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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>gummfd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1300-1884</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1304-4915</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Gazi Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17341/gazimmfd.1790413</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Biomedical Engineering (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Biyomedikal Mühendisliği (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Pembe gürültü enjeksiyonunun EEG tabanlı epileptik nöbet tespiti üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Evaluating the impact of pink noise injection on EEG-based epileptic seizure detection</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4867-3100</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ekim</surname>
                                    <given-names>Güneş</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260331">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>41</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>703</fpage>
                                        <lpage>718</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250924">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260201">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>01</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1986, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1986</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Epilepsi, dünya genelinde 50 milyondan fazla kişiyi etkileyen ciddi bir nörolojik hastalıktır ve nöbetlerin öngörülemeyen şekilde ortaya çıkması hasta güvenliği ve yaşam kalitesi açısından kritik riskler oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, otomatik nöbet tespit sistemlerinin yalnızca yüksek doğruluk sağlaması değil, aynı zamanda gerçek hayatta karşılaşılan gürültü ve artefaktlara karşı dayanıklılık göstermesi gerekir. Ancak mevcut çalışmaların çoğu, yalnızca temiz EEG verileri üzerinde değerlendirme yapmakta ve gerçek klinik koşullardaki bozucuları dikkate almamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, düşük frekans bileşenlerinde yoğun enerji dağılımı nedeniyle biyolojik sinyalleri daha gerçekçi biçimde temsil eden pembe gürültü koşullarında epileptik nöbet tespit sistemlerinin dayanıklılığı sistematik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Özellik çıkarımı için iki yöntem karşılaştırılmıştır: Sınıf bazlı referans spektrumları ile güç spektral yoğunluğu fark özellikleri ve çeşitli dalgacık tipleri arasından Coiflet 4’ün seçildiği ayrık dalgacık dönüşümü. Sınıflandırma Rastgele Orman, Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı ve k-En Yakın Komşu ile yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, özellikle güç spektral yoğunluğu özellikleri ile rastgele orman sınıflandırıcısının farklı gürültü seviyelerinde en yüksek başarımı sağladığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, düşük ve orta seviyelerdeki pembe gürültünün doğruluk performansını yalnızca korumakla kalmayıp belirli durumlarda iyileştirdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma, pembe gürültü enjeksiyonunu dayanıklılığı test eden gerçekçi bir çerçeve olarak sunması ve güç spektral yoğunluğu ve rastgele orman kombinasyonunun hesaplama açısından verimli, klinikte uygulanabilir bir çözüm olduğunu göstermektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder affecting more than 50 million people worldwide, and the unpredictable occurrence of seizures poses critical risks to patient safety and quality of life. Therefore, automatic seizure detection systems must not only achieve high accuracy but also demonstrate robustness against noise and artifacts encountered in real-world scenarios. However, most existing studies are conducted solely on clean EEG data and fail to adequately account for the disturbances present in clinical conditions. In this study, the robustness of epileptic seizure detection systems was systematically evaluated under pink noise conditions, which, due to their high energy distribution at low frequencies, provides a more realistic representation of biological signals. Two feature extraction methods were compared: power spectral density with class-based reference spectral difference features, and discrete wavelet transform with Coiflet 4 selected among various wavelet types. Classification was performed using Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron, and k-Nearest Neighbor. The results demonstrated that power spectral density features combined with the Random Forest classifier consistently achieved the highest performance across different noise levels. Furthermore, low and moderate levels of pink noise were observed not only to preserve but, in some cases, to improve classification accuracy. This study highlights the introduction of pink noise injection as a realistic framework for testing robustness and shows that the combination of power spectral density and Random Forest provides a computationally efficient and clinically applicable solution for EEG-based seizure detection.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Epileptik nöbet tespiti</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  EEG sinyal analizi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  pembe gürültü enjeksiyonu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  güç spektral yoğunluğu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  dalgacık dönüşümü</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Epileptic seizure detection</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  EEG signal analysis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  pink noise injection</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  power spectral density</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  wavelet transform</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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