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Pirina Yağının Fuzel Yağı ile Esterleştirilmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 136 - 143, 16.08.2018

Abstract







Pirina
yağı, Türkiye’de zeytinden zeytinyağı üretimi sonrasında
elde edilen atık yağ niteliğinde kıymet gören bir yan üründür.
Fuzel yağı, şeker pancarından şeker üretimi sırasında arta
kalan melasdan alkol üretimi esnasında ortaya çıkan atık alkol
karışımıdır. Biyodizel, yağ asitlerinin alkol ve katalizör ile
motorlar için uygun hale getirildiği bitkisel kaynaklı yakıttır.
Bu çalışma ise Türkiye’de var olan iki atık kullanılarak
biyodizel üretilebilirliğinin araştırılmasına yöneliktir. Bu
çalışmada biyodizel üretimi için transesterifikasyon yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Fuzel yağı damıtılarak bünyesindeki su
uzaklaştırılmış ve biyodizel üretiminde alkol hammaddesi olarak
kullanılmıştır. Pirina yağı yüksek serbest yağ asidi (SYA)
içerdiği için iki aşamalı bir biyodizel üretim yöntemi
kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir. İlk aşamada; pirina yağının
SYA miktarının düşürülmesi için, pirina yağı kütlece
değişik oranlarda sülfürik asit (H
2SO4)
ile farklı sıcaklıklarda ve farklı sürelerde reaksiyona maruz
bırakılmıştır. Daha sonra kütlece farklı oranlarda sodyum
hidroksit (NaOH) katalizörü kullanılarak pirina yağının
biyodizele dönüşüm verimi incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma
sonucunda 65
oC
sıcaklıkta 10:1 mol fuzel yağı/pirina yağı oranında % 1 NaOH
katalizörü ile biyodizel dönüşüm veriminin en yüksek değere
tekâmül eden %78 verim ile dönüştürüldüğü tespit
edilmiştir.




References

  • [1] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2009. Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide, NREL/TP-540-43672.
  • [2] F. R. Ma and M. A. Hanna, “Biodiesel production: a review”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 1999.
  • [3] V. J. Gerpen, B. Shanks, R. Pruszko, D. Clements and G. Knothe, “Biodiesel Production Technology”, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/SR-510-36244, 2004.
  • [4] M. Çanakçı, “Production of biodiesel from feedstocks with high free fatty acids and its effect of on diesel engine performance and emissions”, Doctor Of Philosophy, Iowa State University, USA, 2001.
  • [5] M. Gürü, A. Koca, C. Özer, C. Çınar, and F. Şahin, “Biodiesel Production From Waste Chicken Fat Based Sources And Evaluation With Mg Based Additive İn a Diesel Engine”, Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 637-643, september 2014.
  • [6] İnternet: Resmi Gazete, Motorin türlerinin biodizel ile harmanlanması hakkında tebliğ, (www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/06/20170616-8.html), Erişim Tarihi: 18.07.2018.
  • [7] A. Aktaş and S. Özer, “Biodiesel production from leftover olive cake”, Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 89-96, October 2012.
  • [8] S. Çaynak, M. Gürü, A. Biçer, A. Keskin and Y. İçingür, “Biodiesel production from pomace oil and improvement of its properties with synthetic manganese additive”, Fuel, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 534-538, 2009.
  • [9] Y. Yücel, “Biodiesel production from pomace oil by using lipase immobilized onto olive pomace”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 3977–3980, 2009.
  • [10] A. S. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj and C. Muraleedharan, “Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil”, Fuel, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 335–340. November 2005.
  • [11] M. Çanakçı and J. V. Gerpen, “A Pilot Plant To Produce Biodiesel From High Free Fatty Acid Feedstocks”, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 945–954, June 2001.
  • [12] S. G. Bojan, S. Chelladurai and S. K. Durairaj, “Batch Type Synthesis Of High Free Fatty Acid Jatropha Curcus Oil Biodiesel- India As Supplying Country”, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 73-78, marc 2001.
  • [13] Y. İçingür and A. Calam, “Fuzel yağı benzin karışımlarının buji ile ateşlemeli bir motorda performans ve emisyonlara etkisi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 143-149, 20011.
  • [14] A. Güvenç, Ö. Aydoğan, N., Kapucu, and Ü. Mehmetoğlu, “Fuzel yağından izoamil asetat üretimi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 801-808, 2007.
  • [15] A. Guvenc, N. Kapucu, H., Kapucu, O. Aydogan, and U. Mehmetoglu, “Enzymatic esterification of isoamyl alcohol obtained from fusel oil: Optimization by response surface methodology”, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol. 40, pp. 778-785, 2007.
  • [16] A. G. Patil, S. M. Koolwal and H. D. Butala, “Fusel oil: composition, removal, and potential utilization”, International Sugar Journal , vol. 104, no. 1238, pp. 51– 58, 2002
  • [17] İnternet: Türkiye Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsü, https://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/izmirzae, İnternet Erişimi: 18.07.2018
  • [18] R. Tunalıoğlu, “Pirina Yağı”, Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 43-55, 2004.
  • [19] S. I. Panneerselvam and L. R., Miranda, “Biodiesel Production From Mutton Tallow”, First Conference on Clean Energy and Technology, USA, November 10-12, 2004, Springer, 2004, pp. 83-86.
  • [20] A. Keskin, M. Gürü and D. Altıparmak, “Biodiesel production from tall oil with synthesized Mn and Ni based additives: Effects of the additives on fuel consumption and emissions”, Fuel, vol. 86, no. 7-8, pp. 1139-1143, 2007.
  • [21] M. Çanakçı and O. Çildir, “Çeşitli Bitkisel yağlardan biyodizel üretiminde katalizör ve alkol miktarının yakıt özellikleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 367-372, 2006
  • [22] M. C. Math, S. P. Kumar and V. Soma, “Optimization of biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1129- 1135, 2010.
  • [23] A. Keskin, M. Gürü, D, Altıparmak and K. Aydın, “Using of cotton oil soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel”, Renewable Energy, vol. 33 no. 4, pp. 553-557, 2010.
  • [24] A. S. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj and C. Muraleedharan “Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil”. Fuel, vol. 40, no. 84, pp. 335–340, 2005.
  • [25] A. Hayyan, Z. Alam E.S. Mohamed A. K. Hakimi, M. S.Yosri and T., Shawaluddin, “Reduction of high content of free fatty acid in sludge palm oil via acid catalyst for biodiesel production”, Fuel Processing Techonogy, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 920-924, 2011.
  • [26] J. M. Encinar, N. Sánchez, G. Martínez, and L. García, ”Study of biodiesel production from animal fats with high free fatty acid content”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 23, pp. 10907–10914, 2011.
  • [27] OPET, “Dizel YakıtınınFiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri”, opet.com.tr, www.opet.com.tr/Files/PDF/urun/Motorin_Spec.pdf)[İnternet Erişimi: 18.07.2018].
  • [28] H. Parichart, T. Vichuta, Y. Sukanda and Usarat T., “The potential of restaurant trap grease as biodiesel feedstock”, Songklanakarin Journal of Science Technology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 525-530, 2011
  • [29] H. Öğüt and H. Oğuz, Biyodizel Üçüncü Milenyum Yakıtı, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2006.
  • [30] M. Acaroğlu, Alternatif Enerji Kaynakları, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2007.
  • [31] B. Beşergil, Yakıtlar Yağlar, Gazi Kitapevi, Ankara, 2014.
  • [32] O. A. Avcıoğlu, U.Türker, D. Z. Atasoy and D. Koçtürk, Tarımsal Kökenli Yenilenebilir Enerjiler: Biyoyakıtlar, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2011.
  • [33] M. Acaroğlu, M. Ünaldı and H. Aydoğan, Yakıtlar ve Yanma. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2010.

Use Of Fusel Oil As Alcohol In The Production Of Biodiesel From Raw Crude Oil

Year 2018, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 136 - 143, 16.08.2018

Abstract

Pomace oil is a valuable byproduct as waste oil that obtained from olive oil after the production of olive oil, in Turkey. Fusel oil is a waste alcohol mixture that occurs during the proction of molassess left over during the production of sugar from sugar beet. Biodiesel is plant-derived fuel, obtained from fatty acids that is adapted for engines with the help of alcohol and catalyst. The objective of this study was to investigate the producibility of bio-diesel using two waste exist in Turkey. In this study, transesterification method is used for production of bio-diesel. The water inside of fusel oil was removed by distillation and used as alcohol stuff in biodiesel production. As pomace oil contains a high free fatty acid (FFA), a two-stage biodiesel production method is determined. First, to reduce the amount of FFA inside of pomace oil, in various proportions it is exposed to sulfuric acid treatment at different temperatures and reaction for different durations. Pomace oil with reduced amount of FFA, then, biodiesel conversion efficiency was investigated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst in different ratios by weight. As a result of the study, at 65 oC, at rate of 10:1 mol fusel oil/pomace oil, with % 1 NaOH catalyst, % 78 biodiesel conversion efficiency was discovered.  

 

References

  • [1] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2009. Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide, NREL/TP-540-43672.
  • [2] F. R. Ma and M. A. Hanna, “Biodiesel production: a review”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 1999.
  • [3] V. J. Gerpen, B. Shanks, R. Pruszko, D. Clements and G. Knothe, “Biodiesel Production Technology”, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/SR-510-36244, 2004.
  • [4] M. Çanakçı, “Production of biodiesel from feedstocks with high free fatty acids and its effect of on diesel engine performance and emissions”, Doctor Of Philosophy, Iowa State University, USA, 2001.
  • [5] M. Gürü, A. Koca, C. Özer, C. Çınar, and F. Şahin, “Biodiesel Production From Waste Chicken Fat Based Sources And Evaluation With Mg Based Additive İn a Diesel Engine”, Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 637-643, september 2014.
  • [6] İnternet: Resmi Gazete, Motorin türlerinin biodizel ile harmanlanması hakkında tebliğ, (www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/06/20170616-8.html), Erişim Tarihi: 18.07.2018.
  • [7] A. Aktaş and S. Özer, “Biodiesel production from leftover olive cake”, Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 89-96, October 2012.
  • [8] S. Çaynak, M. Gürü, A. Biçer, A. Keskin and Y. İçingür, “Biodiesel production from pomace oil and improvement of its properties with synthetic manganese additive”, Fuel, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 534-538, 2009.
  • [9] Y. Yücel, “Biodiesel production from pomace oil by using lipase immobilized onto olive pomace”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 3977–3980, 2009.
  • [10] A. S. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj and C. Muraleedharan, “Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil”, Fuel, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 335–340. November 2005.
  • [11] M. Çanakçı and J. V. Gerpen, “A Pilot Plant To Produce Biodiesel From High Free Fatty Acid Feedstocks”, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 945–954, June 2001.
  • [12] S. G. Bojan, S. Chelladurai and S. K. Durairaj, “Batch Type Synthesis Of High Free Fatty Acid Jatropha Curcus Oil Biodiesel- India As Supplying Country”, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 73-78, marc 2001.
  • [13] Y. İçingür and A. Calam, “Fuzel yağı benzin karışımlarının buji ile ateşlemeli bir motorda performans ve emisyonlara etkisi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 143-149, 20011.
  • [14] A. Güvenç, Ö. Aydoğan, N., Kapucu, and Ü. Mehmetoğlu, “Fuzel yağından izoamil asetat üretimi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 801-808, 2007.
  • [15] A. Guvenc, N. Kapucu, H., Kapucu, O. Aydogan, and U. Mehmetoglu, “Enzymatic esterification of isoamyl alcohol obtained from fusel oil: Optimization by response surface methodology”, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol. 40, pp. 778-785, 2007.
  • [16] A. G. Patil, S. M. Koolwal and H. D. Butala, “Fusel oil: composition, removal, and potential utilization”, International Sugar Journal , vol. 104, no. 1238, pp. 51– 58, 2002
  • [17] İnternet: Türkiye Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsü, https://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/izmirzae, İnternet Erişimi: 18.07.2018
  • [18] R. Tunalıoğlu, “Pirina Yağı”, Tarımsal Ekonomi Araştırma Enstitüsü, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 43-55, 2004.
  • [19] S. I. Panneerselvam and L. R., Miranda, “Biodiesel Production From Mutton Tallow”, First Conference on Clean Energy and Technology, USA, November 10-12, 2004, Springer, 2004, pp. 83-86.
  • [20] A. Keskin, M. Gürü and D. Altıparmak, “Biodiesel production from tall oil with synthesized Mn and Ni based additives: Effects of the additives on fuel consumption and emissions”, Fuel, vol. 86, no. 7-8, pp. 1139-1143, 2007.
  • [21] M. Çanakçı and O. Çildir, “Çeşitli Bitkisel yağlardan biyodizel üretiminde katalizör ve alkol miktarının yakıt özellikleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 367-372, 2006
  • [22] M. C. Math, S. P. Kumar and V. Soma, “Optimization of biodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1129- 1135, 2010.
  • [23] A. Keskin, M. Gürü, D, Altıparmak and K. Aydın, “Using of cotton oil soapstock biodiesel–diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel”, Renewable Energy, vol. 33 no. 4, pp. 553-557, 2010.
  • [24] A. S. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj and C. Muraleedharan “Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil”. Fuel, vol. 40, no. 84, pp. 335–340, 2005.
  • [25] A. Hayyan, Z. Alam E.S. Mohamed A. K. Hakimi, M. S.Yosri and T., Shawaluddin, “Reduction of high content of free fatty acid in sludge palm oil via acid catalyst for biodiesel production”, Fuel Processing Techonogy, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 920-924, 2011.
  • [26] J. M. Encinar, N. Sánchez, G. Martínez, and L. García, ”Study of biodiesel production from animal fats with high free fatty acid content”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 23, pp. 10907–10914, 2011.
  • [27] OPET, “Dizel YakıtınınFiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri”, opet.com.tr, www.opet.com.tr/Files/PDF/urun/Motorin_Spec.pdf)[İnternet Erişimi: 18.07.2018].
  • [28] H. Parichart, T. Vichuta, Y. Sukanda and Usarat T., “The potential of restaurant trap grease as biodiesel feedstock”, Songklanakarin Journal of Science Technology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 525-530, 2011
  • [29] H. Öğüt and H. Oğuz, Biyodizel Üçüncü Milenyum Yakıtı, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2006.
  • [30] M. Acaroğlu, Alternatif Enerji Kaynakları, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2007.
  • [31] B. Beşergil, Yakıtlar Yağlar, Gazi Kitapevi, Ankara, 2014.
  • [32] O. A. Avcıoğlu, U.Türker, D. Z. Atasoy and D. Koçtürk, Tarımsal Kökenli Yenilenebilir Enerjiler: Biyoyakıtlar, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2011.
  • [33] M. Acaroğlu, M. Ünaldı and H. Aydoğan, Yakıtlar ve Yanma. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2010.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Salih Özer 0000-0002-6968-8734

Publication Date August 16, 2018
Submission Date May 2, 2018
Acceptance Date August 6, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE S. Özer, “Pirina Yağının Fuzel Yağı ile Esterleştirilmesi”, GJES, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 136–143, 2018.

Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences (GJES) publishes open access articles under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). 1366_2000-copia-2.jpg