The impact of weight loss on thyroid autoimmunity - Weight loss decreases thyroid peroxidase antibody levels: a retrospective cohort study

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 6, 635 - 644, 04.11.2021

Hacer Hicran Mutlu Hasan Hüseyin Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.792920

Öz

Objectives: Within the last two decades, an increase has been seen both in autoimmune diseases and obesity, therefore, the correlation between obesity and autoimmunity has been questioned and many studies have been conducted on this issue. Based on this relationship, we aimed to determine whether the weight loss affects the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody levels of obese individuals with thyroid autoimmunity or not.

Methods: The patients who were aged over 18 years, had a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 Kg/m2 and TPO antibody ≥ 5.60 IU/mL were included in the study. The primary endpoint was the change in TPO antibody levels of the patients at the end of the sixth month of the follow-up. The correlations of TPO antibody levels with anthropometric and laboratory measurements were evaluated.

Results: At the end of the sixth month of follow-up of the patients, TPO antibody levels decreased after weight loss (p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between the differences in weight, fat mass, muscle mass and TPO antibody levels (p = 0.171; p = 0.656; p = 0.939).

Conclusions: Weight loss caused a decrease in the levels of TPO antibody levels in the obese individuals having thyroid autoimmunity pointing that weight loss might be useful to stop the progression or lead to regression of the disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

autoimmunity, autoantibodies, obesity, thyroiditis, thyroid gland, weight loss

Kaynakça

• 1. Sims EAH. Characterization of the syndromes of obesity. Diabetes Mellit Obes 1982;219-26.
• 2. Duntas LH. Environmental factors and thyroid autoimmunity. In: Annales d’endocrinologie. Elsevier; 2011: p. 108-13.
• 3. Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015. 4215848
• 4. Zhao M, Zhang X, Gao L, Song Y, Xu C, Yu C, et al. Palmitic acid downregulates thyroglobulin (Tg), sodium iodide symporter (NIS), and thyroperoxidase (TPO) in human primary thyrocytes: a potential mechanism by which lipotoxicity affects thyroid? Int J Endocrinol 2018;2018:421848.
• 5. Silva LM, Chavez J, Canalli MHB, Zanetti CR. Determination of IgG subclasses and avidity of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism–a comparison with patients with overt hypothyroidism. Horm Res Paediatr 2003;59:118-24.
• 6. Rho MH, Kim DW, Hong HP, Park YM, Kwon MJ, Jung SJ, et al. Diagnostic value of antithyroid peroxidase antibody for incidental autoimmune thyroiditis based on histopathologic results. Endocrine 2012;42:647-52.
• 7. Duntas LH, Biondi B. The interconnections between obesity, thyroid function, and autoimmunity: the multifold role of leptin. Thyroid 2013;23:646-53.
• 8. Versini M, Jeandel P-Y, Rosenthal E, Shoenfeld Y. Obesity in autoimmune diseases: not a passive bystander. Autoimmun Rev 2014;13:981-1000.
• 9. Pedersen JK, Svendsen AJ, Hørslev-Petersen K. Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in the southern part of Denmark from 1995 to 2001. Open Rheumatol J 2007;1:18.
• 10. Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Davis III JM, Gabriel SE. Contribution of obesity to the rise in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013;65:71-7.
• 11. Karimi F, Omrani GR. Effects of selenium and vitamin C on the serum level of antithyroid peroxidase antibody in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2019;42:481-7.
• 12. Cao H. Adipocytokines in obesity and metabolic disease. J Endocrinol 2014;220:T47-59.
• 13. Procaccini C, Pucino V, Mantzoros CS, Matarese G. Leptin in autoimmune diseases. Metabolism 2015;64:92-104.
• 14. Harpsøe MC, Basit S, Andersson M, Nielsen NM, Frisch M, Wohlfahrt J, et al. Body mass index and risk of autoimmune diseases: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2014;43:843-55.
• 15. Czarnocka B, Janota-Bzowski M, McIntosh RS, Asghar MS, Watson PF, Kemp EH, et al. Immunoglobulin Gκ antithyroid peroxidase antibodies in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: epitope-mapping analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:2639-44.
• 16. Ong KK, Kuh D, Pierce M, Franklyn JA, Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development Scientific and Data Collection Teams. Childhood weight gain and thyroid autoimmunity at age 60–64 years: the 1946 British birth cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:1435-42.
• 17. De Pergola G, Ciampolillo A, Tarantino L, Trerotoli P. Possible evolution of autoimmune thyroiditis in hypothyroidism: role of obesity. Obes Control Ther 2014;1:1-5.
• 18. Wang B, Song R, He W, Yao Q, Li Q, Jia X, et al. Sex differences in the associations of obesity with hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity among Chinese adults. Front Physiol 2018;9:1397.
• 19. Cutolo M, Montagna P, Brizzolara R, Sulli A, Seriolo B, Villaggio B, et al. Sex hormones modulate the effects of Leflunomide on cytokine production by cultures of differentiated monocyte/macrophages and synovial macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Autoimmun 2009;32:254-60.
• 20. Bulow I Perrild H Ovesen L Jorgensen T. Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4019-24.
• 21. Khalili H, Ananthakrishnan AN, Konijeti GG, Higuchi LM, Fuchs CS, Richter JM, et al. Measures of obesity and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015;21:361-8.
• 22. Alotaibi HA. Effects of weight loss on psoriasis: a review of clinical trials. Cureus 2018;10:e3491.
• 23. Alvarez-Nemegyei J, Pacheco-Pantoja E, González-Salazar M, López-Villanueva RF, May-Kim S, Martínez-Vargas L, et al. Association between overweight/obesity and clinical activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatol Clín (English Ed) 2020;16:462-7.
• 24. Kawicka A, Regulska-Ilow B. Metabolic disorders and nutritional status in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) 2015;69:80-90.
• 25. Esposito T, Lobaccaro JM, Esposito MG, Monda V, Messina A, Paolisso G, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate diet therapy in overweight subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis: possible synergism with ChREBP. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016;10:2939.
• 26. Moschen AR, Molnar C, Wolf AM, Weiss H, Graziadei I, Kaser S, et al. Effects of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on hepatic adipocytokine expression. J Hepatol 2009;51:765-77.
• 27. Dalmas E, Rouault C, Abdennour M, Rovere C, Rizkalla S, Bar-Hen A, et al. Variations in circulating inflammatory factors are related to changes in calorie and carbohydrate intakes early in the course of surgery-induced weight reduction. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:450-8.
• 28. Miller GD, Nicklas BJ, Fernandez A. Serial changes in inflammatory biomarkers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2011;7:618-24.
• 29. Beavers KM, Ambrosius WT, Nicklas BJ, Rejeski WJ. Independent and combined effects of physical activity and weight loss on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013;61:1089-94.
• 30. Kosteli A, Sugaru E, Haemmerle G, Martin JF, Lei J, Zechner R, et al. Weight loss and lipolysis promote a dynamic immune response in murine adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2010;120:3466-79.
• 31. Clement K. Viguerie N, Poitou C, Carette C, Pelloux V, Curat CA, et al. Weight loss regulates inflammation-related genes in white adipose tissue of obese subjects. FASEB J 2004;18:1657-69.
• 32. Nieman DC, Nehlsen-Cannarella SL, Henson DA, Butterworth DE, Fagoaga OR, Warren BJ, et al. Immune response to obesity and moderate weight loss. Int J Obes 1996;20:353-60.