Yeni Bir Kent İçi Ulaşım Türü: E-scooter

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 60 - 73, 30.04.2022

Hazal Güldür Fatih Karaçor Seda Hatipoğlu Kürşat Çubuk

Öz

Mikromobilite olarak sınıflandırılan paylaşımlı bisiklet ve scooter sistemleri, son yıllarda, alternatif bir kent içi ulaşım sistemi olarak gündeme gelmiştir. E-scooter sistemi, sağladığı esneklik ve kolay kullanımı sebebiyle kısa sürede dünyada oldukça fazla kullanılan bir ulaşım türü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dünya literatüründeki e-scooter kullanımı; demografi, yolculuk süresi, yolculuk mesafesi, yolculuk amacı, güvenlik sorunları, çevresel etkileri, yasal düzenleme ve uygulamaları başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Kullanıcı yaş aralığının 16-60 yaş aralığında dağılım gösterdiği, genelde kısa mesafeli (~2km) ve kısa süreli (<11dk) yolculuklarda kullanıldıkları ve yeni bir ulaşım türü olarak mod değişimine sebep oldukları elde edilen en önemli bulgulardır. Güvenlik açısından, kazaların yarısından fazlasının kullanıcı kaynaklı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Çevresel anlamda e-scooterlar çevre dostu olarak değerlendiriliyor olsa da, araç ömürlerinin kısa olması, en büyük emisyon kaynağının malzeme ve üretim olduğu göz önüne alındığında, bu etkiyi azaltmaktadır. E-scooterların eğlence ve boş zaman aktivitesi olmaktan çıkarılıp bir ulaşım modu olarak kentsel hareketlilik planlarında yer alması için sistemin yasal zemininin oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada dünyada ve Türkiye’de yapılmış e-scooter çalışmalarından ve uygulamalarından elde edilen veriler ile bir kent içi ulaşım türü olarak e-scooterın değerlendirilmesi ve incelenmesi yapılmış ve uygulama ve denetim için öneriler sunulmuştur. Dünya kentlerindeki, ilgili yasal düzenlemeler incelenerek Türkiye’de kentlerin alt yapısına göre farklı düzenlemeler getirilmesi önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikromobilite, Paylaşımlı e-scooter, Sürdürülebilir Kenstel Ulaşım

A New Type of Urban Transportation: E-scooter

Öz

Micromobility devices such as shared bicycle and scooter systems, have come to the fore as an alternative urban transportation system in recent years. The e-scooter system emerges as a type of transportation that is widely used in the world in a short time due to the flexibility and ease of use it provides. The use of e-scooters in the world literature is investigated in terms of; demography, travel time, journey distance, purpose of travel, safety problems, environmental effects, legal regulations and applications. The most important findings are that the user age range is between 16-60 years, they are generally used in short distance (~2km) and short-term (<11min) journeys, and they cause a mode change as a new type of transportation. In terms of safety, it has been observed that more than half of the accidents are caused by the user. Although e-scooters are considered environmentally, the short vehicle lifespan reduces this effect, given that the biggest emission source is materials and production. In order for e-scooters to be included in urban mobility plans as a mode of transportation rather than being an entertainment and leisure activity, the legal basis of the system should be established. In this study, the evaluation and examination of the e-scooter as a type of urban transportation was made with the data obtained from e-scooter studies and applications in the world and in Turkey, and suggestions for implementation and supervision were presented. By examining the relevant legal regulations in the cities of the world, it has been suggested to introduce different regulations according to the infrastructure of the cities in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Micromobility, Shared e-scooter, Sustainable Urban Transport

Kaynakça

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