Research Article

Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Volume: 9 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
TR EN

Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Abstract

Objective: Research on hyperemesis gravidarum has expanded in recent years; however, validated instruments specifically designed to assess coping strategies in women with hyperemesis gravidarum remain scarce. This study aimed to develop a measurement tool to assess how pregnant women cope with hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods: This methodological study was conducted between July 1, 2022, and April 30, 2023. The study population was comprised of pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Of 400 eligible participants, 28 were excluded because of incomplete or erroneous questionnaires, resulting in a final sample of 372. Scale development included item generation, expert-based content validation, pilot testing, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and internal consistency assessment. The initial 65-item pool was reduced to 40 items following expert evaluation and pilot testing, and subsequently to 28 items based on EFA. Results: EFA yielded a 28-item, five-factor structure explaining 52.51% of the total variance. The dimensions were Thought and Awareness, Communication, Food and Supplements, Physical Interventions, and Self-Care. Sampling adequacy was supported by a KMO value of 0.862 and a significant Bartlett's test (χ²=3666.127, df=378, p<.001). Factor loadings ranged from 0.502 to 0.820. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.825. CFA supported the five-factor structure (χ²/df=2.348, RMSEA=0.060, SRMR=0.064, CFI=0.915, GFI=0.916, TLI=0.900). Conclusion: The HGCS, consisting of 28 items across five sub-dimensions, was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing coping strategies in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

The trial will be conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki. The whole project has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Ondokuz Mayıs University (Approval Number: 2022/304, number:B.30.2.ODM.0.20.08/403).

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Clinical Midwifery

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

September 19, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 11, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 3

APA
Bal, S., Koç, E., & Keten Edis, E. (2026). Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, 9(3), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1787289
AMA
1.Bal S, Koç E, Keten Edis E. Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2026;9(3):213-224. doi:10.62425/esbder.1787289
Chicago
Bal, Sümeyye, Emine Koç, and Elif Keten Edis. 2026. “Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women With Hyperemesis Gravidarum”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 9 (3): 213-24. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1787289.
EndNote
Bal S, Koç E, Keten Edis E (September 1, 2026) Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 9 3 213–224.
IEEE
[1]S. Bal, E. Koç, and E. Keten Edis, “Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum”, Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 213–224, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.62425/esbder.1787289.
ISNAD
Bal, Sümeyye - Koç, Emine - Keten Edis, Elif. “Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women With Hyperemesis Gravidarum”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences 9/3 (September 1, 2026): 213-224. https://doi.org/10.62425/esbder.1787289.
JAMA
1.Bal S, Koç E, Keten Edis E. Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2026;9:213–224.
MLA
Bal, Sümeyye, et al. “Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women With Hyperemesis Gravidarum”. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 213-24, doi:10.62425/esbder.1787289.
Vancouver
1.Sümeyye Bal, Emine Koç, Elif Keten Edis. Development and Psychometric Validation of a Coping Scale for Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2026 Sep. 1;9(3):213-24. doi:10.62425/esbder.1787289

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