Araştırma Makalesi
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DEVLETİN KÖKENİ ÜZERİNE

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 281 - 300, 12.05.2021

Öz

Bu makalede son dönem sosyal bilimler alanında yapılmış çalışmalardan yararlanarak bazı felsefi kavram ve ayrımlar geliştirip devletin kökenini yeniden ele alacağız. Politik gücü uygarlığın göstergesi olan devlet olgusu ile, etik gücü ise kültürün taşıyıcısı topluluk ile ilişkilendireceğiz. Devletin kökeni hakkında sorulması gereken doğru sorunun şu olduğunu önereceğiz: "Devlete dönüşmesi için bir topluluk nasıl bir etik görünüme sahip olmalı?" Eğer devlet meşru gözüken şiddet kullanma hakkını elinde tutan güç ise, bir topluluğun etik bir sorun olmadıkça devlete dönüşmesi olanaklı değildir. Devletin kökenini anlamak için bu etik sorunu açığa çıkarmayı amaçlayacağız. Aristoteles'in içsel ve dışsal iyiler ayrımından yararlanarak, devlete dönüşen topluluklardaki etik sorunun içsel ve dışsal iyileri birbiri ile karıştırması olduğu sonucuna varacağız.

Kaynakça

  • Aristotle (1934). Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Artemova, Olga Yu. 2011. "Monopolization of Information and Social Inequality." Alternatives of Social Evolution. Edited by Nikolay N. Kradin, Andrey V. Korotayev, Dmitri M. Bondarenko. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 1998. Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action. Translated by Randal Johnson. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 2000. Pascalian Meditations. Translated by Richard Nice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 2014. On the State: Lectures at the College de France, 1989-1992. Translated by David Fernbach. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bondarenko, Dimitri M., Leonid E. Grinin, and Andrey V. Korotayev. 2004. “Alternatives of Social Evolution.” In The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues, edited by Leonid E. Grinin, Robert L. Carneiro, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Nikolay N. Kradin, and Andrey V. Korotayev, 3-27. Saratov: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House.
  • Bondarenko Dmitri, Korotayev, Andrey V. and Kradin, Nikolay N. 2015. "Introduction: Social Evolution, Alternatives and Nomadism" In Nomadic Pathways in Social Evolution. Edited by Nikolay N. Kradin, Dmitri M. Bondarenko and Thomas J. Barfield. Lac-Beauport: MeaBooks Inc.
  • Carneiro, Robert L. 1970. “A Theory of the Origin of the State.” Science, New Series, Vol. 169, No. 3947: 733-738.
  • Childe, V. Gordon. 1958. Man Makes Himself. New York: Mentor Books.
  • Clastres, Pierre. 1989. Society Against the State: Essays in Political Anthropology. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Zone Books.
  • Deleuze, Gilles. 2002. Nietzsche and Philosophy. Translated by Hugh Tomlinson. London: Continuum.
  • Deleuze, Gilles. 2004. Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953-1974. Translated by Michael Taormina. New York: Semiotext(e).
  • Elias, Norbert. 2000. The Civilizing Process. Translated by Edmund Jephcott. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Grinin, Leonid E., Robert L. Carneiro, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Nikolay N. Kradin, and Andrey V. Korotayev (ed.). 2004. The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues. Saratov: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House.
  • Kradin, Nikolay N. 2004. “Nomadic Empires in Evolutionary Perspective.” In The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues, edited by Leonid E. Grinin, Robert L. Carneiro, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Nikolay N. Kradin, and Andrey V. Korotayev, 501-524. Saratov: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House.
  • Kradin, Nikolay N., Andrey V. Korotayev, Dmitri M. Bondarenko (Ed.) 2011. Alternatives of Social Evolution. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
  • Machiavelli, Niccolo. 2005. The Prince. Translated by Russell Price. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. 2007. Untimely Meditations. Translated by R. J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Oppenheimer, Franz. 1926. The State: Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically. Translated by John M. Gitterman. New York: Vanguard Press.
  • Plato. 2000. The Republic. Translated by Tom Griffith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Scott, James C. 2009. The Art of Not Being Governed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Skrynnikova, Tatyana D. 2004. “Mongolian Nomadic Society of the Empire Period.” In The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues, edited by Leonid E. Grinin, Robert L. Carneiro, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Nikolay N. Kradin, and Andrey V. Korotayev, 525-535. Saratov: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House.
  • Tönnies, Ferdinand. 2001. Community and Civil Society. Translated by Jose Harris and Margaret Hollis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Weber, Max. 2004. “Politics as a Vocation.” In The Vocation Lectures. Translated by Rodney Livingstone. Indianapolis: Hackett Publising.

ON THE GENESIS OF STATE

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 31, 281 - 300, 12.05.2021

Öz

In this essay we aim to reconsider the genesis of state by elaborating some philosophical concepts and distinctions based on the recent studies in social sciences. We will associate the political power with the realm of state, which is the hallmark of civilization, and the ethical power with the realm of community, which is the bearer of culture. The right question we suggest addressing on the genesis of state is "what kind of ethical outlook should a community have so as to transform into a state?" If the state turns out to be the only authority that possesses the use of violence seen to be legitimate, then it is impossible for a community to give birth to a state without an ethical problem. In order to understand the genesis of state we will aim to reveal this ethical problem. By appealing to the Aristotelian distinction between internal and external goods, we will conclude that the confusion between internal and external goods is the source of the ethical problem for the communities that transform into states.

Kaynakça

  • Aristotle (1934). Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Artemova, Olga Yu. 2011. "Monopolization of Information and Social Inequality." Alternatives of Social Evolution. Edited by Nikolay N. Kradin, Andrey V. Korotayev, Dmitri M. Bondarenko. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 1998. Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action. Translated by Randal Johnson. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 2000. Pascalian Meditations. Translated by Richard Nice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. 2014. On the State: Lectures at the College de France, 1989-1992. Translated by David Fernbach. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Bondarenko, Dimitri M., Leonid E. Grinin, and Andrey V. Korotayev. 2004. “Alternatives of Social Evolution.” In The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues, edited by Leonid E. Grinin, Robert L. Carneiro, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Nikolay N. Kradin, and Andrey V. Korotayev, 3-27. Saratov: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House.
  • Bondarenko Dmitri, Korotayev, Andrey V. and Kradin, Nikolay N. 2015. "Introduction: Social Evolution, Alternatives and Nomadism" In Nomadic Pathways in Social Evolution. Edited by Nikolay N. Kradin, Dmitri M. Bondarenko and Thomas J. Barfield. Lac-Beauport: MeaBooks Inc.
  • Carneiro, Robert L. 1970. “A Theory of the Origin of the State.” Science, New Series, Vol. 169, No. 3947: 733-738.
  • Childe, V. Gordon. 1958. Man Makes Himself. New York: Mentor Books.
  • Clastres, Pierre. 1989. Society Against the State: Essays in Political Anthropology. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Zone Books.
  • Deleuze, Gilles. 2002. Nietzsche and Philosophy. Translated by Hugh Tomlinson. London: Continuum.
  • Deleuze, Gilles. 2004. Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953-1974. Translated by Michael Taormina. New York: Semiotext(e).
  • Elias, Norbert. 2000. The Civilizing Process. Translated by Edmund Jephcott. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Grinin, Leonid E., Robert L. Carneiro, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Nikolay N. Kradin, and Andrey V. Korotayev (ed.). 2004. The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues. Saratov: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House.
  • Kradin, Nikolay N. 2004. “Nomadic Empires in Evolutionary Perspective.” In The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues, edited by Leonid E. Grinin, Robert L. Carneiro, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Nikolay N. Kradin, and Andrey V. Korotayev, 501-524. Saratov: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House.
  • Kradin, Nikolay N., Andrey V. Korotayev, Dmitri M. Bondarenko (Ed.) 2011. Alternatives of Social Evolution. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
  • Machiavelli, Niccolo. 2005. The Prince. Translated by Russell Price. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. 2007. Untimely Meditations. Translated by R. J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Oppenheimer, Franz. 1926. The State: Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically. Translated by John M. Gitterman. New York: Vanguard Press.
  • Plato. 2000. The Republic. Translated by Tom Griffith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Scott, James C. 2009. The Art of Not Being Governed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Skrynnikova, Tatyana D. 2004. “Mongolian Nomadic Society of the Empire Period.” In The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues, edited by Leonid E. Grinin, Robert L. Carneiro, Dmitri M. Bondarenko, Nikolay N. Kradin, and Andrey V. Korotayev, 525-535. Saratov: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House.
  • Tönnies, Ferdinand. 2001. Community and Civil Society. Translated by Jose Harris and Margaret Hollis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Weber, Max. 2004. “Politics as a Vocation.” In The Vocation Lectures. Translated by Rodney Livingstone. Indianapolis: Hackett Publising.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Felsefe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Buket Korkut Raptis

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Şubat 2021
Kabul Tarihi 9 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 31

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Korkut Raptis, Buket. “ON THE GENESIS OF STATE”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy. 31 (Mayıs 2021): 281-300.

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