Araştırma Makalesi

Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.

Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2 31 Ağustos 2026
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.

Öz

Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. is a medicinal plant traditionally used for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, largely attributed to its phytochemical contents. However, comprehensive evaluations of its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities across different plant parts remain limited. This study investigated the antimicrobial, and antibiofilm profiles of 70% ethanol and n-hexane extracts obtained from the flowers, leaves, pulp, and seeds of M. aquifolium. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against standard bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus cereus NRRL B-3711, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and yeasts (Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida krusei ATCC 6258) using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Leaf and flower 70% ethanol extracts exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effects, with MIC values as low as 0.625-1.25 mg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria and 1.25-2.5 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa, whereas antifungal activity remained weak across extracts. Agar diffusion results aligned with MIC data, showing the largest inhibition zones for leaf and flower ethanol extracts. Biofilm assays revealed significant inhibition (60-75%) of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms, especially by leaf 70% ethanol, flower 70% ethanol, and fruit pulp n-hexane extracts. These findings demonstrate that M. aquifolium possesses notable antibacterial and antibiofilm potential, positioning it as a promising natural source for anti-infective and anti-virulence agents, particularly against biofilm-forming pathogens.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy.

Etik Beyan

This study does not include any human or animal experiments; therefore, ethics committee approval was not required.

Teşekkür

The authors sincerely thank Prof. Dr. Temel Özek (Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy) for providing the necessary laboratory facilities to conduct the experimental studies. The authors also thank Dr. Ö. Koray Yaylacı for the identification of the plant material.

Kaynakça

  1. Andreicut, A.-D., Pârvu, A. E., Mot, A. C., Pârvu, M., Fischer Fodor, E., Cătoi, A. F.,…Irimie, A. (2018). Phytochemical Analysis of Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018(1), 2879793. https://doi. org/10.1155/2018/2879793

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Farmasotik Mikrobiyoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Aralık 2025

Kabul Tarihi

30 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Öğüt, K., & Soyer, P. (2026). Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, 51(2), 755-766. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1851856
AMA
1.Öğüt K, Soyer P. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;51(2):755-766. doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1851856
Chicago
Öğüt, Kübra, ve Pervin Soyer. 2026. “Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51 (2): 755-66. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1851856.
EndNote
Öğüt K, Soyer P (01 Ağustos 2026) Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51 2 755–766.
IEEE
[1]K. Öğüt ve P. Soyer, “Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt”., Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, c. 51, sy 2, ss. 755–766, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1851856.
ISNAD
Öğüt, Kübra - Soyer, Pervin. “Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi 51/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 755-766. https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1851856.
JAMA
1.Öğüt K, Soyer P. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;51:755–766.
MLA
Öğüt, Kübra, ve Pervin Soyer. “Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt”. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi, c. 51, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 755-66, doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1851856.
Vancouver
1.Kübra Öğüt, Pervin Soyer. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Flower, Leaf, Seed, and Pulp Extracts of Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Fabad Eczacılık Bilimler Dergisi. 01 Ağustos 2026;51(2):755-66. doi:10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1851856