Aim: The most common cause of goiter in developed countries is autoimmune diseases, while the most common cause in developing countries is iodine deficiency. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory results and etiological and demographic characteristics of cases presenting with goiter.Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients aged between 5 and 17 years presenting with goiter between October 2016 and January 2019 were included in the study.Results: 90.7% (68) of children with goiter were female and 9.3% (7) male, the rate of goiter being 9.7-fold higher among girls. In terms of etiology, 43 patients (57.3%) were diagnosed with iodine deficiency, 25 (33.3%) with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), five with Graves’ disease (6.7%), and two (2.7%) with thyroid hormone resistance (THR). Mean ages were 13.7±2.1 years in the iodine deficient cases, 13.7±2.7 in the HT group, 14.3±1.4 in the Graves’ disease patients, and 8.2±2.3 in the patients with THR. The highest mean urinary iodine level among iodine deficient patients was 45±27.1 (12.10-84.13) μg/L in Adıyaman center, while the lowest value was determined in Gerger district at 16.8±3.1 (14.27-20.25) μg/L, and 11 patients were diagnosed with mild iodine deficiency, 20 with moderate deficiency, and 12 with severe deficiency.Conclusion: Iodine deficiency was the most common cause of goiter in children in the province of Adıyaman, followed by autoimmune thyroid gland diseases such as Graves’ disease and HT. This study shows that iodine deficiency remains still as a problem in our province.