RETRACTED - Cell transcription dependent on Wingless-type (Wnt)/beta-catenin in the rat estrous cycle stages

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate how T Cell Factor 7 Like 2 (TCF7L2) and Lymphoid Enhancer Factor-1 (LEF-1), which regulate cell transcription, regulate implantation in the endometrium.

Methods: Female rats were determined according to the estrous cycle. The obtained uterine tissues were taken for immunofluorescence staining.

Results: In estrous, LEF-1 and TCF7L2 showed localization in perimetrial-myometrial connective tissue. Of all the signaling molecules, the TCF7L2 molecule is the only one that is expressed. Non-expressed TCF7L2 in the uterine epithelium showed strong immunolocalization in the perimetrial myometrial connective tissue and endometrial basal stroma area. LEF-1 was mostly expressed in the metaestrus phase in the areas of gland epithelium.

Conclusions: TCF7L2 and LEF-1 play a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation and transcription by regulating the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in endometrial cells. These findings help us to understand the role of TCF7L2 and LEF-1 in the provision of endometrial homeostasis and in the implantation process.

Keywords

• Cell transcription
• implantation
• rat
• T cell factor
• lymphoid enhancer factor

References

1. 1. Kaloğlu C, Gürsoy E, Onarlioğlu B. Early maternal changes contributing to the formation of the chorioallantoic and yolk sac placentas in rat: a morphological study. Anat Histol Embryol. 2003;32(4):200-206. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2003.00450.x.
2. 2. Dağdeviren T. Peri-implantasyon döneminde sıçan endometriumunda wnt-β katenin yolağının TCF, lef ve caspase-9 ekspresyonundaki rolü. 2019.
3. 3. Nusse R. Wnt signaling in disease and in development. Cell Res. 2005;15(1):28-32. doi: 10.1038/sj.cr.7290260.
4. 4. Miller JR, Hocking AM, Brown JD, Moon RT. Mechanism and function of signal transduction by the Wnt/beta-catenin and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways. Oncogene. 1999;18(55):7860-7872. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203245.
5. 5. Polakis P. Wnt signaling and cancer. Genes Dev. 2000;14(15):1837-1851.
6. 6. Moon RT, Kohn AD, De Ferrari GV, Kaykas A. WNT and beta-catenin signalling: diseases and therapies. Nat Rev Genet. 2004;5(9):691-701. doi: 10.1038/nrg1427.
7. 7. Miller JR. The Wnts. Genome Biol. 2002;3(1):REVIEWS3001. doi: 10.1186/gb-2001-3-1-reviews3001.
8. 8. Mikels AJ, Nusse R. Wnts as ligands: processing, secretion and reception. Oncogene. 2006;25(57):7461-7468. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210053.

9. 9. Panhuysen M, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Blanquet V, et al. Effects of Wnt1 signaling on proliferation in the developing mid-/hindbrain region. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2004;26(1):101-111. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.01.011.
10. 10. Eastman Q, Grosschedl R. Regulation of LEF-1/TCF transcription factors by Wnt and other signals. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1999;11(2):233-240. doi: 10.1016/s0955-0674(99)80031-3.
11. 11. Wang H, Dey SK. Roadmap to embryo implantation: clues from mouse models. Nat Rev Genet. 2006;7(3):185-199. doi: 10.1038/nrg1808.
12. 12. Chen Q, Zhang Y, Lu J, et al. Embryo-uterine cross-talk during implantation: the role of Wnt signaling. Mol Hum Reprod. 2009;15(4):215-221. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gap009.
13. 13. Shiina H, Igawa M, Breault J, et al. The human T-cell factor-4 gene splicing isoforms, Wnt signal pathway, and apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2003;9(6):2121-2132.
14. 14. Mohamed OA, Jonnaert M, Labelle-Dumais C, Kuroda K, Clarke HJ, Dufort D. Uterine Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(24):8579-8584. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0500612102.
15. 15. Komiya Y, Habas R. Wnt signal transduction pathways. Organogenesis. 2008;4(2):68-75. doi: 10.4161/org.4.2.5851.
16. 16. Willert K, Jones KA. Wnt signaling: is the party in the nucleus? Genes Dev. 2006;20(11):1394-1404. doi: 10.1101/gad.1424006.
17. 17. Mulholland DJ, Dedhar S, Coetzee GA, Nelson CC. Interaction of nuclear receptors with the Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling axis: Wnt you like to know? Endocr Rev. 2005;26(7):898-915. doi: 10.1210/er.2003-0034.
18. 18. Graham TA, Weaver C, Mao F, Kimelman D, Xu W. Crystal structure of a beta-catenin/Tcf complex. Cell. 2000;103(6):8858-96. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00192-6.
19. 19. Chen X, Yang J, Evans PM, Liu C. Wnt signaling: the good and the bad. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2008;40(7):577-594. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00440.x.
20. 20. Lustig B, Behrens J. The Wnt signaling pathway and its role in tumor development. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2003;129(4):199-221. doi: 10.1007/s00432-003-0431-0.
21. 21. Xu W, Kimelman D. Mechanistic insights from structural studies of beta-catenin and its binding partners. J Cell Sci. 2007;120(Pt 19):3337-3344. doi: 10.1242/jcs.013771.
22. 22. Carl M, Bianco IH, Bajoghli B, Aghaallaei N, Czerny T, Wilson SW. Wnt/Axin1/beta-catenin signaling regulates asymmetric nodal activation, elaboration, and concordance of CNS asymmetries. Neuron. 2007;55(3):393-405. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.007.
23. 23. Hoppler S, Kavanagh CL. Wnt signalling: variety at the core. J Cell Sci. 2007;120(Pt 3):385-93. doi: 10.1242/jcs.03363.
24. 24. Buscarlet M, Stifani S. The 'Marx' of Groucho on development and disease. Trends Cell Biol. 2007;17(7):353-361. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.07.002.
25. 25. Pollheimer J, Loregger T, Sonderegger S, et al. Activation of the canonical wingless/T-cell factor signaling pathway promotes invasive differentiation of human trophoblast. Am J Pathol. 2006;168(4):1134-1147. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050686.
26. 26. Machin P, Catasus L, Pons C, Muñoz J, Matias-Guiu X, Prat J. CTNNB1 mutations and beta-catenin expression in endometrial carcinomas. Hum Pathol. 2002;33(2):206-212. doi: 10.1053/hupa.2002.30723.
27. 27. Tulac S, Nayak NR, Kao LC, et al. Identification, characterization, and regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in human endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(8):3860-3866. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030494.
28. 28. Shelton DN, Fornalik H, Neff T, et al. The role of LEF1 in endometrial gland formation and carcinogenesis. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40312. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040312.
29. 29. van Genderen C, Okamura RM, Fariñas I, et al. Development of several organs that require inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions is impaired in LEF-1-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 1994;8(22):2691-2703. doi: 10.1101/gad.8.22.2691.