Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Energy Consumption: A Case Study of BRICS-T Countries

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 695 - 719, 24.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1438771

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT) and energy consumption within the BRICS-T sample by incorporating economic growth and financial development into the energy consumption model. The study utilizes a dataset covering the period from 2001 to 2021 and employs panel data analysis methods. The Gengenbach et al.’s (2016) test is performed for panel cointegration testing, the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares Mean Group (DOLSMG) estimator is used for long-term coefficient estimation, and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality test is performed to detect causal relationships among variables. The findings are as follows: i) There exists a long-term relationship between ICT, economic growth, financial development, and energy consumption. ii) ICT has a negative effect on energy consumption, whereas economic growth and financial development have positive effects. iii) For the panel as a whole, there are bi-directional causal relationships between energy consumption and ICT; energy consumption and economic growth and energy consumption and financial development.

Kaynakça

  • Adha, R., Hong, C. Y., Agrawal, S. & Li, L. H. (2023). ICT, Carbon Emissions, Climate Change, and Energy Demand Nexus: The Potential Benefit of Digitalization in Taiwan. Energy & Environment, 34(5), 1619-1638.
  • Afzal, M. N. I. & Gow, J. (2016). Electricity Consumption and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the N-11 Emerging Economies. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 6(3), 381-388.
  • Afzal, M. N. I., Gow, J. & Rahman, A. (2019). Economic and Internet Growth Effect on Electricity Consumption in the BRICS Countries. International Advances in Economic Research, 25, 339-346.
  • Ahmed, K. (2017). Revisiting the Role of Financial Development for Energy-Growth-Trade Nexus in BRICS Economies. Energy, 128, 487-495.
  • Ahmed, J., ur Rehman, S., Zuhaira, Z., & Nisar, S. (2022). The Nexus between Financial Development and Energy Consumption: Estimating the Role of Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth and Urbanization. Energy & Environment, 33(8), 1562-1582.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2011). The Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus in Central America. Applied Energy, 88(1), 343-347.
  • Batool, Z., Raza, S. M. F., Ali, S. & Abidin, S. Z. U. (2022). ICT, Renewable Energy, Financial Development, and CO2 Emissions in Developing Countries of East and South Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(23), 35025-35035.
  • Bayer, C. & Hanck, C. (2013). Combining Non‐Cointegration Tests. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 34(1), 83-95.
  • Behera, B., Haldar, A. & Sethi, N. (2023). Investigating the Direct and Indirect Effects of Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in the Emerging Economies: Role of Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment, Innovation, and Institutional Quality. Information Technology for Development, 1-24.
  • Bernstein, R. & Madlener, R. (2010). Impact of Disaggregated ICT Capital on Electricity Intensity in European Manufacturing. Applied Economics Letters, 17(17), 1691-1695.
  • Cheng, C. Y., Chien, M. S. & Lee, C. C. (2021). ICT Diffusion, Financial Development, and Economic Growth: An International Cross-Country Analysis. Economic Modelling, 94, 662-671.
  • Cho, Y., Lee, J. & Kim, T. Y. (2007). The Impact of ICT Investment and Energy Price on Industrial Electricity Demand: Dynamic Growth Model Approach. Energy Policy, 35(9), 4730-4738.
  • Çoban, S. & Topcu, M. (2013). The Nexus Between Financial Development and Energy Consumption in the EU: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. Energy Economics, 39, 81-88.
  • Dahmani, M., Mabrouki, M. & Ben Youssef, A. (2023). The ICT, Financial Development, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in MENA Countries: Dynamic Panel CS-ARDL Evidence. Applied Economics, 55(10), 1114-1128.
  • Danish, Saud, S., Baloch, M. A. & Lodhi, R. N. (2018). The Nexus Between Energy Consumption and Financial Development: Estimating the Role of Globalization in Next-11 Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 18651-18661.
  • Destek, M. A. (2018). Financial Development and Energy Consumption Nexus in Emerging Economies. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(1), 76-81.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Faisal, F., Tursoy, T. & Berk, N. (2018). Linear and Non-Linear Impact of Internet Usage and Financial Deepening on Electricity Consumption for Turkey: Empirical Evidence from Asymmetric Causality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(12), 11536-11555.
  • Farhani, S. & Solarin, S. A. (2017). Financial Development and Energy Demand in the United States: New Evidence from Combined Cointegration and Asymmetric Causality Tests. Energy, 134, 1029-1037.
  • Fernández-Portillo, A., Almodóvar-González, M. & Hernández-Mogollón, R. (2020). Impact of ICT Development on Economic Growth. A Study of OECD European Union Countries. Technology in Society, 63, 101420.
  • Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing Cross-Sectional Correlation in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 69(2), 393-414.
  • Frees, E. W. (2004). Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The Use of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit in the Analysis of Variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32(200), 675-701.
  • Friedlingstein, P., O'sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., ... & Zaehle, S. (2020). Global Carbon Budget 2020. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 12(8), 1-3.
  • Gaies, B., Kaabia, O., Ayadi, R., Guesmi, K. & Abid, I. (2019). Financial Development and Energy Consumption: Is the MENA Region Different?. Energy Policy, 135, 111000.
  • Gengenbach, C., Urbain, J. P. & Westerlund, J. (2016). Error Correction Testing in Panels with Common Stochastic Trends. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31(6), 982-1004.
  • Gheraia, Z., Abid, M., Sekrafi, H. & Abdelli, H. (2022). The Moderating Role of ICT Diffusion Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Bootstrap ARDL Approach in Saudi Arabia. Information Technology for Development, 28(4), 816-836.
  • Gómez, M., & Rodríguez, J. C. (2019). Energy Consumption and Financial Development in NAFTA Countries, 1971–2015. Applied Sciences, 9(2), 302.
  • Gregory, A. W. & Hansen, B. E. (1996). Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models with Regime Shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 99-126.
  • Han, B., Wang, D., Ding, W. & Han, L. (2016). Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Energy Consumption in China. Natural Hazards, 84, 297-315.
  • Haseeb, A., Xia, E., Saud, S., Ahmad, A. & Khurshid, H. (2019). Does Information and Communication Technologies Improve Environmental Quality in the Era of Globalization? An Empirical Analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 8594-8608.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2012b). Asymmetric Causality Tests with an Application. Empirical Economics, 43, 447-456.
  • IEA. (2019). http://energyatlas.iea.org/#!/tellmap/1378539487 (20.12. 2023)
  • IEA. (2023). CO2 Emissions in 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2022 (20.12.2023)
  • Ishida, H. (2015). The Effect of ICT Development on Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in Japan. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 79-88.
  • Khan, H., Weili, L. & Khan, I. (2022). Examining the Effect of Information and Communication Technology, Innovations, and Renewable Energy Consumption on CO2 Emission: Evidence from BRICS Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(31), 47696-47712.
  • Kırca, M. & Akkuş, Ö. (2020). Internet Usage, Economic Growth and Electricity Consumption: The Case of EU-15. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 576-594.
  • Kouton, J. (2019). Information Communication Technology Development and Energy Demand in African Countries. Energy, 189, 116192.
  • Kraft, J., & Kraft, A. (1978). On the Relationship Between Energy and GNP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 401-403.
  • Latif, Z., Latif, S., Ximei, L., Pathan, Z. H., Salam, S. & Jianqiu, Z. (2018). The Dynamics of ICT, Foreign Direct Investment, Globalization and Economic Growth: Panel Estimation Robust to Heterogeneity and Cross-Sectional Dependence. Telematics and Informatics, 35(2), 318-328.
  • Levine, R. (1997). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda. Journal of Economic Literature, 35(2), 688-726.
  • Liu, L., Zhou, C., Huang, J. & Hao, Y. (2018). The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Demand: Evidence from China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54(2), 269-287.
  • Lu, J., Imran, M., Haseeb, A., Saud, S., Wu, M., Siddiqui, F., & Khan, M. J. (2021). Nexus between Financial Development, FDI, Globalization, Energy Consumption and Environment: Evidence from BRI Countries. Frontiers in Energy Research, 9, 707590.
  • Magazzino, C., Porrini, D., Fusco, G. & Schneider, N. (2021). Investigating the Link among ICT, Electricity Consumption, Air Pollution, and Economic Growth in EU Countries. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 16(11-12), 976-998.
  • Mukhtarov, S., Karacan, R., Aliyev, F. & Ismayilov, V. (2022). The Effect of Financial Development on Energy Consumption: Evidence from Russia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(1), 243-249.
  • Nguyen, C. P., Schinckus, C., Su, T. D. & Chong, F. H. L. (2022). The Energy Consumption: The Global Contributions from Financial Development and Institutions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-20.
  • Ozcan, B. & Apergis, N. (2018). The Impact of Internet Use on Air Pollution: Evidence from Emerging Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 4174-4189.
  • Ozturk, I. (2010). A Literature Survey on Energy-Growth Nexus. Energy Policy, 38(1), 340-349.
  • Park, Y., Meng, F. & Baloch, M. A. (2018). The Effect of ICT, Financial Development, Growth, and Trade Openness on CO2 Emissions: An Empirical Analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 30708-30719.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing Power Parity Tests in Cointegrated Panels. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 727-731.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Ouyang, Y., & Li, P. (2018). On the Nexus of Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Energy Consumption in China: New Perspective from a GMM Panel VAR Approach. Energy Economics, 71, 238-252.
  • Rahimi, M. & Rad, A. A. (2017). Internet Usage, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Panel of Developing-8 Countries. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(3), 152-156.
  • Rashid, A. & Yousaf, N. (2015). Linkage of financial development with electricity-growth, nexus of India and Pakistan. EuroEconomica, 34(2), 151-160.
  • Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2010). The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Consumption in Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 38(5), 2528-2535.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2011). Financial Development and Energy Consumption in Central and Eastern European Frontier Economies. Energy Policy, 39(2), 999-1006.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2012). Information Communication Technology and Electricity Consumption in Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 48, 130-136.
  • Saidi, K., Toumi, H. & Zaidi, S. (2017). Impact of Information Communication Technology and Economic Growth on the Electricity Consumption: Empirical Evidence from 67 Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8, 789-803.
  • Salahuddin, M. & Alam, K. (2015). Internet Usage, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Australia: A Time Series Evidence. Telematics and Informatics, 32(4), 862-878.
  • Salahuddin, M. & Alam, K. (2016). Information and Communication Technology, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in OECD countries: A Panel Data Analysis. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 76, 185-193.
  • Sare, Y. A. (2019). Effect of Financial Sector Development on Energy Consumption in Africa: Is It Threshold Specific?. International Journal of Green Energy, 16(15), 1637-1645.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credits, Interest, and the Business Cycle. R. Opie (Trans.). Harvard Economic Studies.
  • Shabani, Z. D. & Shahnazi, R. (2019). Energy Consumption, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Information and Communications Technology, and Gross Domestic Product in Iranian Economic Sectors: A Panel Causality Analysis. Energy, 169, 1064-1078.
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, I. U., Sbia, R. & Hamdi, H. (2016). The Role of Information Communication Technology and Economic Growth in Recent Electricity Demand: Fresh Evidence from Combine Cointegration Approach in UAE. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 7, 797-818.
  • Shahbaz, M., Mallick, H., Mahalik, M. K. & Sadorsky, P. (2016). The Role of Globalization on The Recent Evolution of Energy Demand in India: Implications for Sustainable Development. Energy Economics, 55, 52-68.
  • Shahbaz, M., Zakaria, M., Shahzad, S. J. H. & Mahalik, M. K. (2018). The Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in Top Ten Energy-Consuming Countries: Fresh Evidence from Using the Quantile-on-Quantile Approach. Energy Economics, 71, 282-301.
  • Solarin, S. A., Shahbaz, M., Khan, H. N. & Razali, R. B. (2021). ICT, Financial Development, Economic Growth and Electricity Consumption: New Evidence from Malaysia. Global Business Review, 22(4), 941-962.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312-320.
  • Union, I. T. (2022). Measuring Digital Development. Facts and Figures 2022. Technical Report International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Usman, A., Ozturk, I., Hassan, A., Zafar, S. M. & Ullah, S. (2021). The Effect of ICT on Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in South Asian Economies: An Empirical Analysis. Telematics and Informatics, 58, 101537.
  • Tamazian, A., Chousa, J. P. & Vadlamannati, K. C. (2009). Does Higher Economic and Financial Development Lead to Environmental Degradation: Evidence from BRIC Countries. Energy Policy, 37(1), 246-253.
  • Toda, H. Y. & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • Walker, W. (1985). Information Technology and the Use of Energy. Energy Policy, 13(5), 458-476.
  • World Bank. (2012). ICTs for Greater Development Impact-World Bank Group Strategy for Information and Communication Technology 2012-2015. World Bank, Washington, DC. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/WBG_ICTs_Strategy-2012.pdf (10.11.2023)
  • Xu, J. & Yang, X. (2021). Direct Effect and Spillover Effect of ICT on Electricity Consumption in China: Evidence from a Spatial Panel Analysis. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, 1-13.
  • Van Heddeghem, W., Lambert, S., Lannoo, B., Colle, D., Pickavet, M. & Demeester, P. (2014). Trends in Worldwide ICT Electricity Consumption from 2007 to 2012. Computer Communications, 50, 64-76.
  • Vu, K. M. (2011). ICT as a Source of Economic Growth in the Information Age: Empirical Evidence from the 1996-2005 Period. Telecommunications Policy, 35(4), 357-372.

Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin Enerji Tüketimine Etkisi: BRICS-T Ülkeleri Örneği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 695 - 719, 24.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1438771

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri ile enerji tüketimi arasındaki ilişkiyi BRICS-T örnekleminde, ekonomik büyüme ve finansal gelişmeyi enerji tüketim modeline ekleyerek incelemektir. Çalışmada 2001-2021 dönemini kapsayan veri seti ve panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Panel eşbütünleşme testi için Gengenbach vd. (2016) testi, uzun dönemli katsayıların tahmininde Ortalama Grup Dinamik En Küçük Kareler (DOLSMG) tahmincisi ve değişkenler arasında nedensellik ilişkisinin tespiti için de Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) panel nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular şu şekildedir: i) Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, ekonomik büyüme ve finansal gelişme ile enerji tüketimi arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. ii) Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri enerji tüketimi üzerinde negatif; ekonomik büyüme ve finansal gelişme ise pozitif etkiye sahiptir. iii) Panelin geneli için enerji tüketimi ile bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme ve enerji tüketimi ile finansal gelişme arasında iki yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Adha, R., Hong, C. Y., Agrawal, S. & Li, L. H. (2023). ICT, Carbon Emissions, Climate Change, and Energy Demand Nexus: The Potential Benefit of Digitalization in Taiwan. Energy & Environment, 34(5), 1619-1638.
  • Afzal, M. N. I. & Gow, J. (2016). Electricity Consumption and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the N-11 Emerging Economies. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 6(3), 381-388.
  • Afzal, M. N. I., Gow, J. & Rahman, A. (2019). Economic and Internet Growth Effect on Electricity Consumption in the BRICS Countries. International Advances in Economic Research, 25, 339-346.
  • Ahmed, K. (2017). Revisiting the Role of Financial Development for Energy-Growth-Trade Nexus in BRICS Economies. Energy, 128, 487-495.
  • Ahmed, J., ur Rehman, S., Zuhaira, Z., & Nisar, S. (2022). The Nexus between Financial Development and Energy Consumption: Estimating the Role of Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth and Urbanization. Energy & Environment, 33(8), 1562-1582.
  • Apergis, N. & Payne, J. E. (2011). The Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus in Central America. Applied Energy, 88(1), 343-347.
  • Batool, Z., Raza, S. M. F., Ali, S. & Abidin, S. Z. U. (2022). ICT, Renewable Energy, Financial Development, and CO2 Emissions in Developing Countries of East and South Asia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(23), 35025-35035.
  • Bayer, C. & Hanck, C. (2013). Combining Non‐Cointegration Tests. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 34(1), 83-95.
  • Behera, B., Haldar, A. & Sethi, N. (2023). Investigating the Direct and Indirect Effects of Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in the Emerging Economies: Role of Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment, Innovation, and Institutional Quality. Information Technology for Development, 1-24.
  • Bernstein, R. & Madlener, R. (2010). Impact of Disaggregated ICT Capital on Electricity Intensity in European Manufacturing. Applied Economics Letters, 17(17), 1691-1695.
  • Cheng, C. Y., Chien, M. S. & Lee, C. C. (2021). ICT Diffusion, Financial Development, and Economic Growth: An International Cross-Country Analysis. Economic Modelling, 94, 662-671.
  • Cho, Y., Lee, J. & Kim, T. Y. (2007). The Impact of ICT Investment and Energy Price on Industrial Electricity Demand: Dynamic Growth Model Approach. Energy Policy, 35(9), 4730-4738.
  • Çoban, S. & Topcu, M. (2013). The Nexus Between Financial Development and Energy Consumption in the EU: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. Energy Economics, 39, 81-88.
  • Dahmani, M., Mabrouki, M. & Ben Youssef, A. (2023). The ICT, Financial Development, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in MENA Countries: Dynamic Panel CS-ARDL Evidence. Applied Economics, 55(10), 1114-1128.
  • Danish, Saud, S., Baloch, M. A. & Lodhi, R. N. (2018). The Nexus Between Energy Consumption and Financial Development: Estimating the Role of Globalization in Next-11 Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 18651-18661.
  • Destek, M. A. (2018). Financial Development and Energy Consumption Nexus in Emerging Economies. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(1), 76-81.
  • Dumitrescu, E. I. & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450-1460.
  • Faisal, F., Tursoy, T. & Berk, N. (2018). Linear and Non-Linear Impact of Internet Usage and Financial Deepening on Electricity Consumption for Turkey: Empirical Evidence from Asymmetric Causality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(12), 11536-11555.
  • Farhani, S. & Solarin, S. A. (2017). Financial Development and Energy Demand in the United States: New Evidence from Combined Cointegration and Asymmetric Causality Tests. Energy, 134, 1029-1037.
  • Fernández-Portillo, A., Almodóvar-González, M. & Hernández-Mogollón, R. (2020). Impact of ICT Development on Economic Growth. A Study of OECD European Union Countries. Technology in Society, 63, 101420.
  • Frees, E. W. (1995). Assessing Cross-Sectional Correlation in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 69(2), 393-414.
  • Frees, E. W. (2004). Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Friedman, M. (1937). The Use of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit in the Analysis of Variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32(200), 675-701.
  • Friedlingstein, P., O'sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., ... & Zaehle, S. (2020). Global Carbon Budget 2020. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 12(8), 1-3.
  • Gaies, B., Kaabia, O., Ayadi, R., Guesmi, K. & Abid, I. (2019). Financial Development and Energy Consumption: Is the MENA Region Different?. Energy Policy, 135, 111000.
  • Gengenbach, C., Urbain, J. P. & Westerlund, J. (2016). Error Correction Testing in Panels with Common Stochastic Trends. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31(6), 982-1004.
  • Gheraia, Z., Abid, M., Sekrafi, H. & Abdelli, H. (2022). The Moderating Role of ICT Diffusion Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Bootstrap ARDL Approach in Saudi Arabia. Information Technology for Development, 28(4), 816-836.
  • Gómez, M., & Rodríguez, J. C. (2019). Energy Consumption and Financial Development in NAFTA Countries, 1971–2015. Applied Sciences, 9(2), 302.
  • Gregory, A. W. & Hansen, B. E. (1996). Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models with Regime Shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 99-126.
  • Han, B., Wang, D., Ding, W. & Han, L. (2016). Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Energy Consumption in China. Natural Hazards, 84, 297-315.
  • Haseeb, A., Xia, E., Saud, S., Ahmad, A. & Khurshid, H. (2019). Does Information and Communication Technologies Improve Environmental Quality in the Era of Globalization? An Empirical Analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 8594-8608.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2012b). Asymmetric Causality Tests with an Application. Empirical Economics, 43, 447-456.
  • IEA. (2019). http://energyatlas.iea.org/#!/tellmap/1378539487 (20.12. 2023)
  • IEA. (2023). CO2 Emissions in 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2022 (20.12.2023)
  • Ishida, H. (2015). The Effect of ICT Development on Economic Growth and Energy Consumption in Japan. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 79-88.
  • Khan, H., Weili, L. & Khan, I. (2022). Examining the Effect of Information and Communication Technology, Innovations, and Renewable Energy Consumption on CO2 Emission: Evidence from BRICS Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(31), 47696-47712.
  • Kırca, M. & Akkuş, Ö. (2020). Internet Usage, Economic Growth and Electricity Consumption: The Case of EU-15. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 576-594.
  • Kouton, J. (2019). Information Communication Technology Development and Energy Demand in African Countries. Energy, 189, 116192.
  • Kraft, J., & Kraft, A. (1978). On the Relationship Between Energy and GNP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 401-403.
  • Latif, Z., Latif, S., Ximei, L., Pathan, Z. H., Salam, S. & Jianqiu, Z. (2018). The Dynamics of ICT, Foreign Direct Investment, Globalization and Economic Growth: Panel Estimation Robust to Heterogeneity and Cross-Sectional Dependence. Telematics and Informatics, 35(2), 318-328.
  • Levine, R. (1997). Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda. Journal of Economic Literature, 35(2), 688-726.
  • Liu, L., Zhou, C., Huang, J. & Hao, Y. (2018). The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Demand: Evidence from China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 54(2), 269-287.
  • Lu, J., Imran, M., Haseeb, A., Saud, S., Wu, M., Siddiqui, F., & Khan, M. J. (2021). Nexus between Financial Development, FDI, Globalization, Energy Consumption and Environment: Evidence from BRI Countries. Frontiers in Energy Research, 9, 707590.
  • Magazzino, C., Porrini, D., Fusco, G. & Schneider, N. (2021). Investigating the Link among ICT, Electricity Consumption, Air Pollution, and Economic Growth in EU Countries. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 16(11-12), 976-998.
  • Mukhtarov, S., Karacan, R., Aliyev, F. & Ismayilov, V. (2022). The Effect of Financial Development on Energy Consumption: Evidence from Russia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(1), 243-249.
  • Nguyen, C. P., Schinckus, C., Su, T. D. & Chong, F. H. L. (2022). The Energy Consumption: The Global Contributions from Financial Development and Institutions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-20.
  • Ozcan, B. & Apergis, N. (2018). The Impact of Internet Use on Air Pollution: Evidence from Emerging Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 4174-4189.
  • Ozturk, I. (2010). A Literature Survey on Energy-Growth Nexus. Energy Policy, 38(1), 340-349.
  • Park, Y., Meng, F. & Baloch, M. A. (2018). The Effect of ICT, Financial Development, Growth, and Trade Openness on CO2 Emissions: An Empirical Analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 30708-30719.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing Power Parity Tests in Cointegrated Panels. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 727-731.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Ouyang, Y., & Li, P. (2018). On the Nexus of Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Energy Consumption in China: New Perspective from a GMM Panel VAR Approach. Energy Economics, 71, 238-252.
  • Rahimi, M. & Rad, A. A. (2017). Internet Usage, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from a Panel of Developing-8 Countries. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(3), 152-156.
  • Rashid, A. & Yousaf, N. (2015). Linkage of financial development with electricity-growth, nexus of India and Pakistan. EuroEconomica, 34(2), 151-160.
  • Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2010). The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Consumption in Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 38(5), 2528-2535.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2011). Financial Development and Energy Consumption in Central and Eastern European Frontier Economies. Energy Policy, 39(2), 999-1006.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2012). Information Communication Technology and Electricity Consumption in Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 48, 130-136.
  • Saidi, K., Toumi, H. & Zaidi, S. (2017). Impact of Information Communication Technology and Economic Growth on the Electricity Consumption: Empirical Evidence from 67 Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8, 789-803.
  • Salahuddin, M. & Alam, K. (2015). Internet Usage, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Australia: A Time Series Evidence. Telematics and Informatics, 32(4), 862-878.
  • Salahuddin, M. & Alam, K. (2016). Information and Communication Technology, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in OECD countries: A Panel Data Analysis. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 76, 185-193.
  • Sare, Y. A. (2019). Effect of Financial Sector Development on Energy Consumption in Africa: Is It Threshold Specific?. International Journal of Green Energy, 16(15), 1637-1645.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credits, Interest, and the Business Cycle. R. Opie (Trans.). Harvard Economic Studies.
  • Shabani, Z. D. & Shahnazi, R. (2019). Energy Consumption, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Information and Communications Technology, and Gross Domestic Product in Iranian Economic Sectors: A Panel Causality Analysis. Energy, 169, 1064-1078.
  • Shahbaz, M., Rehman, I. U., Sbia, R. & Hamdi, H. (2016). The Role of Information Communication Technology and Economic Growth in Recent Electricity Demand: Fresh Evidence from Combine Cointegration Approach in UAE. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 7, 797-818.
  • Shahbaz, M., Mallick, H., Mahalik, M. K. & Sadorsky, P. (2016). The Role of Globalization on The Recent Evolution of Energy Demand in India: Implications for Sustainable Development. Energy Economics, 55, 52-68.
  • Shahbaz, M., Zakaria, M., Shahzad, S. J. H. & Mahalik, M. K. (2018). The Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in Top Ten Energy-Consuming Countries: Fresh Evidence from Using the Quantile-on-Quantile Approach. Energy Economics, 71, 282-301.
  • Solarin, S. A., Shahbaz, M., Khan, H. N. & Razali, R. B. (2021). ICT, Financial Development, Economic Growth and Electricity Consumption: New Evidence from Malaysia. Global Business Review, 22(4), 941-962.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312-320.
  • Union, I. T. (2022). Measuring Digital Development. Facts and Figures 2022. Technical Report International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Usman, A., Ozturk, I., Hassan, A., Zafar, S. M. & Ullah, S. (2021). The Effect of ICT on Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in South Asian Economies: An Empirical Analysis. Telematics and Informatics, 58, 101537.
  • Tamazian, A., Chousa, J. P. & Vadlamannati, K. C. (2009). Does Higher Economic and Financial Development Lead to Environmental Degradation: Evidence from BRIC Countries. Energy Policy, 37(1), 246-253.
  • Toda, H. Y. & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • Walker, W. (1985). Information Technology and the Use of Energy. Energy Policy, 13(5), 458-476.
  • World Bank. (2012). ICTs for Greater Development Impact-World Bank Group Strategy for Information and Communication Technology 2012-2015. World Bank, Washington, DC. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/WBG_ICTs_Strategy-2012.pdf (10.11.2023)
  • Xu, J. & Yang, X. (2021). Direct Effect and Spillover Effect of ICT on Electricity Consumption in China: Evidence from a Spatial Panel Analysis. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, 1-13.
  • Van Heddeghem, W., Lambert, S., Lannoo, B., Colle, D., Pickavet, M. & Demeester, P. (2014). Trends in Worldwide ICT Electricity Consumption from 2007 to 2012. Computer Communications, 50, 64-76.
  • Vu, K. M. (2011). ICT as a Source of Economic Growth in the Information Age: Empirical Evidence from the 1996-2005 Period. Telecommunications Policy, 35(4), 357-372.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Makro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fındık Özlem Alper 0000-0002-7829-8551

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 21 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Alper, F. Ö. (2024). Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin Enerji Tüketimine Etkisi: BRICS-T Ülkeleri Örneği. Fiscaoeconomia, 8(2), 695-719. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1438771

 Fiscaoeconomia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.