Candida Mikroorganizmalarının Polimerik Yüzeylere Yapışmasının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bir malzeme yüzeyi üzerindeki mikroorganizma adezyonu biyomedikal cihazlar, implantlar, ilaç salım sistemleri, yapı iskeleleri v.b. uygulamalarda kritik önem taşır. Biyoaktif, biyoinert, biyolojik kirlenmeyi önleyici özelliklere sahip olması istenen yüzeyler, spesifik bileşiklerin bu yüzeyler üzerine fiziksel adsorpsiyonu  ya da kimyasal modifikasyon ile hazırlanabilirler. Mikro/nano desenli yüzey üretimi yüzey modifikasyon yollarının en önemli olanlarından biridir. Çalışmalar ıslatılabilirlik (hidrofilisite/hidrofobisite), bir yüzeyin karakteri, yüzey yükü, serbest yüzey enerjisi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü gibi yüzey özelliklerinin malzeme yüzeylerine olan mikroorganizma adezyonunu etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır.

 

Bu çalışmanın amacı polimerik materyallerin yüzey özellikleri ile medikal alanda fırsatçı patojenler olarakta bilinen ve sistemik mantar enfeksiyonlarının başlıca sebebi olan Candida mikroorganizmalarının adezyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.

Keywords

• Polimer Yüzeyler,Candida,Biyofilm,Adezyon

Investigation of Candida Microorganisms Adherence to Polymeric Surfaces: A Review

Abstract

Microorganism adhesion on a material surface plays a crucial role on the application of biomedical devices, implants, drug delivery systems, scaffolds and so on. Desirable surfaces which have bioactive, bioinert or anti-biofoul property can be prepared by physical adsorption of specific compounds on these surfaces or chemical modification. Micro/nano patterned surface fabrication is one of the most important ways of surface modification. Studies reveal that surface properties such as wettability (hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity) character of a surface, surface charge, surface free energy, and surface roughness effects the adhesion of the microorganisms on material surfaces.

 

The aim of this study is the investigation of relationship between surface properties of polymeric materials and adhesion of Candida microorganisms who known as opportunist pathogens in medical area and the main reason of the systemic fungal infections.

Keywords

• Polymer Surfaces,Candida,Biofilm,Adhesion

References

1. [1] Tournu H. and Van Dijck P. Candida biofilms and the host: models and new concepts for eradication. International Journal of Microbiology, 2012, 2012: 1-16. DOI: 10.1155/2012/845352
2. [2] Donlan R. M. and Costerton J. W. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2002, 15: 167-193. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002
3. [3] Bothwell M. R., Smith A. L. and Phillips T. Recalcitrant otorrhea due to Pseudomonas biofilm. Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, 2003, 129: 599-601. DOI: 10.1016/S0194-5998(03)01395-0
4. [4] Post J. C., Hiller N. L., Nistico L., Stoodley P. and Ehrlich G. D. The role of biofilms in otolaryngologic infections: update 2007. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 2007, 15: 347-351. DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3282b97327
5. [5] Ramage G., VandeWalle K., Wickes B. L. and López–Ribot J. L. Characteristics of biofilm formation by Candida albicans. Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia, 2001, 18: 163-170.
6. [6] Andes D., Nett J., Oschel P., Albrecht R., Marchillo K. and Pitula A. Development and characterization of an in vivo central venous catheter Candida albicans biofilm model. Infection and Immunity, 2004, 72: 6023-6031. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72.10.6023–6031.2004
7. [7] Rodrigues L. R., Banat I. M., van der Mei H. C., Teixeira J. A. and Oliveira R. Interference in adhesion of bacteria and yeasts isolated from explanted voice prostheses to silicone rubber by rhamnolipid biosurfactants. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2006, 100: 470-480. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02826.x
8. [8] Imamura Y., Chandra J., Mukherjee P. K., Lattif A. A., Szczotka-Flynn L. B., Pearlman E., Lass J. H., O’Donnell K. and Ghannoum M. A. Fusarium and Candida albicans biofilms on soft contact lenses: model development, influence of lens type, and susceptibility to lens care solutions. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2008, 52: 171-182. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00387-07

9. [9] Chatterjee S., Maiti P. K., Dey R., Kundu A. K. and Dey R. K. Biofilms on indwelling urologic devices: microbes and antimicrobial management prospect. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2014, 4: 100-104. DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.126612
10. [10] Jones H. C., Roth I. L. and Sanders W. M. Electron microscopic study of a slime layer. Journal of Bacteriology, 1969, 99: 316-325.
11. [11] Marsh P. D. Dental plaque, Microbial biofilms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
12. [12] Rather P. N. Swarmer cell differentiation in proteus mirabilis. Environmental Microbiology, 2005, 7: 1065-1073. DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00806.x
13. [13] Altun H. U. and Sener B. Biofilm infections and antimicrobial resistance. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi, 2008, 39: 82-88.
14. [14] Potera C. Microbiology: Forging a link between biofilms and disease. Science, 1999, 283: 1837-1839. DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5409.1837
15. [15] Lindsay D. and von Holy A. Bacterial biofilms within the clinical setting: what healthcare professionals should know. Journal of Hospital Infection, 2006, 64: 313-325. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.06.028
16. [16] Kumamoto C. A. Candida biofilms. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2002, 5: 608-611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00371-5
17. [17] Coenye T., De Prijck K., Nailis H. and Nelis H. J. Prevention of Candida albicans biofilm formation. The Open Mycology Journal, 2011, 5: 9-20. DOI: 10.2174/1874437001105010009
18. [18] Winn W. C., Allen S. D., Janda W. M., Koneman E. W., Procop G. W., Schreckenberger P. C. and Woods G. L. Mycology. Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA, 2006.
19. [19] Yucel A. and Kantarcioğlu A. S. Epidemiology of hospital acquired (nosocomial) fungal infections. Cerrahpaşa Journal of Medicine, 2001, 32: 259-269.
20. [20] Birinci A., Cihan C. C., Bilgin K., Acuner C. and Durupınar B. The investigation of slime production in Candida species. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi, 2005, 35: 163-166.
21. [21] Cannon R. D. and Chaffin W. L. Oral colonization by Candida albicans. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine. 1999, 10: 359-383. DOI: 10.1177/10454411990100030701
22. [22] Kavanagh K., Sullivan D., Moran G. and Coleman D. Fungal diseases of humans. Fungi: Biology and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2005.
23. [23] Hawser S. P. and Douglas L. J. Biofilm formation by Candida species on the surface of catheter materials in vitro. Infection and Immunity, 1994, 62: 915-921.
24. [24] Chandra J., Patel J. D., Li J., Zhou G., Mukherjee P. K., McCormick T. S., Anderson J. M. and Ghannoum M. A. Modification of surface properties of biomaterials influences the ability of Candida albicans to form biofilms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005, 71: 8795-8801. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.12.8795–8801.2005
25. [25] Jin Y., Samaranayake L. P., Samaranayake Y. and Yip H. K. Biofilm formation of Candida albicans is variably affected by saliva and dietary sugars. Archives of Oral Biology, 2004, 49: 789-798. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.04.011
26. [26] Krom B. P., Cohen, J. B., McElhaney Feser G. E. and Cihlar R. L. Optimized Candidal biofilm microtiter assay. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2007, 68: 421-423. DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.08.003
27. [27] Millsap K. W., Bos R., Busscher H. J. and Van der Mei H. C. Surface aggregation of Candida albicans on glass in the absence and presence of adhering Streptococcus gordoni in a parallel-plate flow chamber: a surface thermodynamical analysis based on acid-base interactions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1999, 212: 495-502. DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1998.6054
28. [28] Gallardo-Moreno A. M., González-Martín M. L., Pérez-Giraldo C., Bruque J. M. and Gómez-García A. C. The measurement temperature: an important factor relating physicochemical and adhesive properties of yeast cells to biomaterials. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2004, 271: 351-358. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.12.008
29. [29] Davey M. E. and O’toole G. A. Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2000, 64: 847-867. DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.64.4.847-867.2000
30. [30] Donlan R. M. Biofilms: microbial life on surface. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2002, 8: 881-890. DOI: 10.3201/eid0809.020063
31. [31] Chandra J., Kuhn D. M., Mukherjee P. K., Hoyer L. L., Mccormick T. and Ghannoum M. A. Biofilm formation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans: development, architecture, and drug resistance. Journal of Bacteriology, 2001, 183: 5385-5394. DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.18.5385-5394.2001
32. [32] Blankenship J. R. and Mitchell A. P. How to build a biofilm: a fungal perspective. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2006, 9: 588-594. DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.10.003
33. [33] ten Cate J. M., Klis F. M., Pereira-Cenci T., Crielaard W. and de Groot P. W. J. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to Candida biofilm formation. Journal of Dental Research, 2009, 88: 105-115. DOI: 10.1177/0022034508329273
34. [34] Darwazeh A. M. G., Lamey P. J., Samaranayake L. P., Macfarlane T. W., Fisher B. M., Macrury S. M. and Maccuish A. C. The relationship between colonisation, secretor status and in-vitro adhesion of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells from diabetics. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 1990, 33: 43-49. DOI: 10.1099/00222615-33-1-43
35. [35] Samaranayake Y. H., Wu P. C., Samaranayake L. P. and So M. Relationship between the cell surface hydrophobicity and adherence of Candida krusei and Candida albicans to epithelial and denture acrylic surfaces. Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica, 1995, 103: 707-713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1995.tb01427.x
36. [36] Seneviratne C. J., Jin L. and Samaranayake L. P. Biofilm lifestyle of Candida: a mini review. Oral Diseases, 2008, 14: 582-590. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01424.x
37. [37] Cousins B. G., Allison H. E., Doherty P. J., Edwards C., Garvey M. J., Martin D. S. and Williams R. L. Effects of a nanoparticulate silica substrate on cell attachment of Candida albicans. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007, 102: 757-765. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03124.x
38. [38] Erbil H. Y. Surface chemistry of solid and liquid interfaces. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2006.
39. [39] Vladkova T. G. Surface engineering of polymeric biomaterials. iSmithers Rapra Publishing, United Kingdom, 2013.
40. [40] Minagi S., Miyake Y., Inagaki K., Tsuru H. and Suginaka H. Hydrophobic interaction in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis adherence to various denture base resin materials. Infection and Immunity, 1985, 47: 11-14.
41. [41] Klotz S. A., Drutz D. J. and Zaric J. E. Factors governing adherence of Candida species to plastic surfaces. Infection and Immunity, 1985, 50: 97-101.
42. [42] Nikawa H., Chen, J., Hamada T., Nishumura M. and Polyzois G. Candida albicans colonization on thermal cycled maxillofacial polymeric materials in vitro. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2001, 28: 526-533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00685.x
43. [43] Park S. E., Periathamby A. R. and Loza J. C. Effect of surface-charged poly(methyl methacrylate) on the adhesion of Candida albicans. Journal of Prosthodontics, 2003, 12: 249-254. DOI: 10.1016/S1059-941X(03)00107-4
44. [44] Gallardo-Moreno A. M., Gonzales-Martin M. L., Bruque J. M. and Perez-Giraldo C. The adhesion strength of Candida parapsilosis to glass and silicone as a function of hydrophobicity, roughness and cell morphology. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2004, 249: 99-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.08.058
45. [45] Yıldırım M. S., Hasanresioglu U., Hasırcı N. and Sultan N. Adherence of Candida albicans to glow-discharge modified acrylic denture base polymers. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2005, 32: 518-525. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01454.x
46. [46] Zhou L., Tong Z., Wu G., Feng Z., Bai S., Dong Y., Ni L. and Zhao Y. Parylene coating hinders Candida albicans adhesion to silicone elastomers and denture bases resin. Archives of Oral Biology, 2010, 55: 401-409. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.03.013
47. [47] Singh N., Agrawal V., Pemmaraju S. C., Panwar R. and Pruthi V. Impact of infectious Candida albicans biofilm on biomaterials. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2011, 10: 417-422.
48. [48] Kang S. H., Lee H. J., Hong S. H., Kim K. H. and Kwon T. Y. Influence of surface characteristics on the adhesion of Candida albicans to various denture lining materials. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2013, 71: 241-248. DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.671360
49. [49] Atay A., Piskin B., Akin H., Sipahi C., Karakas A. and Saracli M. A. Evaluation of Candida albicans adherence on the surface of various maxillofacial silicone materials. Journal de Mycologie Médicale, 2013, 23: 27-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.12.005
50. [50] Koch C., Bürgers R. and Hahnel S. Candida albicans adherence and proliferation on the surface of denture base materials. Gerodontolojy, 2013, 30: 309-313. DOI: 10.1111/ger.12056
51. [51] Serrano-Granger C., Cerero-Lapiedra R. and Campo-Trapero J. In vitro study of the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic resins: relationship to surface energy. The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2005, 18: 392-398.
52. [52] Moura J. S., da Silva W. J., Pereira T., Del Bel Cury A. A. and Rodrigues Garcia R. C. Influence of acrylic resin polymerization methods and saliva on the adherence of four Candida species. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2006, 96: 205-211. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2006.07.004
53. [53] Pereira-Cenci T., Cury A. A., Cenci M. S. and Rodrigues-Garcia R. C. In vitro Candida colonization on acrylic resins and denture liners: influence of surface free energy, roughness, saliva, and adhering bacteria. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2007, 20: 308-310.
54. [54] Pan H., Wang G., Pan J., Ye G., Sun K., Zhang J. and Wang J. Cold plasma-induced surface modification of heat-polymerized acrylic resin and prevention of early adherence of Candida albicans. Dental Materials Journal, 2015, 34: 529-536. DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-035 JOI JST.JSTAGE/dmj/2015-035
55. [55] Radford D. R., Sweet S. P., Challocombe S. J. and Walter J. D. Adherance of Candida albicans to denture-base materials with different surface finishes. Journal of Dentistry, 1998, 26: 577-583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-5712(97)00034-1
56. [56] Yamauchi M., Yamamoto K., Wakabayashi M. and Kawano J. In vitro adherence of microorganisms to denture base resin with different surface texture. Dental Materials Journal, 1990, 9: 19-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.9.19
57. [57] Verran J., Lees G. and Shakespeare A. P. “The effect of surface roughness on the adhesion of Candida albicans to acrylic. Biofouling, 1991, 3: 183-191. DOI: 10.1080/08927019109378173
58. [58] Al Bakri I. A., Harty D., Al Omari W. M., Swain M. V., Chrzanowski W. and Ellakwa A. Surface characteristics and microbial adherence ability of modified polymethylmethacrylate by fluoridated glass fillers. Australian Dentral Journal, 2014, 59: 482-489. DOI: 10.1111/adj.12218
59. [59] Bollen C. M., Lambrechts P. and Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature. Dental Materials, 1997, 13: 258-269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(97)80038-3
60. [60] Morgan T. D. and Wilson M. The effects of surface roughness and type of denture acrylic on biofilm formation by Streptococcus Oralis in a constant depth film fermentor. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2001, 91: 47-53. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01338.x
61. [61] Zamperini C. A., Pa dos Santos Schiavinato P. C., Machado A. L., Giampaolo E. T., Pavarina A. C. and Vergani C. E. Effect of different periods of preconditioning with saliva on Candida albicans adhesion to a denture base resin bycrystal violet staining and XTT assay. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 2010, 1: 114-119. DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2010.00013.x
62. [62] Wilson M. and Harvey W. Prevention of bacterial adhesion to denture acrylic. Journal of Dentistry, 1989, 17:166-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-5712(89)90069-9
63. [63] Nikawa H., Jin C., Hamada T. and Murata H. Interactions between thermal cycled resilient denture lining materials, salivary and serum pellicles and Candida albicans in vitro. Part I. Effects on fungal growth. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2000, 27: 41-51.
64. [64] Samaranayake L. P., McCourtie J. and MacFarlane T. W. Factors affecting the in vitro adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic surfaces. Archives of Oral Biology, 1980, 25: 611-615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(80)90076-X
65. [65] Karaagaclioglu L., Can G., Yilmaz B., Ayhan N., Semiz O. and Levent H. The adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic resin reinforced with different fibers. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2008, 19: 959-963. DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3177-4