Pandemi Döneminde Doğum Sonrası Depresyon ve İlişkili Faktörler; Kesitsel Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 63 - 71, 05.10.2023

Havvanur Taş , Zeynep Şimşek

https://doi.org/10.46969/EZH.1331931

Cited By: 1

Öz

Amaç: Doğumsonu depresyon, yaygınlığı ve anne ve bebek sağlığı üzerinde tehlikeli sonuçları nedeniyle öncelikli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışmada pandemi döneminde ölçekten elde edilen doğum sonrası depresyon prevalansı ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmanın örneklemini pandemi döneminde doğum yapan ve bebeği 1-12 aylar arasında olan çevrimiçi yöntemle ulaşılan 137 anne oluşturmuştur. Veri toplamada “Sosyo-demografik Bilgi Formu” ve “Edinburg Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçekten alınan toplam puanın normal dağılım göstermesi nedeniyle; analizlerde değişkenin tipine göre pearson korelasyon testi, t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Annelerin yaş ortalaması 30,13±4,77’dir. Pandeminin yaklaşık birinci yılının sonunda doğum sonu depresyon prevalansı %45,4’dür. Aylık kazancın yetersizliği, annenin gebelik öncesinde ve gebelik sırasında ruhsal hastalık öyküsünün olması, bebeğin 4-6 ay arasında olması ve annenin sadece biyolojik ailesinden duygusal destek alması depresyon puan ortalamasını bağımsız olarak yükseltmektedir (p<0,05). Annenin eşiyle olumlu duygusal ilişkisi ve gebelik döneminde fiziksel sağlığının iyi olması depresyon puanını anlamlı olarak düşürmüştür (p<0,05). Diğer sosyo-demografik değişkenlerle anlamlı ilişki saptanmamıştır (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Bulgular, pandemi gibi afet dönemlerinde gebe ve lohusa izlemlerinin sürekliliğinin sağlanması için mekanizmaların geliştirilmesinin, izlemin ruhsal boyut gözardı edilmeden biyopsikososyal bütünlük içinde yapılmasının, babaların bakım sürecine dahil edilerek eşler arasında etkileşimin güçlendirilmesine yönelik danışmanlık ve farkındalığı arttırıcı çalışmaların önemini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, doğum sonrası depresyon, risk ve koruyucu faktörler

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

..

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya katılan tüm annelere teşekkür ederiz.

Postpartum Depression and Associated Factors During the Pandemic Period; A Cross-sectional Study

Öz

Objective: Postpartum depression is a priority public health problem because of prevalence and dangerous consequences for maternal and infant health. In this study it was aimed to determine postpartum depression prevalance based on the scale and related factors during the pandemic period.
Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, 137 mothers whose babies were between 1-12 months were reached via online methods. “Socio-demographic Information Form” and “Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale” were used for data collection. Pearson correlation test, t test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were used in the analyzes because of normal distribution of the total score.
Results: The mean age of mothers was 30,13±4,77. The prevalence of postpartum depression at end of about 1st year of pandemic was 45.4%. Insufficient monthly income, the mother’s history of mental illness during pregnancy, having baby between 4-6 months, and the mother’s receiving emotional support only from her biological parents independently increased the mean of depression score (p<0.05). The level of positive emotional relationship with the spouse and good physical health during pregnancy significantly decreased the mean depression score (p<0.05). No significant relationship was found with other socio-demographic variables (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings showed the importance of developing mechanisms to ensure the continuity of pregnancy and postpartum follow-ups during pandemics, to carry out the follow-up in a biopsychosocial integrity without ignoring the psychological dimension, and counseling and awareness-raising studies to strengthen the interaction between the spouses by including the fathers in the care process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Postpartum depression, risk and protective factors

Proje Numarası

..

Kaynakça

• Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. The International Disaster Database. [Erişim Tarihi: 8 Nisan 2023]. Erişim Linki: https://www.emdat.be/EM-DAT
• World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. [Erişim Tarihi: 8 Nisan 2023]. Erişim Linki: https://covid19.who.int
• Bueno-Notivol J, Gracia-García P, Olaya B, Lasheras I, López-Antón R, Santabárbara J: Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: a meta-analysis of community-based studies. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2021, 21:100196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.07.007
• Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, et al. The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. The Lancet. 2019;394:1836–1878. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32596-6
• Vesga-López O, Blanco C, Keyes K, Olfson M, Grant BF, Hasin DS. Psychiatric disorders in pregnant and postpartum women in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2008;65(7):805–815. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.805
• Prabhu M, Cagino K, Matthews KC, Friedlander RL, Glynn SM, Kubiak JM, et al. Pregnancy and postpartum outcomes in a universally tested population for SARSCoV-2 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2020;127:1548–1556.
• Rasmussen SA, Jamieson DJ. COVID-19 and Pregnancy. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;36(2):423-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2022.01.002
• Wei SQ, Bilodeau-Bertrand M, Liu S, Auger N. The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2021 Apr 19;193(16):E540-E548. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.202604
• Fisher J, Mello MCd, Patel V, Rahman A, Tran T, Holton S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low-and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2012 Feb 1;90(2):139–49. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.091850
• Lilja G, Edhborg M, Nissen E. Depressive mood in women at childbirth predicts their mood and relationship with infant and partner during the first year postpartum. Scand J Caring Sci. 2012 Jun;26(2):245–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00925.x
• Yan H, Ding Y, Guo W. Mental Health of Pregnant and Postpartum Women During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol. 2020;11:617001. Published 2020 Nov 25. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617001
• Hessami K, Romanelli C, Chiurazzi M, Cozzolino M. COVID-19 pandemic and maternal mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(20):4014-4021. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1843155
• DiGregory S, Githere N, Crites K, Rouse C, Shanks A. The Impact of COVID-19 on Postpartum Depression and the Responsibility of the Healthcare System. Cureus. 2022;14(8):e27805. Published 2022 Aug 9. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27805
• WHO recommendations on maternal and newborn care for a positive postnatal experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.
• Whitaker RC, Orzol SM, Kahn RS. Maternal mental health, substance use, and domestic violence in the year after delivery and subsequent behavior problems in children at age 3 years. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 May;63(5):551–60. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.551
• Surkan PJ, Kennedy CE, Hurley KM, Black MM. Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(8):608–15. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.088187
• Abdollahi F, Zarghami M. Effect of postpartum depression on women’s mental and physical health four years after childbirth. East Mediterr Health J. 2018;24(10):1002–1009. https://doi.org/10.26719/2018.24.10.1002
• Harris B, Johns S, Fung H, et al. The hormonal environment of post-natal depression. Br J Psychiatry. 1989;154:660-667. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.5.660
• Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-786. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
• Karaçam Z, Kitiş Y. Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Tarama Ölçeği: Türkçe’de geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2008;19(2):187-196.
• Özcan NK, Boyacıoğlu NE, Dinç H. Postpartum depression prevalence and risk factorsin Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2017;31(4):420-428.
• Chen Q, Li W, Xiong J, Zheng X. Prevalence and risk factors associated with postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):2219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042219
• Tsuno K, Okawa S, Matsushima M, Nishi D, Arakawa Y, Tabuchi T. The effect of social restrictions, loss of social support, and loss of maternal autonomy on postpartum depression in 1 to 12-months postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord. 2022;307:206-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.056
• Liang P, Wang Y, Shi S, Liu Y, Xiong R. Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among women in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):557. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02969-3
• Lebel C, MacKinnon A, Bagshawe M, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Giesbrecht G. Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:5-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.126
• Goyal D, Beck CT, Webb R, Ayers S. Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Experiences During COVID-19. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2022;47(2):77-84. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000802
• Citu C, Gorun F, Motoc A, Sas I, Burlea B, Citu IM. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Romanian Women during Two Periods of COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med. 2022;11(6):1628. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061628
• Beck CT. Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nurs Res. 2001;50(5):275-285. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004
• Perzow SED, Hennessey EP, Hoffman MC, Grote NK, Davis EP, Hankin BL. Mental health of pregnant and postpartum women in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord Rep. 2021;4:100123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100123
• Basu A, Kim HH, Basaldua R, Choi KW, Charron L, Kelsall, N. A cross-national study of factors associated with women’s perinatal mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0249780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249780
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. “Doğum Öncesi Bakım Yönetim Rehberi, “Doğum Sonu Bakım Yönetim Rehberi”. Yayın No: 925, Sistem Ofset Bas. Yay. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., Ankara, 2018 (ISBN: 978-975-590-686-7).
• Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Erişim tarihi: 21 Haziran 2022]. Uzaktan Sağlık Hizmetinin Sunulmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Erişim Linki: https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,87381/uzaktan-saglik-hizmetinin-sunulmasina-dair-yonetmelik-yayimlandi-10022022.html