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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>gummfd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1300-1884</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1304-4915</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Gazi Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17341/gazimmfd.1135737</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mühendislik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Investigation of the effects of different arm positions and angles in semg-based hand gesture recognition on classification success.</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>sEmg tabanlı el hareket tanımada farklı kol pozisyon ve açılarının sınıflandırma başarısına olan etkilerinin incelenmesi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-1660</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Parlak</surname>
                                    <given-names>Emre</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ELEKTRİK-ELEKTRONİK FAKÜLTESİ, BİLGİSAYAR MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, BİLGİSAYAR MÜHENDİSLİĞİ PR.</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-9713</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Başpınar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ulvi</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ, ELEKTRİK-ELEKTRONİK MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20240816">
                    <day>08</day>
                    <month>16</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>40</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>297</fpage>
                                        <lpage>312</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220625">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20240223">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1986, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1986</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>There are many studies in the literature on EMG-based applications. These studies have focused mainly on human-machine interaction and various areas such as rehabilitation, active prosthesis control. In the studies, many factors affecting the performance of the classifiers such as fatigue of the arm muscles, sweat on the skin, and noise from the electrodes have been mentioned in the classification of EMG signals. The common point of these studies is that most of the EMG recordings were made while the forearm was fixed and in a certain position. The arm position and wrist angles where the gesture is made are also factors that affect the gesture estimation. It is expected that the sEMG signals used in systems such as active prosthesis control and human-machine interaction would be correctly classified in different positions and angles of the arm in the flow of daily life. In this study, it was aimed to determine hand gestures, wrist angles and arm positions by using surface electromyogram signals from the right forearms of more than one person, and at the same time, the effects of different arm positions and angles on hand gesture classification were studied. Evaluations were made at the point of whether the negative effects caused by different arm positions and angles could be eliminated by using acceleration and gyroscope data, and their effects on the classifier performance were included. Artificial neural networks and support vector machines were used as classification tools and performance comparison was made. As a result of the evaluation, it has been determined that the collection of training data in all positions and angles of the forearm improves the classification results in the training of an EMG-based system planned to be used in daily life. It was determined that the acceleration and gyroscope data at different positions contributed little to the motion classification performance. In the scope of the study, the addition of acceleration and gyroscope data, where only EMG data is insufficient to detect wrist angle and arm position, increased wrist angle estimations. In arm position determination, it was seen that the acceleration data together with the EMG were effective in determining the arm position angle. When the groups are examined in terms of classifier performance, it is observed that SVM classifier shows higher classification performance in general, but ANN gives good results than SVM in some groups.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>EMG tabanlı uygulamalar ile ilgili literatürde oldukça çok sayıda çalışma yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmalar, insan makine etkileşimi başta olmak üzere rehabilitasyon, aktif protez kontrolü gibi alanlarda yoğunlaşmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda EMG sinyallerinin sınıflandırılmasında sınıflayıcıların performansını etkileyen kol kaslarının yorulması, ciltteki ter, elektrotlardan kaynaklanan gürültüler gibi çok sayıda faktörden bahsedilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmaların birçoğunda EMG kayıtları ön kol sabit ve belirli bir pozisyondayken yapılmıştır.   Hareketin yapıldığı kol pozisyonu ve bilek açıları da hareket tahminini etkileyen etkenlerdendir. Aktif protez kontrolü, insan makine etkileşimi gibi sistemlerde kullanılan sEMG sinyallerinin günlük hayatın akışında kolun farklı pozisyon ve açılarında da doğru sınıflandırması beklenmektedir.  Bu çalışmada birden fazla kişinin sağ ön kollarından alınan yüzey elektromiyogram sinyalleri kullanılarak el hareketleri, bu el hareketlerinin yapıldığı bilek açıları ve kol pozisyonları tespit edilmek istenmiş, aynı zamanda farklı kol pozisyonlarının ve açılarının el hareket sınıflamasındaki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hareketin yapıldığı farklı kol pozisyonları ve açılar nedeniyle ortaya çıkan olumsuz etkilerin ivme ve jiroskop verileri kullanılarak giderilip giderilemeyeceği noktasında da değerlendirmeler yapılarak sınıflandırıcı performanslarına etkilerine yer verilmiştir. Sınıflandırma aracı olarak yapay sinir ağları ve destek vektör makineleri kullanılmış, performans karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucu günlük hayatta kullanılması planlanan EMG tabanlı bir sistemin eğitiminde ön kolun tüm pozisyon ve açılarında eğitim verisinin toplanması sınıflandırma sonuçlarını iyileştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Farklı pozisyonlarda ivme ve jiroskop verilerinin hareket sınıflama performansına çok az bir katkı sunduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında yalnız EMG verisinin bilek açısını ve kol pozisyonunu tespit etmekte yetersiz olduğu ivme ile jiroskop verilerinin eklenmesi ise bilek açısı tahminleri yükseltmiştir. Kol pozisyonu tespitinde ise EMG ile birlikte ivme verisinin kol pozisyon açısını belirlemede etkin olduğu görülmüştür. Sınıflandırıcı performansı olarak gruplar incelendiğinde genel olarak DVM sınıflayıcısının daha yüksek sınıflama performansı göstermekle beraber YSA’nın da iyi sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>EMG</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yapay Sinir Ağları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Destek Vektör Makinesi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  El Hareket Tanıma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İnsan Makine Etkileşimi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Marmara Üniversitesi BAPKO</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>FEN-K-090518-0244</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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