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                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>fcpe</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Florya Chronicles of Political Economy</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2149-5750</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2717-7629</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Political Science (Other)</subject>
                                                            <subject>International Relations (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)</subject>
                                                            <subject>Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>TRANSFORMATION IN GLOBAL MARITIME TRADE AND EVALUATION OF TÜRKİYE&#039;S STRATEGY TO BECOME A LOGISTICS HUB</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>KÜRESEL DENİZ TİCARETİNDEKİ DÖNÜŞÜM VE TÜRKİYE’NİN LOJİSTİK MERKEZ OLMA STRATEJİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-6750</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Özel</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mesut</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL KENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260415">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>15</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>12</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>1</fpage>
                                        <lpage>23</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251209">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260407">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Florya Chronicles of Political Economy</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Florya Chronicles of Political Economy</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Amidst exceptional volatility in global maritime trade—defined by chokepoint crises, regionalization, and decarbonization pressures—this paper analyzes Türkiye’s ambitious strategy to leverage its unique geography and become a pivotal logistics hub. It critically examines the alignment between Türkiye’s maritime sector plans and evolving global trade dynamics from 2023-2025, questioning whether it can bridge the significant gap between its geographic potential and current market reality.The global context is one of &quot;permacrisis.&quot; A fragile post-pandemic recovery has been overwhelmed by severe disruptions: Red Sea security crises cut Suez Canal transits by 55%, while drought reduced Panama Canal transits by 29%. This forced massive rerouting, spiking freight costs over 240% and increasing sailing distances. These acute shocks converge with deeper structural shifts: supply chain regionalization, the urgent decarbonization agenda driven by IMO and EU regulations, and the consolidation of global shipping into powerful, network-optimizing alliances. This turbulent environment simultaneously threatens established routes and creates openings for competitive alternatives like those Türkiye proposes.Türkiye’s response is a multi-vector strategy centered on high-stakes infrastructure and diplomacy. The core is the Trans-Caspian East-West-Middle Corridor, promoted as a faster Eurasian alternative synergized with China’s Belt and Road Initiative. This is complemented by the &quot;Three Big Ports&quot; mega-projects (Çandarlı, Filyos, Mersin), aiming to transform its coastline with Çandarlı targeting a 12-million-TEU capacity to rival Europe’s largest hubs. Diplomatic outreach, notably its 2025 accession as a Strategic Partner to the Three Seas Initiative, seeks to embed this infrastructure within regional European networks.Employing qualitative case-study methodology integrating policy and data analysis, the paper finds a strategically coherent vision aligned with trends favoring diversification and regional connectivity. Sectoral resilience is confirmed by 2024 growth of 2.0% in cargo and 7.8% in containers.However, the analysis reveals a persistent ambition-reality gap constrained by three core challenges. First, fleet competitiveness is weak; despite owning the world’s 11th largest fleet, about 70% is foreign-flagged, causing a major freight revenue deficit. The national fleet is aged and eco-inefficient, vulnerable to decarbonization costs. Second, Turkish ports remain peripheral to global alliance networks. No port ranks in the global top 20, and mega-port capacity alone cannot secure integration into the vital hub-and-spoke systems of major shipping alliances. Third, the strategy is exposed to regional geopolitical instability, from Eastern Mediterranean disputes to competition from rival corridors like the INSTC, creating a volatile environment for long-term investment.The paper concludes that success requires a policy recalibration beyond infrastructure to prioritize market integration and risk mitigation. Key recommendations include: (1) Aggressive fleet modernization via a ‘Green Fleet Renewal Fund’ and a ‘strategic cargo commitment policy’; (2) A strategic shift to secure port network centrality through direct negotiation with global alliances; (3) Institutionalizing corridors via multilateral treaties and promoting regional confidence-building measures; (4) Capitalizing on niche markets like cruise tourism and green maritime services; and (5) Fostering data-driven agility through a national analytics unit and strategic stress-testing.Ultimately, Türkiye’s hub vision is geopolitically logical, but its realization hinges on meticulously aligning competitive commercial services, astute state policy, and deft diplomacy to transform its shores from a trade periphery into a central nexus of a fragmenting network.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Küresel deniz ticaretinde yaşanan olağanüstü dalgalanma ortamında—kritik deniz geçitleri krizleri, belirgin bir bölgeselleşme eğilimi ve karbonsuzlaştırma baskıları ile nitelenen—Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, benzersiz coğrafi konumunu küresel bir lojistik merkezi olma hedefine dönüştürmek için iddialı ve çok yönlü bir strateji yürütmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin denizcilik sektörü stratejisi ile 2023’ten 2025’e uzanan dönemdeki küresel ticaret ve lojistik dinamikleri arasındaki uyumu eleştirel bir bakışla analiz etmektedir. Politika belgesi analizi, ticaret ve filo verilerinin sentezi ile bağlamsal çerçeve değerlendirmesini bütünleştiren nitel bir vaka çalışması metodolojisi benimsenmiştir. Araştırma, Türkiye’nin üç ana girişimine odaklanmaktadır: Çin’i Avrupa’ya bağlayan bir alternatif rota olarak Trans-Hazar Doğu-Batı-Orta Koridoru; Çandarlı, Filyos ve Mersin’de planlanan “Üç Büyük Liman” mega projeleri ve Üç Deniz Girişimi (3SI) ile kurulan Stratejik Ortaklık örneğindeki gibi diplomatik açılımlar.Bulgular, Türkiye’nin rota çeşitliliği ve bölgesel bağlantılılıktaki yükselen fırsatlardan yararlanmaya yönelik stratejik açıdan tutarlı bir vizyona sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, bu vizyon ile mevcut piyasa gerçekleri arasında kayda değer bir “hedef-gerçeklik uçurumu” tespit edilmiştir. Bu uçurum, üç yapısal zayıflık tarafından beslenmektedir: Türk bayraklı ticaret filosunun yaşlanan yapısı ve yabancı bayrak tercihi (“flagging-out”) nedeniyle oluşan rekabet gücü ve gelir sızıntısı sorunu; limanların fiziksel kapasitelerine rağmen küresel denizcilik ittifaklarının “merkez-uç” (hub-and-spoke)  ağlarına entegre olamaması; ve Ukrayna savaşı, Doğu Akdeniz’de deniz yetki alanı anlaşmazlıkları ve rakip koridorlar (ör. INSTC) ile rekabet gibi bölgesel jeopolitik istikrarsızlık risklerine doğrudan maruz kalma.Makale, Türkiye’nin coğrafi bir kavşaktan yönetilen bir lojistik merkezine dönüşümünün, altyapı inşasının ötesine geçen yeniden kalibre edilmiş bir politika odağı gerektirdiği sonucuna varmaktadır. Başarı için önerilen politikalar şunlardır: Hedefli bir “Yeşil Filo Yenileme Fonu” ve “stratejik yük taahhüt politikası” ile agresif filo modernizasyonu; küresel ittifaklarla doğrudan müzakere yürütecek bir “Liman Ağı Entegrasyon Görev Gücü” ile portföy stratejisini kapasiteden ağ merkeziliğine kaydırma; Orta Koridor’u çok taraflı bir geçiş anlaşmasına dönüştürme ve bölgesel güven artırıcı önlemleri savunma yoluyla jeopolitik riskin kurumsal diplomasi ile proaktif yönetimi. Bu üçlü yaklaşım, Türkiye’nin kıyılarını büyük ticaret hatlarının çeperinden, yeniden yapılanan küresel ağın merkezi bir düğüm noktasına dönüştürme potansiyelini gerçekleştirmenin anahtarıdır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Türkiye</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Denizcilik Merkez Stratejisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Orta Koridor</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Jeopolitik Risk</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Denizcilik İttifakları.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Türkiye</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Maritime Hub Strategy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Middle Corridor</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Logistics Integration</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Geopolitical Risk</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Shipping Alliances</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Yoktur.</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>None</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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