Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology 2149-4584 Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi 10.18185/erzifbed.1581226 Plant Biotechnology Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Bitki Biyoteknolojisi Bitki Hücresi ve Moleküler Biyoloji Investigating TIFY Genes for Salt Stress Adaptation in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): A Genome-Wide Approach Investigating TIFY Genes for Salt Stress Adaptation in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): A Genome-Wide Approach https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-0193 Yigider Esma ATATURK UNIVERSITY 03 28 2025 18 1 213 228 11 07 2024 03 17 2025 Copyright © 2008, Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2008 Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

TIFY ailesi, TIFY, Jas ve GATA motiflerini içeren bitkilerin savunma mekanizmalarında ve stres faktörlerine karşı verdikleri yanıtta önemli rol oynayan bir gen ailesidir. TIFY gen ailesi birçok bitki türünde araştırılmış olmasına rağmen, kinoada henüz incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, 16 Cq-TIFY geni tanımlanmış, bu genler Cq-TIFY-1’den Cq-TIFY-16’ya kadar numaralandırılarak yapısal ve işlevsel özellikleri karakterize edilmiştir. Tanımlanan Cq-TIFY proteinlerinin moleküler ağırlıkları 19,99 ile 48,59 kDa, amino asit sayıları 189 ile 450, teorik izoelektrik noktaları ise 4,84 ile 10,1 arasında değişmektedir. Filogenetik analiz sonuçlarına göre, TIFY genlerinin üç sınıfa ayrıldığı belirlenmiştir. Gen ailesinin farklı sınıflarındaki üyelerin gen yapılarının genellikle benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kinoa’da yedi segmental duplikasyon geçirmiş gen tanımlanmış olup, Ka/Ks analizi bu genlerin evrimsel süreçte arındırıcı (negatif) seçilime maruz kaldığını göstermiştir. Chenopodium quinoa, Arabidopsis thaliana ve Spinacia oleracea türleri arasındaki TIFY genlerinin sinteni analizi, bu üç bitki arasında TIFY genleri açısından bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Promotör analizi sonucunda, TIFY genlerinde strese duyarlı ve hormonla ilişkili cis-elementlerin varlığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Araştırmada, RNA-seq verileri, tuz stres koşulları altında kök ve sürgün dokularında Cq-TIFY genlerinin ifade modellerini incelemek için kullanılmıştır. Genlerin tuz stresi altındaki ifade profili köklerde ve sürgünlerde dokuya özgü olarak farklılık göstermiş ve ifadelerinde anlamlı bir artış belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç, genlerin tuz toleransı mekanizmalarında rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Bu çalışma, kinoadaki TIFY gen ailesine dair bilgimizi artırmakta ve klasik ıslah veya genetik mühendisliği yoluyla stres toleransını artırmaya yönelik bir temel oluşturmaktadır.

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