Bagging-MLP yöntemiyle troposferik ozon konsantrasyonunun tahmini

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 557 - 573, 01.01.2024

Pınar Cihan , H. Kurtuluş Özcan , Atakan Öngen

Abstract

İnsan faaliyetleri atmosfer kirliliği ile bağlantılıdır ve ekonomik gelişmelerden etkilenir. Yer seviyesindeki ozon birçok ülke için önemli ve zararlı bir kirletici haline gelmiş olup halk sağlığını olumsuz etkiler. Yerinde yapılan ölçümlerin sınırlı sayıda olmasından dolayı, ozon konsantrasyonlarını doğru bir şekilde tahmin etmek için alternatif yöntemlere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmada, Avrupa'da on ülkede 2008-2018 yıllarını kapsayan CO2, N2O, CO, NOx, SOx ve O3 yıllık ortalama konsantrasyonlarını içeren bir veritabanı oluşturuldu. Bu değişkenleri kullanarak O3 konsantrasyonunu tahmin etmek için on farklı yapay zeka regresyon yöntemi geliştirildi. Geliştirilen yapay zeka modellerinin tahmin performansı, determinasyon katsayısı, ortalama mutlak hata, kök ortalama karesel hata ve göreceli mutlak hata ölçütleri kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı. Deneysel sonuçlar, Bagging-MLP yönteminin diğer modellere göre ozon konsantrasyonu tahmininde daha iyi bir performansa sahip olduğunu, R2 değeri 0.9994, ortalama mutlak hata 24.67, kök ortalama karesel hata 33.85 ve göreceli mutlak hata ise %2.9 olarak ortaya koydu. Bu çalışma, yapay zeka yöntemlerinden olan Bagging-MLP yöntemi kullanılarak O3 konsantrasyonunun gerçek değere oldukça yakın bir şekilde tahmin edilebileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Yapay zeka, torbalama yöntemi, çok katmanlı algılayıcı, kentsel çevre, ozon

Prediction of tropospheric ozone concentration with Bagging-MLP method

Abstract

Human activities are linked to atmospheric pollution and are affected by economic development. Ground-level ozone has become an important and harmful pollutant for many countries, adversely affecting public health. As there is a limited number of on-site measurements, alternative methods are required to accurately estimate ozone concentrations. In this study, a database containing annual average concentrations of CO2, N2O, CO, NOx, SOx, and O3, covering the years 2008-2018 for ten countries in Europe, was created. Ten different artificial intelligence regression methods were developed to predict the O3 concentration using these variables. The predictive performance of the developed artificial intelligence models was compared using the coefficient of determination, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and relative absolute error criteria. Experimental results show that the Bagging-MLP method has a better prediction performance than other models in ozone concentration estimation, with an R2 value of 0.9994, mean absolute error of 24.67, root mean square error of 33.85, and relative absolute error of 2.9%. This study shows that the O3 concentration can be estimated very close to the actual value by using the Bagging-MLP method, one of the artificial intelligence methods.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence; bagging; multilayer perceptron; urban environment; ozone

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