genel tıp derg

Genel Tıp Dergisi

2602-3741

Selçuk Üniversitesi

10.54005/geneltip.1638805

Internal Diseases

İç Hastalıkları

A Review of Theses on Complementary and Supportive Medicine Practices for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Diabetes Mellitus’lu Hastalar ile İlgili Yapılan Tamamlayıcı ve Destekleyici Tıp Uygulamalarını İçeren Tezlerin İncelenmesi: Sistematik Derleme

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4477-7159

Akdeniz

Şengül

AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, SAĞLIK BAKIM HİZMETLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, YAŞLI BAKIMI PR.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-5364

Yildirim Keskin

Alev

SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, AKŞEHİR KADİR YALLAGÖZ SAĞLIK YÜKSEKOKULU

03 31 2026

36 2026 1 8 02 13 2025 09 05 2025

1990

Genel Tıp Dergisi

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine nursing theses on complementary and supportive medicine practices for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM) in Turkey and to guide future related studies and nursing practices.Materials and Methods: The data in the study were obtained by searching the keywords “diabetes”, “complementary”, “supportive treatment”, “holistic complementary and supportive treatment”, “integrative treatment”, “nursing”, “acupressure”, “massage”, “aromatherapy”, “reflexology”, “reiki”, “yoga”, “herbal treatment” in the database of the National Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education after a literature review. As a result of the search, 11 theses written between 1994 and 2023 in the Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing were identified, and the information of the theses were accessed.Results: According to the results of the study, complementary and supportive medicine practices were found to be effective in the symptoms of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (neuropathic pain, sleep and quality of life, anxiety, hope, cognitive functions, lowering/stabilizing blood glucose levels, psychological relief).Conclusion: It was concluded that complementary and supportive medicine practices such as acupressure, aromatherapy (inhalation/scent), reflexology foot massage), herbal therapy were used in patients with Type 2 DM. These practices were found to have positive effects on blood sugar regulation, neuropathic pain, sleep and quality of life, anxiety, hope, cognitive functions, and psychological relaxation.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus’lu (Tip 2 DM) hastalara yönelik tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici tıp uygulamalarına ilişkin hemşirelik tezlerini inceleyerek gelecekte yapılacak ilgili çalışmalara ve hemşirelik uygulamalarına yol göstermektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada veriler, literatür taraması sonrasında Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında “diyabet”, “tamamlayıcı”, “destekleyici tedavi”, “bütüncül tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici tedavi”, “integratif tedavi”, “hemşirelik”, “akupres”, “masaj”, “aromaterapi”, “refleksoloji”, “reiki”, “yoga, “bitkisel tedavi” anahtar kelimeleri taranarak yapılmıştır. Tarama sonucunda Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalında 1994-2023 yılları arasında yazılmış 11 tez belirlenmiş ve tezlerin bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışma sonuçlarına göre tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici tıp uygulamalarının Diyabetes Mellitus tanılı bireylerin (nöropatik ağrı, uyku ve yaşam kalitesi, kaygı, umut, bilişsel fonksiyonlar, kan şekeri düzeyini düşürmek/dengelemek, psikolojik rahatlama gibi) semptomlarında etkili olduğu bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Tip 2 DM’lu hastalarda akupres, aromaterapi (inhalasyon/koku), refleksoloji ayak masajı), bitkisel tedavi gibi tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici tıp uygulamalarının kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşıldı. Kullanılan bu uygulamaların; kan şekeri düzenleme, nöropatik ağrı, uyku ve yaşam kalitesi, kaygı, umut, bilişsel fonksiyonlar, psikolojik rahatlama gibi olumlu etkilerinin olduğu saptandı.

Type 2 DM patient complementary and supportive medicine thesis

Tip 2 DM hasta tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici tıp tez

1. Ganasegeran K, Hor CP, Jamil M, Loh HC, Noor JM, Hamid NA, Suppiah PD, Abdul Manaf MR, Ch’ng A, Looi I. A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020; 17:5723.

2. Lin X, Xu Y, Pan X, Xu J, Ding Y, Sun X, Song X, Ren Y, Shan PF. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: An analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci. Rep. 2020; 10: 14790.

3. Şanlıtürk D, Kaplan N. The Effect of Complementary Medicine Use on Treatment Compliance in Diabetes and Hypertension Patients. J Integr Anatol Med 2023; 4(2): 45-61

4. Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment Guide 2023, 12th Edition, Elif Ofset Matbaacılık. chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.turkdiab.org/ad min/PICS/webfiles/2023_diyabet_tani_ve_tedavi_rehberi.pdf.ErişimDate:09.09.202 4.

5. Fang M, Wang D, Coresh J, Selvin E. Trends in Diabetes Treatment and Control in U.S. Adults, 1999-2018. N Engl J Med 2021; 384(23):2219-28.

6. Boye KS, Thieu VT, Lage MJ, Miller H, Paczkowski R. The Association Between Sustained HbA1c Control and Long-Term Complications Among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study. Adv Ther 2022;39(5):2208-21.

7. Blonde L, Aschner P, Bailey C, Ji L, Leiter LA, Matthaei S; Global Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management. Gaps and barriers in the control of blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017;14(3):172-83.

8. International Diabetes Federation,I. IDF Atlas of Diabetes, 10th Edition, Brussels, Belgium, 2021.

9. Araki E, Goto A, Kondo T, Noda M, Noto H, Origasa H, Osawa H, Taguchi A, Tanizawa Y, Tobe K, Yoshioka N. Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2019. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11(4):1020–76.

10. Chavan P, Karale AP, Pratibha T. Complementary and Supportive Medicine in Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Current Res and Rev 2020;12(17):156-162.

11. Çiçek Korkmaz, A. System Errors in Patient Safety and Nursing Approach. Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing E-Journal. 2015;3(2):47-55.

12. Nural N, Çakmak S. Status of Using Complementary and Supportive Treatments of Individuals with Chronic Disease. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies, 2018;1(1):1–9.

13. Nuriya N, Taufik A. Acupressure As A Stabılıty Of Blood Sugar In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review. International Journal Of Biomedical Nursing Review. 2022;1(1):19-25.

14. Aprilyadi N, Zuraidah Ridawati DI. Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Melaluı Pelatıhan Self Healing Reiki Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tıpe 2, Selaparang Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 2023;7(2): 947-951.

15. Gomaa WS, Mohammed HG, TahaAS, Abo El-Fadl NM. Effect of Foot Reflexology Technique on Diabetic Neuropathy Patients’ Health Outcomes. Journal of Nursing Science- Benha University. 2022;3(2),2682 – 3934.

16. Wibowo RA, Nuramalia R, Nurrahma HA, Oktariana E, Setiawan J, Icanervilia AV, Agustiningsih D. The Effect of Yoga on Health-Related Fitness among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19: 4199.

17. Kaynak İ., Polat Ü. The use of complementary and supportive therapies by patients with diabetes mellitus and their relationship with diabetes attitudes. Journal of General Medicine 2017;27(2):56-64.

18. Yakupçebioğlu FN. Diabetes Mellituslu Hastaların Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tedavi Kullanım Durumlarının Belirlenmesi. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi Komutanlığı Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2012;1-72.

19. Kaynak İ. Diabetes Mellitus’lu Hastaların Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tedavileri Kullanma Durumları ve Diyabet Tutumları ile İlişkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2015; 1-85.

20. Topuz S. Diabetes Mellituslu Hastaların Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tedavi Kullanım Durumlarının ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarına Etkisi. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 2018;1-115.

21. Oruç GF. Akupresur Uygulamasının Tip 2 Diyabet Hastalarında Polinöropati ile İlişkili Ağrı ve Uyku Kalitesine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Erzurum, 2020; 1-86.

22. Can S. Diyabetli Yaşlılarda Aromaterapi Uygulamasının Bilişsel Fonksiyonlar, Kaygı ve Uyku Kalitesine Etkisi. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Bolu, 2022; 1-87.

23. Gündoğan R. Nöropatik Ağrısı Olan Diyabetli Bireylere Uygulanan Refleksoloji Masajının ve Ayak Banyosunun Ağrı ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sağ. Bil. Ens. Doktora Tezi, Gaziantep, 2022; 1-75.

24. Demir E. Diyabet Tedavisinde Hasta Uyumu ile Tamamlayıcı Ve Alternatif Tedaviye İlişkin Tutumların İncelenmesi. Ege Ünv. Sağ. Bil. Enstitüsü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir, 2022; 1-73.

25. Demirel C. Nöropatik Ağrısı Olan Diyabetli Hastalara Uygulanan Ayak Refleksolojisinin Hastaların Yaşam Kalitesi, Umut ve Ağrı Düzeylerine Etkisi. İnönü Ünv. Sağ. Bil. Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi, Malatya, 2023; 1-71.

26. Apaydın E. Tip 2 Diyabeti Olan Yaşlılara Uygulanan Geriatrik Masajın Diyabet Semptomları ve Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Trabzon, 2023; 1-128.

27. Şimşekoğlu N. Diyabetik Nöropatik Ağrıya Yönelik Uygulanan Refleksoloji Masajının Hastaların Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hamidiye Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi, 2023; 1-84.

28. Akçin A. Kahkaha Yogasının Tip 2 Diyabetli Hastalarda Kan Glikoz Değeri, Hastalık Algısı ve Algılanan Stres Düzeyine Etkisi. İnönü Ünv. Sağ. Bil. Ens., Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Malatya, 2023; 1-68.

29.American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2018). Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical Care in diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care 41(Suppl. 1): 2018;S13-S27.

30. Eşer AK, Doğan EN, Kav S, Bulut Y. Evaluation of Patient Compliance in Type 2 DM Treatment, Ege University Journal of Nursing Faculty.2018;34(2):64-76.

31. Abdollahi F, Mobadery T. The effect of aromatherapy with bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract on anxiety and fatigue in type 2 diabetic patients. Advances in Integrative Medicine, Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2020, Pages 3-7.

32. Lari ZN, Hajimonfarednejad M, Riasatian M, Abolhassanzadeh Z, Traji A, Vojoud M, Heydari M, Shams M. Efficacy of inhaled Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential oil on sleep quality, quality of life and metabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type II and insomnia, Lournal Ethnopharmacol 251, 112560.

33. Nuriya N, Taufik A. Acupressure As A Stabılıty Of Blood Sugar In Patıents Wıth Type Iı Dıabetes Mellıtus: A Lıterature Revıew. Int J Biomedical-Nurs-Rev (IJBNR) 2022;1(1).

34. Rivaz M, Rahpeima M, Khademian Z, Dabbaghmanesh MH. The effects of aromatherapy massage with avender essential oil on neuropathic pain and quality of life in diabetic patients: A randomized clinical trial, Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2021;44: 101430.

35. Nafaji S, Ghorbani H, Yoosefinejad AK, Kalyani MN. The Effect of Acupressure on Fasting Blood Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2021; 9(2): 152–158.

36. Mood MS, Yavari Z, Taghanaki HB, Mahmoudirad G. The effect of acupressure on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021 May:43:101393. 37. Çiçek S, Şendur EG. Use of Aromatherapy in Diabetes Management. International Journal of Tradional and Complementary Medicine Research. 2021;2(2):115-120.

38. Hasina SN, Shodiq M, Misutarno Putri RA, Noventi L, Rohmawati R. The Effect of Mindfulness Meditation Based on Spiritual Care with Rose Aromatherapy on Stress and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients. Archives 2024;18(5):1-17.

39.Ratnawati D, Hanani TA. Efek Kombinasi Relaksasi Autogenik ve Aromaterapi Lavanta Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Pasien DM Tipe 2. Jurnal Kebidanan Dan Kesehatan Tradisional. 2020;5(2): 67–74.

40. Cahyati Y, Rosdiana I, Elengoe A, Podder S. Effect of Benson Relaxation and Aromatherapy on Blood Glucose Levels in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Mal J Med Health Sci 16(SUPP10): 2020; 43-49.

41. Sari LT, Wibisono W, Renityas NN. The effectiveness of reflexology massage to the reduction of blood sugar level of elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Ners Dan Kebidanan 2022; 9(2): 142-147.

42. Taledo TG, Freire MLA, Reis dos LM, Terra AMSV, Santos ATS. Effect of Foot Reflexology on Muscle Electrical Activity, Pressure, Plantar Distribution, and Body Sway in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(21): 14547.

43. Rashwan MA, Bedier NA, Kharbotly SSED, Ebrahim YN, Sharaf AY. The effect of Buerger Allen Exercise Versus Reflexology on Lower Extremity Perfusion and Pain among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ASNJ. 2022; 24: 1.

44. Shobanadevi S, Aruchunan M, Mangaiarkarasi N, Kahlilsubramanian K, Manavalan N. Effect of reflexology at pancreatic area of palms on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled study. Advances in Integ Med 2023;10:152–156.

45. Aprilyadi N, Juartika W, Zuraidah, Sutarmi, Warijan. The Reiki therapy effect on reduction the anxiety and the fatigue for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: case study in lubuklinggau City, South Sumatra –Indonesia.Health, Sport, Rehabilitation. 2025;11(3).

46. Souilm NA. Effect of Reiki and Qi-gong therapy on improving negative emotional states of anxiety, depression, and stress among Type-2 Diabetic patients. Assiut J Scientific Nurs 2024;12(41): 235-246.

47. Arslan Göke G, Çınar Yücel Ş. Hand massage application in nursing care and systematic analysis of studies. Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University Journal of Faculty of Health Sciences. 2017; 2: 15-20.

48. Sunarmi S, Isworo A, Ari D, Sitepu FY, Triredjeki H (2022). The effectiveness of massage therapy on healing of diabetic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus patients. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;10(G): 190-194.

49. Syaripudin A, Natashia D, Gayatri D. Aromatherapy back massage intervention on sleep quality in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Journal of Nursing Silampari.2021; 4(2): 450-458.

50. Sunarmi AI. Combination of wound treatment and massage for healing diabetic foot ulcers. International Journal of Nursing Education. 2021;13(1): 137-140.

51. Ergün U, Ürk A, Kırık A, Uysal A, Eroğlu M. Use of Non-Drug Herbal Products or Other Methods in Diabetic Patients. Kocatepe Medical Journal, 22:119-124.

52. Güven DŞ. Nevşehir Journal of Science and Technology. 2020; 9(1) 1-8.

53. Tosun SA, Zincir H, Eliş E. Complementary and supportive medicine and self-efficacy level in Turkish adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cukurova Med J 2019;44(2):309-318.

54. Kumar VR, Mohan MVR, Kumar GV, Kalra S. Laughter therapy in diabetes. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021; 71(6):1696-7.

55. Mishra P, Greenfield SM, Harris T, Hamer M., Lewis SA, Singh K, Nair R, Mukherjee S, Tandon N, Kinra S, Manjunath NK, Prabhakaran D, Chattopadhyay K. Yoga Programme for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention (YOGA-DP): A Qualitative Study Exploring the Trial Team’s Facilitators and Challenges in Conducting a Feasibility Trial in India. Diabetes Ther 2023;14:1695–1709.

56. Kurian J, Mohanthy S, Nanjumdaih RM. Mechanism of action of yoga on prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Narrative review. J Bodywork and Movement Therpy 2022; 29:134-139.

57. Venugopal V, Geethanjali S, Poonguzhali S, Padmavathi R, Mahadevan S, Silambanan S, Maheshkumar K. Effect of Yoga on Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Current Diabetes Rev 2022;18(2):e050421192663.

58. Hirosaki M, Ohira T, Wu Y, Eguchi E, Shirai K, Imano H, Funakubo N, Nishizawa H, Katakami N, Shimomura I, Iso H. Laughter yoga as an enjoyable therapeutic approach for glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023; 32(14):1148468.