A Review on the Impact of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Material on Products Manufactured Using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Additive Manufacturing Method

Abdullah Burak Keşkekçi; Merdan Özkahraman; Hilmi Cenk Bayrakçı

TR EN

Eriyik Yığdırmalı Modelleme (FDM) İmalat Yöntemi Kullanılarak Üretilen Ürünler Üzerinde Polilaktik Asit (PLA) Malzemenin Etkisine Dair Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu derleme makalesi, Eriyik Yığdırmalı Modelleme (FDM) imalat yöntemi kullanılarak üretilen ürünlerde Polilaktik Asit (PLA) malzemenin rolünü ve etkisini kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Biyolojik uyumluluğu, biyobozunur olması ve mükemmel baskı özellikleri nedeniyle PLA, FDM aracılığıyla üç boyutlu (3D) baskı için sıkça tercih edilen bir malzemedir. Şu anda, 3D baskı teknolojileri, PLA'nın bu teknolojik ilerlemede önemli bir rol oynadığı birçok endüstri ve uygulamada hızla yayılmaktadır. PLA, mısır nişastası veya şeker kamışından türetilen bir biyoplastik olup, yenilenebilir bir polimer olarak hizmet eder. Bu özellikler, PLA'yı sürdürülebilir üretim ve çevre dostu uygulamalar için ideal kılar. FDM 3D baskıda PLA kullanımı, yüksek çözünürlük, güçlü yapışma ve işleme kolaylığı gibi avantajlar sunar. Ayrıca, PLA'nın düşük termal genleşme katsayısı, ürünlerin tutarlı bir şekilde basılmasını sağlar. PLA'nın bu özellikleri, endüstriyel prototiplerden tıbbi implantlara, ambalaj malzemelerinden oyuncaklara kadar geniş bir uygulama yelpazesinde kullanılmasını sağlar. Ancak, PLA'nın FDM 3D baskı sürecindeki performansı ve etkisi, baskı parametreleri, dolgu desenleri ve baskı yönü gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişebilir. Baskı parametreleri, PLA'nın erime sıcaklığı, besleme hızı ve katman kalınlığı gibi faktörleri kapsar. Dolgu desenleri ve baskı yönü, ürünün mekanik dayanıklılığını, yüzey kalitesini ve baskı süresini önemli ölçüde etkiler. Dolayısıyla, PLA'nın 3D baskıda etkin kullanımı için uygun parametrelerin belirlenmesi ve optimizasyonu hayati önem taşır. Bu derleme, FDM 3D baskı sürecinde PLA'nın rolü ve performansı hakkındaki mevcut literatürden araştırmaları toplar ve PLA'nın yapısal ve mekanik özelliklerini, baskı parametrelerinin ve dolgu desenlerinin etkisini, PLA kullanılarak üretilen ürünlerin endüstriyel uygulamalarını kapsar. Özellikle, PLA'nın fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri, baskı parametrelerinin optimizasyonu, dolgu desenlerinin geometrisi, baskı yönü ve katman yapısı incelenmektedir. Ayrıca, PLA kullanılarak üretilen ürünlerin mekanik dayanıklılığı, yüzey kalitesi, termal davranışı ve biyolojik uyumluluğuna odaklanılıyor. Bu çalışma, FDM 3D baskı teknolojisinin etkin kullanımını artırmak amacıyla PLA'nın özellikleri ve performansı hakkında kapsamlı bir referans sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Tasarım ve mühendislik alanlarında çalışan araştırmacılar, endüstri profesyonelleri ve akademisyenler için değerli bir kaynak olmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, PLA'nın gelecekteki gelişim ve yeni uygulama alanları için potansiyelini keşfetmekle ilgilenenler için önemli bilgiler sunar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eriyik Yığdırmalı Modelleme , eklemeli imalat , Polylactic Acid , Dayanım Testi , Polimer

A Review on the Impact of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Material on Products Manufactured Using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Additive Manufacturing Method

Abstract

This compilation article extensively examines the role and impact of Polylactic Acid (PLA) material in products manufactured using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing method. PLA, due to its biological compatibility, biodegradability, and excellent printing characteristics, is frequently favored as a material for three-dimensional (3D) printing via FDM. Presently, 3D printing technologies are rapidly proliferating across numerous industries and applications, with PLA playing a significant role in this technological advancement. PLA is a bioplastic, derived from corn starch or sugarcane, and serves as a renewable polymer. These attributes render PLA ideal for sustainable production and environmentally friendly applications. The utilization of PLA in FDM 3D printing offers advantages such as high resolution, strong adhesion, and ease of processing. Additionally, PLA's low thermal expansion coefficient ensures consistent printing of products. These properties of PLA enable its utilization across a wide array of applications, ranging from industrial prototypes to medical implants, packaging materials, and toys. However, PLA's performance and impact in the FDM 3D printing process can vary based on factors like printing parameters, infill patterns, and printing orientation. Printing parameters encompass factors such as PLA's melting temperature, feed rate, and layer thickness. Infill patterns and printing orientation significantly affect the mechanical durability, surface quality, and printing duration of the product. Hence, the identification and optimization of suitable parameters are crucial for the effective utilization of PLA in 3D printing. This compilation gathers research from the existing literature regarding PLA's role and performance in the FDM 3D printing process, encompassing PLA's structural and mechanical attributes, the influence of printing parameters and infill patterns, and the industrial applications of products manufactured using PLA. Specifically, the physical and chemical characteristics of PLA, optimization of printing parameters, geometry of infill patterns, printing orientation, and layer structure are examined. Furthermore, the focus is on the mechanical durability, surface quality, thermal behavior, and biological compatibility of products manufactured using PLA. This study aims to provide a comprehensive reference regarding the characteristics and performance of PLA to enhance the effective use of FDM 3D printing technology. It is intended to be a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and academics engaged in the fields of design and engineering. Additionally, it offers significant information for those interested in exploring PLA's potential for future development and new application domains.

Keywords

Additive Manufacturing , Fused Deposition Modeling , Polylactic Acid , Strength Testing , Polymer

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Mechanical Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Abdullah Burak Keşkekçi ^*
0000-0001-8432-7470
Türkiye

Merdan Özkahraman
0000-0002-3501-6497
Türkiye

Hilmi Cenk Bayrakçı
0000-0001-5064-7310
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2023

Submission Date

November 18, 2023

Acceptance Date

December 11, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 9 Number: 4

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99EL26JN

IEEE

[1]A. B. Keşkekçi, M. Özkahraman, and H. C. Bayrakçı, “A Review on the Impact of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Material on Products Manufactured Using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Additive Manufacturing Method”, GJES, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 158–173, Dec. 2023, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA99EL26JN

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Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences (GJES) publishes open access articles under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)