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<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>gbad</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2146-8168</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2146-8168</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Materials and Technology in Architecture</subject>
                                                            <subject>Sustainable Architecture</subject>
                                                            <subject>Architecture (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mimarlıkta Malzeme ve Teknoloji</subject>
                                                            <subject>Sürdürülebilir Mimari</subject>
                                                            <subject>Mimarlık (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Malzeme Seçiminin Yenileme Tabanlı Gömülü Karbon Emisyonlarına Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Tokat İlinde Bir Vaka Çalışması</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bıyık</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hatice</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TOKAT GAZIOSMANPASA UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>15</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>55</fpage>
                                        <lpage>69</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251231">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>31</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260109">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Embodied carbon emissions play a critical role in mitigating climate change in the built environment. Reducing the embodied carbon footprint has become increasingly important across distinct areas. Construction activities have a remarkable impact on embodied carbon emissions. During building use, material and component obsolescence, or the end of their service lifetime, triggers building replacements. These replacement-based construction activities lead to embodied carbon emissions. The replacements vary due to distinct material and component choices and have variations in embodied carbon emissions. Hence, this study aims to assess the impact of material selection on embodied carbon emissions for building replacements in the scope of a representative building in Tokat. The embodied carbon emissions of replaceable building elements and components were manually calculated for the use phase of the buildings. In this regard, two distinct replacement-based scenarios were created for the reference building. While conventional materials were selected for replacements in the first scenario, low-carbon materials were chosen in the second. The results revealed that 36% of embodied carbon emissions (12.7 t CO2e) can be reduced by choosing more environmentally friendly materials with lower carbon emissions, such as wooden, water-based, and emulsion-based materials. The waterproofing membranes, roofing tiles, windows, and interior doors were significant elements and components in the case study, helping reduce total embodied carbon emissions. The results showed the importance of material selection for building replacements, which is crucial for architects, engineers, and decision-makers to provide more sustainable solutions within the scope of replacement-based embodied carbon emissions.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Gömülü karbon emisyonları yapılı çevrede iklim değişikliği azaltımında kritik bir role sahiptir. Gömülü karbon ayakizinin azaltılması farklı alanlarda giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. İnşaat faaliyetleri, gömülü karbon emisyonlarında dikkate değer bir bir etkiye sahiptir. Bina kullanımı sırasında, malzeme ve bileşenlerin eskimesi veya hizmet ömürlerinin sona ermesi, binada yenilemeler yapılmasını tetikler. Bu yenileme bazlı inşaat aktiviteleri gömülü karbon emisyonlarına sebeb olmaktadır. Binalardaki yenileme uygulamaları, farklı malzeme ve bileşen seçimleri nedeniyle değişiklik göstermekte ve gömülü karbon emisyon sonuçlarında farklılıklara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Tokat&#039;taki temsili bir binayı vaka çalışması olarak ele alarak, bina yenilemelerinde malzeme seçiminin gömülü karbon emisyonları üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bina kullanım aşamasındayken, değiştirilebilir olan yapı elemanları ve bileşenleri için gömülü karbon emisyonları manuel olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, vaka çalışması için bina yenilemesi bazında iki farklı senaryo oluşturulmuştur. Birinci senaryoda, bina yenilemeleri için geleneksel malzemeler seçilirken, ikinci senaryoda düşük karbonlu malzemeler seçilmiştir. Sonuçlar, düşük karbon emisyonuna sahip olan ahşap, su bazlı ve emülsiyon bazlı malzemeler gibi daha çevre dostu malzemelerin seçilmesiyle, gömülü karbon emisyonlarının %36&#039;sının (12,7 t CO2e) azaltılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Vaka çalışmasında, su yalıtım membranlarının, çatı kiremitlerinin, pencerelerin ve iç kapıların toplam gömülü karbon emisyonlarını azaltmada önemli yapı elemanları ve bileşenleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, mimarlar, mühendisler ve karar vericiler için yenilemeye dayalı gömülü karbon emisyonları açısından daha sürdürülebilir çözümler sunabilmek adına, bina yenilemelerinde malzeme seçiminin önemini ortaya koymuştur.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Embodied carbon emissions</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Material selection</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Low-carbon materials</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Buildings</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Built Environment</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Gömülü karbon emisyonları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Malzeme seçimi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Düşük karbonlu malzemeler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Binalar</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yapılı çevre</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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