Eleştirel Bir İnceleme: Türkiye ve Birleşik Krallık'ta Doğum Sonrası Dönemi Çevreleyen Geleneksel Uygulamaların Emzirmeye Etkisi

Yıl 2022, , 131 - 138, 30.12.2022

Guldane Damla Kaya

https://doi.org/10.5152/JMHS.2022.930630

Cited By: 1

Öz

Uzun yıllar boyunca, birçok kültürel uygulamanın oldukça tartışmalı doğasını anlamak için birçok
çalışma yapılmıştır. Doğum sonrası dönemin daha geniş kolektif ritüellerini incelemek, kültürel
emzirme uygulamalarını anlamak için yararlıdır.Batı toplumlarında emzirme oranları daha düşük
olmasına rağmen, gelişmemiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde geleneksel emzirme uygulamaları oldukça yaygındır. Birleşik Krallık'taki sosyal ve kültürel yapı Türkiye'ye benzemese de, iki ülke arasında
geleneksel doğum sonrası uygulamaların emzirmeye etkisi açısından büyük farklılıklar görülemeyebilir. Bu Eleştirel derleme, son uygulamaları tanımlamak için 2007'den 2021'e kadar olan
araştırmaları belirlemeyi amaçladı. Bunun için, çeşitli kombinasyonlarda beş anahtar arama kelimesi kullanılmıştır: emzirme, kültürel uygulamalar, doğum sonrası emzirme uygulamaları, bebek
beslemesi, doğum sonrası geleneksel uygulamalar. Bu inceleme için aranan başlıca veritabanları
arasında PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, MIDIRS, Cochrane, DergiPark ve Ulusal Tez Merkezi
bulunmaktadır. Bu eleştirel incelemenin bulguları, klinik uygulamalara ve gelecekteki çalışmalara
olumlu katkılar sağlayabilir. Anne sütü ve emzirmenin hem anne hem de bebek için fizyolojik
ve psikososyal açıdan faydalı olduğu ve pek çok toplumda kültürel uygulamalar doğum sonrası
bakımda kritik ve temel bir rol oynadığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca doğum sonrası bakımda farklı
geleneksel uygulamaların var olabileceğini ortaya koyan geleneksel doğum sonu uygulamalar ile
ilgili literatürde daha fazla çalışma yapılması gerekli ve önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emzirme, kültürel uygulamalar, doğum sonrası emzirme uygulamaları, geleneksel emzirme uygulamaları

Teşekkür

İngiltere'deki yüksek lisans ve doktora eğitimim sırasında bana tam burslu şekilde maddi ve manevi destek sağlayan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükümetine ve Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'na çok teşekkür ederim.

A Critical Review: Traditional Practices Surrounding Postpartum Period Impact on Breastfeeding in Turkey and the UK

Öz

For many years, many studies have been conducted to understand the highly controversial nature
of many cultural practices. Viewing the wider collective rituals of the postpartum period is helpful
to understand cultural breastfeeding practices. Despite breastfeeding rates being lower in Western
societies, traditional breastfeeding practices are quite common in underdeveloped and developing countries. Although the social and cultural structure in the UK does not seem similar to that of
Turkey, great differences in terms of traditional postpartum practice effect on breastfeeding may
not be seen between the two countries. The critical review aimed to identify a search for the recent
practice from 2007 to 2021. Five key search words are used in various combinations including the
following: breastfeeding, cultural practices, postpartum breastfeeding practices, infant feeding, and
postpartum traditional practices. The major databases searched for this review include PubMed,
MEDLINE, Google Scholar, MIDIRS, Cochrane, DergiPark, and Turkish equivalent of the International
Scientific Citation Index (Higher Education Council National Thesis Centre). The findings of this critical review provided positive contributions to clinical practices and future studies. Breastfeeding is
beneficial both physiologically and psychosocially for both mother and baby, and traditional cultural
practices play a critical and fundamental role in postnatal care in many societies. In addition, it is
necessary and important to carry out more studies in the literature related to traditional breastfeeding practices, revealing the fact that different practices can be done in postnatal care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Breastfeeding, cultural practices, postpartum breastfeeding practices, traditional breastfeeding practices

Kaynakça

• Baker, J. D. (2016). The purpose, process and methods of writing a literature review. AORN Journal, 103(3), 265–269. [CrossRef]
• Beauregard, J. L., Hamner, H. C., Chen, J., Avila-Rodriguez, W., Elam-Evans, L. D., & Perrine, C. G. (2019). Racial disparities in breastfeeding initiation and duration among US infants born in 2015. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68(34), 745–748. [CrossRef]
• Bina, R. (2008). The impact of cultural factors upon postpartum depression: A literature review. Health Care for Women International, 29(6), 568–592. [CrossRef]
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. [CrossRef]
• Breastfeeding Report Card. (2014). National Immunization Surveys: The United States. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm
• Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed, pp. 36–57). Oxford University Press.
• Census Analysis. (2011). Ethnicity and religion of the non-UK born population in England and Wales. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/articles/2011censusan alysisethnicityandreligionofthenonukbornpopulationinenglandandwales/2015-06-18
• Chee, O. Y., & Horstmanshof, L. (1996). A review of breastfeeding practices in Hong-Kong-1994/1995. Breastfeeding Review, 4(1), 7–12.
• Chertok, I. (1999). Relief of breast engorgement for the sabbath-observant Jewish woman. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 28(4), 365–369. [CrossRef]
• Coughlan, M., & Cronin, P. (2021). Doing a literature review in nursing health and social care, 2.nd (pp.102–145). Sage.
• Crichton, L., & Thorley, V. (1996). Breastfeeding in Australia. Birth Issues, 5(1), 17–20.
• Davis, M. K. (1998). Review of the evidence for an association between infant feeding and childhood cancer. International Journal of Cancer, 11(Suppl.), 29–33.
• Demirtas, B. (2012). Strategies to support breastfeeding: A review. International Nursing Review, 3(1), 35–39.
• Dennis, C. L., Fung, K., Grigoriadis, S., Robinson, G. E., Romans, S., & Ross, L. (2007). Traditional postpartum practices and rituals: A qualitative systematic review. Women’s Health, 3(4), 487–502. [CrossRef]
• Dhakal, S., Chapman, G. N., Simkhada, P. P., van Teijlingen, E. R., Stephens, J., & Raja, A. E. (2007). Utilisation of postnatal care among rural women in Nepal. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 7(1), 19. [CrossRef]
• Erci, B. (2003). Barriers to utilization of prenatal care services in Turkey. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(3), 269–273. [CrossRef]
• Fildes, V. (1986). Breasts, bottles and babies. A history of infant feeding (p. 85). Edinburgh University Press.
• Fok, D. (1997). Breastfeeding in Singapore. Breastfeeding Review, 5(2), 25–28.
• Gatrad, A. R., Ray, M., & Sheikh, A. (2004). Hindu birth customs. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89(12), 1094–1097. [CrossRef]
• Gerstein, H. C. (1994). Cow’s milk exposure and type 1 diabetes mellitus. A critical overview of the clinical literature. Diabetes Care, 17(1), 13–19. [CrossRef]
• Grigoriadis, S., Erlick Robinson, G. E., Fung, K., Ross, L. E., Chee, C. Y., Dennis, C. L., & Romans, S. (2009). Traditional postpartum practices and rituals: Clinical implications. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 54(12), 834–840. [CrossRef]
• Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (2010). Qualitative research for nurses (3rd ed, p. 35). Wiley-Blackwell.
• Johnson, M., & Long, T. (2010). Research ethics. In K. Gerrish & A. Lackey (Eds.), The research Process in Nursing (6th ed, pp. 356–367). Wiley-Blackwell.
• Joseph, F. I., & Earland, J. (2019). A qualitative exploration of the sociocultural determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among rural mothers, North West Nigeria. International Breastfeeding Journal, 14, 38. [CrossRef]
• Kaewsarn, P., Moyle, W., & Creedy, D. (2003). Traditional postpartum practices among Thaiwomen. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4), 358–366. [CrossRef]
• Kaewsarn, P., Moyle, W.,& Creedy, D. (2003). Thai nurses’ beliefs about breastfeeding and postpartum practices. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12(4), 467–475. [CrossRef]
• Koletzko, S., Sherman, P., Corey, M., Griffiths, A., & Smith, C. (1989). Role of infant feeding practices in development of Crohn’s disease in childhood. BMJ, 298(6688), 1617–1618. [CrossRef]
• Lawson, K., & Tulloch, M. I. (1995). Breastfeeding duration: Prenatal intentions and postnatal practices. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22(5), 841–849. [CrossRef]
• Maria, L. B., & Priebe, J. (2018). Revisiting the socioeconomic determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices: Evidence from Eastern Indonesia. Oxford Development Studies, 46(3), 398–410. [CrossRef]
• Mathers, N. J., & Huang, Y. (2010). A comparative study of traditional postpartum practices and rituals in the UK and Taiwan. Diversity in Health and Care, 7, 239–247.
• Mayer, E. J., Hamman, R. F., Gay, E. C., Lezotte, D. C., Savitz, D. A., & Klingensmith, G. J. (1988). Reduced risk of IDDM among breast-fed children. The Colorado IDDM registry. Diabetes, 37(12), 1625–1632. [CrossRef]
• McKinney, P. A., Parslow, R., Gurney, K. A., Law, G. R., Bodansky, H. J., & Williams, R. (1999). Perinatal and neonatal determinants of childhood type 1 diabetes: A case-control study in Yorkshire, UK. Diabetes Care, 22(6), 928–932. [CrossRef]
• NHS England. (2018/19). Statistical Release Breastfeeding Initiation & Breastfeeding Prevalence 6-8 weeks. Quarter 1 2018/19. https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/maternity-andbreastfeeding/
• Office for National Statistics (ONS). (2015). The countries of the UK [Online]. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/latest
• Ozkan Pehlivanoglu, E. F., & Unluoglu, I. (2019). Historical of breastfeeding. Turkiye Klinikleri Family Medicine-Special Topics, 10(1), 21–25.
• Ozsoy, S. A., & Katabi, V. (2008). A comparison of traditional practices used in pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period among women in Turkey and Iran. Midwifery, 24(3), 291–300. [CrossRef]
• Paine, B. J., Makrides, M., & Gibson, R. A. (1999). Duration of breastfeeding and Bayley’s Mental Development Index at 1 year of age. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 3, 82–85.
• Polit, D., & Beck, C. (2008). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8th ed, pp. 345–367). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
• Popay, J., Rogers, A., & Williams, G. (1998). Rationale and standards for the systematic review of qualitative literature in health services research. Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), 341–351. [CrossRef]
• Rees, C. (2012). Introduction to research for midwives (3nd ed, pp. 34–69). Churchill Livingstone.
• Say, L., Chou, D., Gemmill, A., Tunçalp, Ö, Moller, A. B., Daniels, J., Gülmezoglu, A. M., Temmerman, M., & Alkema, L. (2014). Global causes of maternal death: A WHO systematic analysis. Lancet. Global Health, 2(6), e323–e333. [CrossRef]
• Sein, K. K. (2013). Beliefs and practices surrounding postpartum period among Myanmar women. Midwifery, 29(11), 1257–1263. [CrossRef]
• Shamaki, M. A., & Buang, A. (2014). Sociocultural practices in maternal health among women in a less developed economy: An overview of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 10(6), 1–14.
• Sharma, S., van Teijlingen, E., Hundley, V., Angell, C., & Simkhada, P. (2016). Dirty and 40 days in the wilderness: Eliciting childbirth and postnatal cultural practices and beliefs in Nepal. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(1), 147. [CrossRef]
• Smulevich, V. B., Solionova, L. G., & Belyakova, S. V. (1999). Parental occupation and other factors and cancer risk in children: I. Study methodology and non-occupational factors. International Journal of Cancer, 83(6), 718–722. [CrossRef]
• Thwala, S. B. P., Holroyd, E., & Jones, L. K. (2012). Health belief dualism in the postnatal practices of rural Swazi women: An ethnographic account. Women and Birth, 25(4), e68–e74. [CrossRef]
• Wagner, S., Kersuzan, C., Gojard, S., Tichit, C., Nicklaus, S., Thierry, X., Charles, M. A., Lioret, S., & de Lauzon-Guillain, B. (2019). Breastfeeding initiation and duration in France: The importance of intergenerational and previous maternal breastfeeding experiences—Results from the nationwide ELFE study. Midwifery, 69, 67–75. [CrossRef]
• Turkish Demographic and Health Survey Main Report (TDHS). (2013). http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2008/data/TNSA-2008_ana_
• WHO. (2003). Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241562218
• WHO. (2010). WHO Technical consultation on postpartum and postnatal care. Department of making pregnancy safer. WHO/MPS/10. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/70432
• WHO. (2015a). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Infant mortality. Situation and trends [Online]. http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/neonatal_infant_text/en/
• WHO. (2015b). Maternal mortality. Fact sheet No. 348 [Online]. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en
• WHO. (2015c). Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015, Genera [Online]. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT/countries
• WHO. (2015d) .World health statistics. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/170250/1/9789240694439_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1
• WHO EUROPE. (2015e). WHO European Region has lowest global breastfeeding rates [Online]. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Life-stages/maternal-and-newborn-health/news/news/2015/08/who-european-region-has-lowest-global-breastfeeding-rates
• World Health Organization & Maternal and Newborn Health/Safe Motherhood Unit. (1998). Postpartum care of the mother and newborn: A practical guide: Report of a technical working group. https://apps.wh o.int/iris/handle/10665/66439
• World Health Organization, & United Nations Children's Fund. (1999). Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding. The special role of maternity services. A Joint WHO/UNICEF Statement, Geneva, Switzerland 1989. WHO/United Nations Children’s Fund. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39679
• Yılmaz, D., Kısa, S., Zeyneloğlu, S., & Güner, T. (2013). Determination of the use of traditional practices to ease labour among Turkish women. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19(1), 65–73. [CrossRef]
• Zeyneloğlu, S., & Kısa, S. (2018). Traditional practices for maternal and newborn care among Turkish postpartum women. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 148–153. [CrossRef]
• Zhou, Q., Younger, K. M., Cassidy, T. M., Wang, W., & Kearney, J. M. (2020). Breastfeeding practices 2008–2009 among Chinese mothers living in Ireland: A mixed methods study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 51. [CrossRef]