Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 59 - 74, 31.10.2023

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Avdaliani, Emil (2023). “China’s 2023 trade and investment with Türkiye: Development Trends.” Silk Road Briefing. Retrieved from https://www. silkroadbriefing.com/news/2023/01/25/chinas-2023-trade-and-investment-with-turkiye-trends/. Accessed: 14.09.2023.
  • Bloomberg (2017). Türkiye Chooses Russia Over NATO for Missile Defense. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-13/Türkiye-is-said-to-agree-to-pay-2-5b-for-4-russian-s-400-sams. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Brodie, Nicol (2017). “Why is Türkiye so eager to be led down the Belt and Road?” East Asia Forum. Retrieved from http://www.eastasiaforum. org/2017/10/28/why-is-Türkiye-so-eager-to-be-led-down-the-belt-and-road/. Accessed: 13.09.2022.
  • China Daily (2016). Türkiye, China Conclude First Lira-Yuan Swap Deal. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-12/09/ content_27621638.htm. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Daily Sabah (2017). Erdoğan Meets China’s Xi, World Leaders on the Sidelines of OBOR Summit. Retrieved from https://www.dailysabah.com/ diplomacy/2017/05/13/erdogan-meets-chinas-xi-world-leaders-on-the-sidelines-of-obor-summit. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Delegation of the European Union to Türkiye (2023). Bilateral Trade & Investment Overview. Retrieved from https://www.avrupa.info.tr/en/bilateral-trade-investment-overview-investments-49. Accessed: 24.08.2022.
  • Diplomatist (2020). The Malacca Dilemma and Chinese Ambitions: Two Sides of a Coin. Retrieved from https://diplomatist.com/2020/07/07/the-malacca-dilemma-and-chinese-ambitions-two-sides-of-a-coin/. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • International Monetary Fund (2022). Report for Selected Countries and Subjects. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/ April/weo-report. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Jones, Dorian (2014). “Turkey Sees Surge in Xenophobia.” Voice of Amer¬ica. Retrieved from https://www.voanews.com/a/Türkiye-sees-surge-in-xenophobia/2523416.html. Accessed: 13.09.2022.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (2017). Interview with Chinese General Consul in Istanbul, Qian Bo. Retrieved from http://www. fmprc.gov.cn/web/dszlsjt_673036/t1457079.shtml. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • NATO (2022). Strategic Concepts. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/ natohq/topics_56626.htm. Accessed: 06.11.2021.
  • Republic of Türki̇ye Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2023). Relations between Türkiye and the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved from https://www.mfa. gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-china.en.mfa. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2023). Türkiye-People’s Republic of China Economic and Trade Relations. Retrieved from http://www. mfa.gov.tr/Türkiye_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-china.en.mfa. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Reuters (2013). Chinese Firm Wins Türkiye’s Missile Defense System Tender. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-Türkiye-china-defence/chinese-firm-wins-Türkiyes-missile-defense-system-tender-idUSBRE98P10620130926/. Accessed: 13.09.2022.
  • Reuters (2015). Türkiye Confirms Cancellation of $3.4 Billion Missile Defence. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-Türkiye-china-missile/ Türkiye-confirms-cancellation-of-3-4-billion-missile-defence-project-awarded-to-china-idUSKCN0T61OV20151118. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Rhodium Group (2021). Chinese FDI in Europe: 2021 Update. Retrieved from https://rhg.com/research/chinese-fdi-in-europe-2021-update/. Accessed: 23.10.2022.
  • The Global Economy (2022). Exchange Rate to USD Around the World. Retrieved from https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/Dollar_ exchange_rate/. Accessed: 18.04.2023.
  • TRT (2017). World Economy 21: Belt and Road and Türkiye. Retrieved from https://www.trt.net.tr/chinese/zhuan-ti-jie-mu/2017/05/29/shi-jie-jing-ji-21-dai-lu-yu-tu-er-qi-741618. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (2022). Foreign Trade Statistics. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics- July-2022-45542. Accessed: 18.04.2023.
  • World Bank (2023). Türkiye GDP Growth. Retrieved from https://data. worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2021&locations=TR&st art=2000&view=chart. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Yenikeyeff, Shamil (2023). The SCO Energy Club in the Changing Global Ener¬gy Order. Valdai Club. Retrieved from https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/the-sco-energy-club-in-the-changing-global-energy-/. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Zou, Zhiqiang (2017). “Production Cooperation between China and Türkiye under the Background of the Belt and the Road.” Journal of Northwest Minzu University 6: 131–139.

RELATIONS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 59 - 74, 31.10.2023

Öz

The China Dream articulated by President Xi Jinping when he took office in 2012 guides China’s new Global Strategy, particularly the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) announced in 2013. Türkiye is also interested in this initiative and embraces it politically, with the idea that it will strengthen regional connectivity and thus increase commercial and economic gains. As a result, it completed many transportation projects on its route. However, Türkiye still faces a number of problems such as regional instability, security risks, lack of mutual trust and lack of robust guarantee mechanisms. On the other hand, Chinese businesses in Türkiye also face higher financing risk, strong competition and operational risks. In addition, there are other non-economic risks arising from politics, security and cultural differences. In this article, using SWOT analysis, the strengths and opportunities for Türkiye will be analyzed while the weaknesses and threats for BRI will be examined.

Kaynakça

  • Avdaliani, Emil (2023). “China’s 2023 trade and investment with Türkiye: Development Trends.” Silk Road Briefing. Retrieved from https://www. silkroadbriefing.com/news/2023/01/25/chinas-2023-trade-and-investment-with-turkiye-trends/. Accessed: 14.09.2023.
  • Bloomberg (2017). Türkiye Chooses Russia Over NATO for Missile Defense. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-13/Türkiye-is-said-to-agree-to-pay-2-5b-for-4-russian-s-400-sams. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Brodie, Nicol (2017). “Why is Türkiye so eager to be led down the Belt and Road?” East Asia Forum. Retrieved from http://www.eastasiaforum. org/2017/10/28/why-is-Türkiye-so-eager-to-be-led-down-the-belt-and-road/. Accessed: 13.09.2022.
  • China Daily (2016). Türkiye, China Conclude First Lira-Yuan Swap Deal. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2016-12/09/ content_27621638.htm. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Daily Sabah (2017). Erdoğan Meets China’s Xi, World Leaders on the Sidelines of OBOR Summit. Retrieved from https://www.dailysabah.com/ diplomacy/2017/05/13/erdogan-meets-chinas-xi-world-leaders-on-the-sidelines-of-obor-summit. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Delegation of the European Union to Türkiye (2023). Bilateral Trade & Investment Overview. Retrieved from https://www.avrupa.info.tr/en/bilateral-trade-investment-overview-investments-49. Accessed: 24.08.2022.
  • Diplomatist (2020). The Malacca Dilemma and Chinese Ambitions: Two Sides of a Coin. Retrieved from https://diplomatist.com/2020/07/07/the-malacca-dilemma-and-chinese-ambitions-two-sides-of-a-coin/. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • International Monetary Fund (2022). Report for Selected Countries and Subjects. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/ April/weo-report. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Jones, Dorian (2014). “Turkey Sees Surge in Xenophobia.” Voice of Amer¬ica. Retrieved from https://www.voanews.com/a/Türkiye-sees-surge-in-xenophobia/2523416.html. Accessed: 13.09.2022.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (2017). Interview with Chinese General Consul in Istanbul, Qian Bo. Retrieved from http://www. fmprc.gov.cn/web/dszlsjt_673036/t1457079.shtml. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • NATO (2022). Strategic Concepts. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/ natohq/topics_56626.htm. Accessed: 06.11.2021.
  • Republic of Türki̇ye Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2023). Relations between Türkiye and the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved from https://www.mfa. gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-china.en.mfa. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2023). Türkiye-People’s Republic of China Economic and Trade Relations. Retrieved from http://www. mfa.gov.tr/Türkiye_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-china.en.mfa. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Reuters (2013). Chinese Firm Wins Türkiye’s Missile Defense System Tender. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-Türkiye-china-defence/chinese-firm-wins-Türkiyes-missile-defense-system-tender-idUSBRE98P10620130926/. Accessed: 13.09.2022.
  • Reuters (2015). Türkiye Confirms Cancellation of $3.4 Billion Missile Defence. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-Türkiye-china-missile/ Türkiye-confirms-cancellation-of-3-4-billion-missile-defence-project-awarded-to-china-idUSKCN0T61OV20151118. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Rhodium Group (2021). Chinese FDI in Europe: 2021 Update. Retrieved from https://rhg.com/research/chinese-fdi-in-europe-2021-update/. Accessed: 23.10.2022.
  • The Global Economy (2022). Exchange Rate to USD Around the World. Retrieved from https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/Dollar_ exchange_rate/. Accessed: 18.04.2023.
  • TRT (2017). World Economy 21: Belt and Road and Türkiye. Retrieved from https://www.trt.net.tr/chinese/zhuan-ti-jie-mu/2017/05/29/shi-jie-jing-ji-21-dai-lu-yu-tu-er-qi-741618. Accessed: 03.09.2021.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (2022). Foreign Trade Statistics. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics- July-2022-45542. Accessed: 18.04.2023.
  • World Bank (2023). Türkiye GDP Growth. Retrieved from https://data. worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2021&locations=TR&st art=2000&view=chart. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Yenikeyeff, Shamil (2023). The SCO Energy Club in the Changing Global Ener¬gy Order. Valdai Club. Retrieved from https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/the-sco-energy-club-in-the-changing-global-energy-/. Accessed: 18.09.2023.
  • Zou, Zhiqiang (2017). “Production Cooperation between China and Türkiye under the Background of the Belt and the Road.” Journal of Northwest Minzu University 6: 131–139.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Seyit Ali Avcu Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6890-9139

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 30 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Avcu, S. A. (2023). RELATIONS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS. Eurasian Research Journal, 5(4), 59-74.