.010
  • Alharbi M, Farah R. Effect of water-jet flossing on surface roughness and color stability of dental resin-based composites. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(2):e169–e177. doi:10.4317/jced.56153
  • Altalhi AM, Alqahtani NS, Alareefi JA, Alamri SS, Almutairi KS, Bin Dous RA, Albaqami IA. A comparative review of water flossers in periodontal therapy. Cureus. 2023;15(12):e50162. doi:10.7759/cureus.50162
  • Atalay C, Koc Vural U, Tugay B, Miletić I, Gurgan S. Surface gloss, radiopacity and shear bond strength of contemporary universal composite resins. Appl Sci. 2023;13(3):1902. doi:10.3390/app13031902
  • Chowdhury D, Mukherjee S, Maity I, Mazumdar P. Surface roughness and microhardness evaluation of composite resin restorations subjected to three different polishing systems immediately and after 24 h: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent Endod. 2023;26(6):639–645. doi:10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_106_23
  • Cruz da Silva ET, Charamba Leal CF, Miranda SB, Evangelista Santos M, Saeger Meireles S, Maciel de Andrade AK, Japiassú Resende Montes MA. Evaluation of single-shade composite resin color matching on extracted human teeth. ScientificWorldJournal. 2023;2023:4376545. doi:10.1155/2023/4376545
  • Duratbegović D, Pervan N, Jakupović S, Kobašlija S. The effects of intensity, exposure time, and distance of polymerization light on Vickers microhardness and temperature rise of conventional resin-based composite. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16(22):3175. doi:10.3390/polym16223175
  • Gehlot PM, Sudeep P, Manjunath V, Annapoorna BM, Prasada LK, Nandlal B. Influence of various desensitizing mouthrinses and simulated toothbrushing on surface roughness and microhardness of Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill resin composite: an in vitro study and scanning electron microscope analysis. Eur J Dent. 2022;16(4):820–827. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1739547
  • Hamdy TM, Abdelnabi A, Othman MS, Bayoumi RE, Abdelraouf RM. Effect of different mouthwashes on the surface microhardness and color stability of dental nanohybrid resin composite. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(4):815. doi:10.3390/polym15040815
  • Islam MS, Huda N, Mahendran S, Aryal S, Nassar M, Rahman MM. The blending effect of single-shade composite with different shades of conventional resin composites—an in vitro study. Eur J Dent. 2023;17(2):342–348. doi:10.1055/s-0042-1744369
  • Korkut B, Hacıalı C. Color stability of flowable composites in different viscosities. Clin Exp Health Sci. 2020;10(4):454–461. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.816231
  • Korkut B, Tarçın B, Atalı PY, Özcan M. Introduction of a new classification for resin composites with enhanced color adjustment potential. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2023;10(4):223–232. doi:10.1007/s40496-023-00351-2
  • Lucena C, Ruiz-López J, Pulgar R, Della Bona A, Pérez MM. Optical behavior of one-shaded resin-based composites. Dent Mater. 2021;37(5):840–848. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.011
  • Naser-Alavi F, Salari A, Moein N, Talebzadeh A. Effect of oral irrigation device and its solution type on the surface roughness and topography of bulk-fill composite resins. J Clin Exp Dent. 2022;14(2):e123–e130. doi:10.4317/jced.59004
  • Rohym S, Tawfeek HEM, Kamh R. Effect of coffee on color stability and surface roughness of newly introduced single-shade resin composite materials. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23:236. doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02942-y
  • Sarialioglu Gungor A, Erol B, Dönmez N. Evaluation of mechanical properties of three different one-shade resin composites. Selcuk Dent J. 2023;10(1):40–47. doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.1233284
  • Sarıalıoğlu Güngör A, Örcün ME, Dönmez N. Farklı beyazlatıcı diş macunlarının minenin renk değişimi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerindeki etkilerinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesi. NEU Dent J. 2023;5(1):25–34. doi:10.51122/neudentj.2023.55
  • Tepe H, Celiksoz O, Yaman BC. Evaluation of color stability in single-shade composite resins using spectrophotometer and cross-polarized mobile photography. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):280. doi:10.1186/s12903-025-05651-w
  • Valizadeh Haghi H, Molaee S, Oliyanasab P, Isazadehfar K. Effect of different mouthwashes on stain susceptibility of resin composite in contact with beverages. Front Dent. 2023;20:35. doi:10.18502/fid.v20i35.13663
  • Yilmaz E, Mujdeci A. The effect of mouthrinses on surface roughness of two nanohybrid resin composites. Braz Dent Sci. 2021;24(2):1–8. doi:10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2265
  • Yılmaz Atalı P, Doğu Kaya B, Manav Özen A, Tarçın B, Şenol AA, Tüter Bayraktar E, Korkut B, Bilgin Göçmen G, Tağtekin D, Türkmen C. Assessment of micro-hardness, degree of conversion, and flexural strength for single-shade universal resin composites. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14(22):4987. doi:10.3390/polym14224987
  • Zhang L, Yu P, Wang XY. Surface roughness and gloss of polished nanofilled and nanohybrid resin composites. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(4):1198–1203. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2021.03.003
  • Zhu J, Chen S, Anniwaer A, Xu Y, Huang C. Effects of background color and restoration depth on color adjustment potential of a new single-shade resin composite versus multi-shade resin composites. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1328673. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1328673

Ağız Gargaralarının Ağız Duşu ile Uygulanmasının Nanohibrit Kompozitlerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 104 - 110, 29.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.101

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı ağız gargaralarının, ağız duşu kullanılarak veya doğrudan uygulanmasının, renklendirilmiş nanohibrit tek renkli rezin kompozit rezinlerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: İki ayrı nanohibrit tek renkli rezin kompozitten (Charisma Diamond One ve Vittra APS Unique) 8×2 mm boyutlarında toplam 200 adet disk şeklinde örnek hazırlandı. Örneklerin kahve solüsyonunda (3 g/50 mL, 12 gün) bekletilerek bir yıllık kullanıma denk renklendirme yapıldı. Örneklerin yarısına ağız gargaraları doğrudan; diğerlerine ağız duşu aracılığıyla uygulandı. Her grupta distile su, Sensodyne Pronamel, Listerine Fresh Burst, Colgate Plax White+Charcoal ve Crest 3D White gargaralarından oluşan 5 alt grup oluşturuldu (n=40). Doğrudan ağız gargarası uygulanacak örnekler ilgili solüsyonda 12 saat bekletildi. Kalan örneklere ağız duşu haznesine konan solüsyonlar 40 sn süreyle uygulandı. Başlangıç, renklendirme sonrası ve gargara uygulanması sonrası yüzey pürüzlülüğü bir profilometre (Ra, µm) ile ölçüldü. Veriler p <0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde Robust ANOVA ve Bonferroni çoklu karşılaştırmaları ile değerlendirildi (α=0,05).
Bulgular: Kahve ile renklendirme sonra tüm örneklerin yüzey pürüzlülüğünde başlangıca kıyasla anlamlı ölçüde artış gözlendi (p<0,001). Gargara uygulamaları sonrası pürüzlülük değerleri renklendirme sonrasına göre azaldı ancak başlangıç değerlerinin üzerinde kaldı (p<0,05). Ağız duşu ile uygulama ile doğrudan uygulama arasında nihai yüzey pürüzlülüğü açısından istatistiksel fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Farklı gargara solüsyonlarında benzer yüzey pürüzlülüğü değişimleri gözlendi (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Renkli içecekler bu in vitro çalışmada kullanılan her iki nanohibrit rezin kompozitin yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerlerini arttırmaktadır. Ağız gargaraları renkli yüzeylerin pürüzlülük değerlerini iyileştirse de nihai pürüzlülük değerlerinde artışı engelleyememiştir. Ağız duşu kullanımı, gargara solüsyonlarının yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerindeki etkisini doğrudan uygulamaya kıyasla anlamlı derecede değiştirmemiştir. Restoratif materyal seçiminde renkli içecek ve günlük kullanılan ağız gargaralarına maruziyet göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

Project Number

11323

References

  • Alavi FN, Hajali F, Salari A, Moein N. Effect of water and chlorhexidine with different pressures of oral irrigation device on the surface roughness and topography of giomer. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2023;24:e220113. doi:10.1590/pboci.2024.010
  • Alharbi M, Farah R. Effect of water-jet flossing on surface roughness and color stability of dental resin-based composites. J Clin Exp Dent. 2020;12(2):e169–e177. doi:10.4317/jced.56153
  • Altalhi AM, Alqahtani NS, Alareefi JA, Alamri SS, Almutairi KS, Bin Dous RA, Albaqami IA. A comparative review of water flossers in periodontal therapy. Cureus. 2023;15(12):e50162. doi:10.7759/cureus.50162
  • Atalay C, Koc Vural U, Tugay B, Miletić I, Gurgan S. Surface gloss, radiopacity and shear bond strength of contemporary universal composite resins. Appl Sci. 2023;13(3):1902. doi:10.3390/app13031902
  • Chowdhury D, Mukherjee S, Maity I, Mazumdar P. Surface roughness and microhardness evaluation of composite resin restorations subjected to three different polishing systems immediately and after 24 h: an in vitro study. J Conserv Dent Endod. 2023;26(6):639–645. doi:10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_106_23
  • Cruz da Silva ET, Charamba Leal CF, Miranda SB, Evangelista Santos M, Saeger Meireles S, Maciel de Andrade AK, Japiassú Resende Montes MA. Evaluation of single-shade composite resin color matching on extracted human teeth. ScientificWorldJournal. 2023;2023:4376545. doi:10.1155/2023/4376545
  • Duratbegović D, Pervan N, Jakupović S, Kobašlija S. The effects of intensity, exposure time, and distance of polymerization light on Vickers microhardness and temperature rise of conventional resin-based composite. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16(22):3175. doi:10.3390/polym16223175
  • Gehlot PM, Sudeep P, Manjunath V, Annapoorna BM, Prasada LK, Nandlal B. Influence of various desensitizing mouthrinses and simulated toothbrushing on surface roughness and microhardness of Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill resin composite: an in vitro study and scanning electron microscope analysis. Eur J Dent. 2022;16(4):820–827. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1739547
  • Hamdy TM, Abdelnabi A, Othman MS, Bayoumi RE, Abdelraouf RM. Effect of different mouthwashes on the surface microhardness and color stability of dental nanohybrid resin composite. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(4):815. doi:10.3390/polym15040815
  • Islam MS, Huda N, Mahendran S, Aryal S, Nassar M, Rahman MM. The blending effect of single-shade composite with different shades of conventional resin composites—an in vitro study. Eur J Dent. 2023;17(2):342–348. doi:10.1055/s-0042-1744369
  • Korkut B, Hacıalı C. Color stability of flowable composites in different viscosities. Clin Exp Health Sci. 2020;10(4):454–461. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.816231
  • Korkut B, Tarçın B, Atalı PY, Özcan M. Introduction of a new classification for resin composites with enhanced color adjustment potential. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2023;10(4):223–232. doi:10.1007/s40496-023-00351-2
  • Lucena C, Ruiz-López J, Pulgar R, Della Bona A, Pérez MM. Optical behavior of one-shaded resin-based composites. Dent Mater. 2021;37(5):840–848. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.011
  • Naser-Alavi F, Salari A, Moein N, Talebzadeh A. Effect of oral irrigation device and its solution type on the surface roughness and topography of bulk-fill composite resins. J Clin Exp Dent. 2022;14(2):e123–e130. doi:10.4317/jced.59004
  • Rohym S, Tawfeek HEM, Kamh R. Effect of coffee on color stability and surface roughness of newly introduced single-shade resin composite materials. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23:236. doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02942-y
  • Sarialioglu Gungor A, Erol B, Dönmez N. Evaluation of mechanical properties of three different one-shade resin composites. Selcuk Dent J. 2023;10(1):40–47. doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.1233284
  • Sarıalıoğlu Güngör A, Örcün ME, Dönmez N. Farklı beyazlatıcı diş macunlarının minenin renk değişimi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerindeki etkilerinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesi. NEU Dent J. 2023;5(1):25–34. doi:10.51122/neudentj.2023.55
  • Tepe H, Celiksoz O, Yaman BC. Evaluation of color stability in single-shade composite resins using spectrophotometer and cross-polarized mobile photography. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):280. doi:10.1186/s12903-025-05651-w
  • Valizadeh Haghi H, Molaee S, Oliyanasab P, Isazadehfar K. Effect of different mouthwashes on stain susceptibility of resin composite in contact with beverages. Front Dent. 2023;20:35. doi:10.18502/fid.v20i35.13663
  • Yilmaz E, Mujdeci A. The effect of mouthrinses on surface roughness of two nanohybrid resin composites. Braz Dent Sci. 2021;24(2):1–8. doi:10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2265
  • Yılmaz Atalı P, Doğu Kaya B, Manav Özen A, Tarçın B, Şenol AA, Tüter Bayraktar E, Korkut B, Bilgin Göçmen G, Tağtekin D, Türkmen C. Assessment of micro-hardness, degree of conversion, and flexural strength for single-shade universal resin composites. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14(22):4987. doi:10.3390/polym14224987
  • Zhang L, Yu P, Wang XY. Surface roughness and gloss of polished nanofilled and nanohybrid resin composites. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(4):1198–1203. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2021.03.003
  • Zhu J, Chen S, Anniwaer A, Xu Y, Huang C. Effects of background color and restoration depth on color adjustment potential of a new single-shade resin composite versus multi-shade resin composites. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1328673. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1328673
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Restorative Dentistry
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Elifcan Çakır Hepşen 0000-0001-6698-3204

Cafer Türkmen 0000-0003-3015-7765

Pınar Yılmaz Atalı 0000-0003-3121-360X

Project Number 11323
Early Pub Date August 29, 2025
Publication Date August 29, 2025
Submission Date April 25, 2025
Acceptance Date June 18, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çakır Hepşen, E., Türkmen, C., & Yılmaz Atalı, P. (2025). Effect of Applying Mouthwashes with an Oral Irrigator on Surface Roughness of Nanohybrid Resin Composites. European Journal of Research in Dentistry, 9(2), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.29228/erd.101