Research Article
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E- Öğrenme Memnuniyet Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 46 - 54, 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1717382
https://izlik.org/JA99ZW25HH

Abstract

Amaç: E-öğrenme eğitiminin COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte tüm dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılması ve internet teknolojisindeki ilerlemeler nedeniyle, öğrenci memnuniyetini kolayca ölçmek için doğrulanmış bir ölçüm aracına ihtiyaç olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma e-Öğrenme Memnuniyeti Ölçeği'nin (e-ÖMÖ) Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliğini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç Yöntem Metodolojik türdeki araştırma Kasım 2022- Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesinden toplam 537 öğrencileri ile yürütüldü. Ölçeğin kapsam geçerliliğini belirlemek amacıyla maddeler uzman görüşüne sunuldu. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edildi. Çalışmada ölçeğin kararlılığını test etmek amacıyla eşdeğer (paralel) formlar güvenilirliği yöntemi kullanıldı. Bulgular Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değeri 0.94, Bartlett testi χ2 126.773; p < 0.001 olarak belirlendi. Faktör yük değerlerinin “Content” alt boyutu için .825-.354 aralığında, “Interface” alt boyutu için .859-.571 aralığında ve “Communication” alt boyutu için .802-.654 aralığında olduğu saptandı. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde test edilen ölçekli modelin uyum indeksleri χ 2 /df = 4.332, TLI = .915, RMSEA = .079, SRMR = .0481, AGFI = .857, GFI = .896, IFI = .931 CFI = .930 olarak belirlendi. Taslak ölçeğin yapısı 3 faktör ve 17 madde ile doğrulandı. Cronbach alfa değerleri ölçeğin alt boyutları için 0.86-0.86-0.83, toplam ölçek için 0.93 olarak bulundu. Sonuç Bu ölçeğin, Sağlık bilimleri öğrencilerinin e-öğrenme memnuniyet düzeylerini belirlemede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu saptandı.

References

  • Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.7275/qv2q-rk76
  • Bergmann, J., Krewer, C., Müller, F., & Jahn, K. (2022). The Scale for Retropulsion: Internal consistency, reliability and construct validity. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 65(2), 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101537
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2011). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge.
  • Cantoni, V., Cellario, M., & Porta, M. (2004). Perspectives and challenges in e-learning: Towards natural interaction paradigms. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing, 15(5), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2003.10.002
  • Clark, D. A., & Bowles, R. P. (2018). Model fit and item factor analysis: Overfactoring, underfactoring, and a program to guide interpretation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 53(4), 544–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2018.1461058
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (2. bs.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Duffecy, J., Grekin, R., Hinkel, H., Gallivan, N., Nelson, G., & O'Hara, M. W. (2019). A group-based online intervention to prevent postpartum depression (Sunnyside): Feasibility randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 6(5), e10778. https://doi.org/10.2196/10778
  • Forman, D., Nyatanga, L., & Rich, T. (2002). E-learning and educational diversity. Nurse Education Today, 22(1), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1054/nedt.2001.0740
  • Geçer, A. K., & Topal, A. D. (2015). Development of satisfaction scale for e-course: Reliability and validity study. Theory and Practice in Education, 11(4), 1272–1287.
  • Hwang, S., & Kim, H. K. (2022). Development and validation of the e-learning satisfaction scale (eLSS). Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 17(4), 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2022.02.004
  • Lara, J. A., Aljawarneh, S., & Pamplona, S. (2020). Special issue on the current trends in e-learning assessment. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-019-09235-w
  • Lee, D. H., & Hwang, S. G. (2005). A study on education satisfaction of e-learning. Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems, 15(2), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.5391/JKIIS.2005.15.2.245
  • Maatuk, A. M., Elberkawi, E. K., Aljawarneh, S., Rashaideh, H., & Alharbi, H. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and e-learning: Challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students and instructors. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 34(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09274-2
  • Mazanec, P., Ferrell, B., Malloy, P., & Virani, R. (2019). Educating associate degree nursing students in primary palliative care using online e-learning. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 14(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2018.10.002
  • Mystakidis, S., Berki, E., & Valtanen, J. P. (2021). Deep and meaningful e-learning with social virtual reality environments in higher education: A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences, 11(5), 2412. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052412
  • Sinclair, P. M., Kable, A., Levett-Jones, T., & Booth, D. (2016). The effectiveness of internet-based e-learning on clinician behaviour and patient outcomes: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.011
  • Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Factor analysis and validity in social sciences: Application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(2), 74–85.

The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 46 - 54, 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1717382
https://izlik.org/JA99ZW25HH

Abstract

Objective: Because of the widespread use of e-learning education worldwide with the COVID-19 pandemic and advancements in internet technology, it has been observed that there is a need for a validated measurement tool to easily measure student satisfaction. The present research was performed to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the e-Learning Satisfaction Scale (e-LSS). Methods The present research is a cross-sectional, methodological study. A university in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. A total of 537 health science students participated in the study. The current study was performed with students studying in the fields of health sciences at Atatürk University between November 2022 and February 2023. To determine the scale’s content validity, the items were submitted to expert opinion. The construct validity of the scale was tested using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In the study, the equivalent (parallel) forms reliability method was employed to test the scale’s stability. Results In accordance with the results of exploratory factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.94, Bartlett’s test value was χ2 126.773, and the p-value was < 0.001. Factor loading values were found to be in the range of .825-.354 for the “Content” subscale, between .859-.571 for the “Interface” subscale, and between .802-.654 for the “Communication” subscale. The fit indices of the scaled model tested in confirmatory factor analysis were identified as χ 2 /df = 4.332, TLI = .915, RMSEA = .079, SRMR = .0481, AGFI = .857, GFI = .896, IFI = .931, and CFI = .930. The structure of the draft scale was confirmed with 3 factors and 17 items. Cronbach's alpha values were 0.86-0.86-0.83 for the subscales and 0.93 for the overall scale. Conclusions It was revealed that this scale was a valid and reliable measurement tool in determining the e-learning satisfaction levels of health science students.

References

  • Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.7275/qv2q-rk76
  • Bergmann, J., Krewer, C., Müller, F., & Jahn, K. (2022). The Scale for Retropulsion: Internal consistency, reliability and construct validity. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 65(2), 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101537
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2011). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge.
  • Cantoni, V., Cellario, M., & Porta, M. (2004). Perspectives and challenges in e-learning: Towards natural interaction paradigms. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing, 15(5), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2003.10.002
  • Clark, D. A., & Bowles, R. P. (2018). Model fit and item factor analysis: Overfactoring, underfactoring, and a program to guide interpretation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 53(4), 544–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2018.1461058
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (2. bs.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Duffecy, J., Grekin, R., Hinkel, H., Gallivan, N., Nelson, G., & O'Hara, M. W. (2019). A group-based online intervention to prevent postpartum depression (Sunnyside): Feasibility randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 6(5), e10778. https://doi.org/10.2196/10778
  • Forman, D., Nyatanga, L., & Rich, T. (2002). E-learning and educational diversity. Nurse Education Today, 22(1), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1054/nedt.2001.0740
  • Geçer, A. K., & Topal, A. D. (2015). Development of satisfaction scale for e-course: Reliability and validity study. Theory and Practice in Education, 11(4), 1272–1287.
  • Hwang, S., & Kim, H. K. (2022). Development and validation of the e-learning satisfaction scale (eLSS). Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 17(4), 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2022.02.004
  • Lara, J. A., Aljawarneh, S., & Pamplona, S. (2020). Special issue on the current trends in e-learning assessment. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-019-09235-w
  • Lee, D. H., & Hwang, S. G. (2005). A study on education satisfaction of e-learning. Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems, 15(2), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.5391/JKIIS.2005.15.2.245
  • Maatuk, A. M., Elberkawi, E. K., Aljawarneh, S., Rashaideh, H., & Alharbi, H. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and e-learning: Challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students and instructors. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 34(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09274-2
  • Mazanec, P., Ferrell, B., Malloy, P., & Virani, R. (2019). Educating associate degree nursing students in primary palliative care using online e-learning. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 14(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2018.10.002
  • Mystakidis, S., Berki, E., & Valtanen, J. P. (2021). Deep and meaningful e-learning with social virtual reality environments in higher education: A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences, 11(5), 2412. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052412
  • Sinclair, P. M., Kable, A., Levett-Jones, T., & Booth, D. (2016). The effectiveness of internet-based e-learning on clinician behaviour and patient outcomes: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 57, 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.011
  • Sousa, V. D., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011). Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: A clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
  • Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Factor analysis and validity in social sciences: Application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(2), 74–85.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeynep Karaman Özlü 0000-0001-8896-5461

Azime Günaydınlı 0000-0002-2567-1930

Merve Kaya 0000-0002-1442-5638

İzzet Uçan 0000-0002-9668-1829

Adnan Taşgın 0000-0002-3704-861X

İbrahim Ozlu 0000-0002-0821-7592

Adnan Küçükoğlu 0000-0002-8522-258X

Ayhan Saracoglu 0009-0007-7556-6307

Submission Date June 11, 2025
Acceptance Date February 24, 2026
Publication Date March 30, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1717382
IZ https://izlik.org/JA99ZW25HH
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karaman Özlü, Z., Günaydınlı, A., Kaya, M., Uçan, İ., Taşgın, A., Ozlu, İ., Küçükoğlu, A., & Saracoglu, A. (2026). The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, 9(1), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1717382
AMA 1.Karaman Özlü Z, Günaydınlı A, Kaya M, et al. The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2026;9(1):46-54. doi:10.62425/esbder.1717382
Chicago Karaman Özlü, Zeynep, Azime Günaydınlı, Merve Kaya, et al. 2026. “The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 9 (1): 46-54. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1717382.
EndNote Karaman Özlü Z, Günaydınlı A, Kaya M, Uçan İ, Taşgın A, Ozlu İ, Küçükoğlu A, Saracoglu A (March 1, 2026) The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 9 1 46–54.
IEEE [1]Z. Karaman Özlü et al., “The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale”, Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 46–54, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.62425/esbder.1717382.
ISNAD Karaman Özlü, Zeynep - Günaydınlı, Azime - Kaya, Merve - Uçan, İzzet - Taşgın, Adnan - Ozlu, İbrahim - Küçükoğlu, Adnan - Saracoglu, Ayhan. “The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 9/1 (March 1, 2026): 46-54. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1717382.
JAMA 1.Karaman Özlü Z, Günaydınlı A, Kaya M, Uçan İ, Taşgın A, Ozlu İ, Küçükoğlu A, Saracoglu A. The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2026;9:46–54.
MLA Karaman Özlü, Zeynep, et al. “The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, vol. 9, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 46-54, doi:10.62425/esbder.1717382.
Vancouver 1.Zeynep Karaman Özlü, Azime Günaydınlı, Merve Kaya, İzzet Uçan, Adnan Taşgın, İbrahim Ozlu, Adnan Küçükoğlu, Ayhan Saracoglu. The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the E-Learning Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2026 Mar. 1;9(1):46-54. doi:10.62425/esbder.1717382

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