Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology 2149-4584 Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi 10.18185/erzifbed.1164167 Engineering Mühendislik A Study on Determination of Natural Radionuclide Concentrations in Tap Water Samples Collected from the Districts of Sinop Province, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-9526 Dizman Serdar Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi 12 31 2023 16 3 888 898 08 19 2022 10 18 2022 Copyright © 2008, Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2008 Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

Since Turkey's second nuclear power plant is planned to be built in Sinop province, it is very important to determine the background levels of radioactivity in this region. In the present study, activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K natural radionuclides in nine tap water samples collected from the districts of Sinop province located in the north of Turkey were determined using a high purity germanium detector (HPGe). The coordinates of sampling areas were also recorded by GPS device (Magellan Explorist 510). The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides in the studied waters were calculated to be 1.74 ± 0.49 Bq/L, 1.39 ± 0.35 Bq/L and 5.32 ± 1.41 Bq/L. In addition, annual effective dose equivalents from the intake of these radionuclides in the tap water samples were calculated for infants, children and adults and the found results were compared with the values recommended by international organizations. As a result, there is no risk in terms of natural radioactivity in the consumption of studied waters by humans.

 Natural radioactivity Radionuclide Tap water Nuclear power plant Sinop ABPRS. (2021). Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS). Turkish Statistical Institute. Agbalagba, E. O., Avwiri, G. O., & Ononugbo, C. P. (2013). Activity concentration and radiological impact assessment of 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K in drinking waters from (OML) 30, 58 and 61 oil fields and host communities in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 116, 197–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.08.017 Ajayi, O. S., & Owolabi, T. P. (2018). Determination of natural radioactivity in drinking water in private dug wells in akure, southwestern Nigeria. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 128(4), 477–484. Altıkulaç, A., Turhan, Ş., & Gümüş, H. (2015). The natural and artificial radionuclides in drinking water samples and consequent population doses. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 8(4), 578–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2015.06.007 Baume, O., Skøien, J. O., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Pebesma, E. J., & Melles, S. J. (2011). A geostatistical approach to data harmonization - Application to radioactivity exposure data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 13(3), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2010.09.002 Clark, I. (1979). Practical Geostatistics. London: Elsevier. Desideri, D., Roselli, C., Feduzi, L., & Meli, M. A. (2007). Radiological characterization of drinking waters in Central Italy. Microchemical Journal, 87(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2007.04.006 Dizman, S., Görür, F. K., Keser, R., & Görür, O. (2019). The assessment of radioactivity and radiological hazards in soils of Bolu province, Turkey. Environmental Forensics, 20(3), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2019.1629129 Dizman, S., & Mukhtarli, O. (2021). Tritium concentrations and consequent doses in bottled natural and mineral waters sold in Turkey and Azerbaijan. Chemosphere, 267, 128721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128721 Dizman, Serdar, & Sarı, S. (2021). Ovit Dağbaşı Gölü Suyunda Doğal Radyoaktivite Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 16–24. Ehsanpour, E., Abdi, M. R., Mostajaboddavati, M., & Bagheri, H. (2014). 226Ra , 232Th and 40K contents in water samples in part of central deserts in Iran and their potential radiological risk to human population. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 12(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-12-80 Gorur, F. K., & Camgoz, H. (2014). Natural radioactivity in various water samples and radiation dose estimations in Bolu province, Turkey. Chemosphere, 112, 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.074 Grigorescu, E. L., Sahagia, M., Razdolescu, A. C., Luca, A., & Ivan, C. (2002). Standardization of Eu-152. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 56, 435–439. IAEA. (1989). Measurement of radionuclides in food and the environment. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Au, Technical Report Series-295. ICRP. (1996). Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 5, compilation of ingestion and inhalation dose coefficients. International Commission on Radiological Protection, Public. 72, Oxford, United Kingdom: Pergamon Press. ISO. (2015). Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Part 2: Guidance for the selection of the sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samples. International Organization for Standardization, No. ISO 18589-2. Janković, M. M., Todorović, D. J., Todorović, N. A., & Nikolov, J. (2012). Natural radionuclides in drinking waters in Serbia. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 70(12), 2703–2710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.08.013 Krige, D. (1960). On the departure of ore value distributions from the lognormal model in South African gold mines. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1, 231–244. Landsberger, S. G., & George, G. (2013). An evaluation of 226Ra and 228Ra in drinking water in several counties in texas, USA. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 125, 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.016 Matheron, G. (1963). Principles of geostatistics. Economic Geology, 58, 1246–1266. Osman, A. A. A., Salih, I., Shaddad, I. A., El Din, S., Siddeeg, M. B., Eltayeb, H., … Yousif, E. H. (2008). Investigation of natural radioactivity levels in water around Kadugli, Sudan. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 66(11), 1650–1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.06.014 WHO. (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 4th editio, WA 675, Geneva. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44584 Yalcin, P., Terzi, M., Bastug, A., Taskin, H., Varinlioglu, A., Tasdelen, B., … Bozkurt, A. (2012). Investigation of radioactivity level in soil and drinking water samples collected from the city of Erzincan, Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 291(3), 999–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1596-7 Yeşilkanat, C. M., Kobya, Y., Taşkin, H., & Çevik, U. (2015). Dose rate estimates and spatial interpolation maps of outdoor gamma dose rate with geostatistical methods; A case study from Artvin, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 150, 132–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.08.011