Endojen Opioidlerin Ağrı Mekanizması Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 49 - 56, 03.05.2021

Derya Cansız Ebru Emekli Alturfan Ata Alturfan

https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2021.884254

Öz

Ağrı, “gerçek veya potansiyel doku hasarı ile ilişkili tarif edilen hoş olmayan bir duyusal ve duygusal deneyimdir” şeklinde tanımlan-maktadır. Opioidlerin ağrı mekanizması üzerine etkilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların çoğun-da opioid peptidleri ve opioid reseptör agonistleri üzerine odakla-nılmıştır. Ağrı ile dopaminerjik, serotonerjik, glutaminerjik sistem-lerin yanı sıra opioid sisteminin de ilişkili olduğu belirtilmektedir.Papaver somniferum bitkisinden elde edilen ve bir opioid çeşidi olan morfin uzun yıllardır ağrı tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Morfin ve diğer ekzojen opioidler canlı organizmada opioid reseptörleri-ne bağlanarak aktivite gösterirler. Bu reseptörler, proteolitik par-çalanma yoluyla aktive olan inaktif polipeptit hormonları olarak ifade edilen opioid peptitlere yanıt verir. Ekzojen opioidlerin yanı sıra canlı organizmalarda bulunan bu opioidlere endojen opioidler denir. Endojen opioidler ve onların peptidleri, periferik ve merkezi sinir sistemi boyunca eksprese edilir ve birçok farklı sistem ve işlevi düzenler. Endojen opioid peptidlerin temel işlevlerinden biri, ağrı-ya verilen yanıtı, azalan ağrı yolağı ile modüle etmektir. Bu bilgile-rin ışığında endojen opioid mekanizması üzerinden hareketle ağrı mekanizması aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu derlemede ağrı tanımı yapıldıktan sonra endojen opioidler ve reseptörlerinden bahse-dilecek ve ağrı araştırmalarında uygulanan metodoloji ve güncel bulgular anlatılacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağrı, Opioidler, Opioid reseptörleri

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Effects of Endogenous Opioids on Pain Mechanism

Öz

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experi-ence, associated with potential tissue damage. Many studies have been conducted to reveal the effects of opioids on the pain mech-anism. These studies have focused primarily on opioid peptides and opioid receptor agonists. In general, it is declared that dopa-minergic, serotonergic, and glutaminergic systems as well as the opioid system are closely associated with pain.Morphine, an opioid type obtained from Papaver somniferum, has been used for pain relief for many years. Morphine and other exog-enous opioids show their activity by binding to opioid receptors in living organisms. These receptors respond to opioid peptides ex-pressed as inactive polypeptide hormones activated by proteolytic cleavage. These opioids found in living organisms are referred as endogenous opioids. Endogenous opioids and their peptides are expressed throughout the peripheral and central nervous system and regulate many different systems and functions. One of the main functions of the endogenous opioid peptide is to modulate our pain response through a descending pain modifying pathway. In light of this data, the mechanism of pain has been elucidated by studying the endogenous opioid mechanism. In this review, after the definition of pain, endogenous opioids and their receptors will be mentioned, the methodology and recent findings in pain re-search will be explained

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pain, Opioids, Opioid receptors

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

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