Araştırma Makalesi
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Yetişkinlerde Yaygın Anksiyetenin Yordayıcıları Olarak Bağlanma Stilleri ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 1148 - 1168, 30.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.1443772

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve bağlanma stilleri ile yaygın anksiyete arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu değişkenlerin yaygın anksiyete için yordayıcılığını incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 18 yaş üstü 938 kişiden (634 kadın, 304 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Veri analizinde değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkisi Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı ile; yordayıcılık Adımsal Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi ile incelenmiştir. Korelasyon analizi sonuçları yaygın anksiyete, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve güvensiz bağlanma stilleri (kaygılı ve kaçıngan bağlanma) arasında pozitif korelasyon, güvenli bağlanma stili ile ise negatif korelasyon olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Yordayıcı analiz sonuçları hem belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün hem de bağlanma stillerinin yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunun önemli yordayıcıları olduğunu göstermektedir. Büyük bir çalışma grubundan elde edilen bu veriler, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve bağlanma stillerinin yaygın anksiyete bozukluğuyla ilişkili önemli değişkenler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V) (Fifth Edition). AmericanPsychiatric Association.
  • Bar-Haim, Y., Dan, O., Eshel, Y., & Sagi-Schwartz, A. (2007). Predicting children's anxiety from early attachment relationships. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(8), 1061-1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.10.013
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Volume III: Loss, sadness and depression. In Attachment and Loss: Volume III: Loss, Sadness and Depression (pp. 1-462): London: The Hogarth press and the institute of psycho-analysis.
  • Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931-945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4
  • Çaplı, B., & Taş, O. (2010). Kriz haberciliği [Crisis journalism.] . B. Çaplı & H. Tuncel (Eds.). Televizyon haberciliğinde etik [Ethics in television journalism] (pp.237-251). Fersa Matbaacılık.
  • Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K. C., & Asmundson, G. J. (2010). “It's not just the judgements—It's that I don’t know”: Intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(2), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.10.007
  • Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of anxiety disorders, 21(1), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014
  • Clark, G. I., Rock, A. J., Clark, L. H., & Murray‐Lyon, K. (2020). Adult attachment, worry and reassurance seeking: Investigating the role of intolerance of uncertainty. Clinical Psychologist, 24(3), 294-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12218
  • Dadashzadeh, H., Musazadeh, T., Yusefi, M. E., & Amiri, S. (2018). Attachment styles of patients with major depressive, obsessive-compulsive, and generalized anxiety disorders. Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine, 6(1), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.15171/jarcm.2018.006
  • Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(5), 551-558. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553414688
  • Eng, W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2006). Interpersonal correlates of generalized anxiety disorder: Self versus other perception. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(3), 380-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.02.005
  • Erkuş, A. (2011). Davranış bilimleri için bilimsel araştırma süreci [Scientific research process for behavioral sciences]. Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: SAGE Publications
  • Fracalanza, K., Koerner, N., Deschênes, S. S., & Dugas, M. J. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relation between generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and anger. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 43(2), 122-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2014.888754
  • Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1948). Tolerance toward ambiguity as a personality variable. American Psychologist, 3(268), 385-401.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. 7th Edition, Pearson Education: Upper Saddle River.
  • Hale III, W. W., Engels, R., & Meeus, W. (2006). Adolescent's perceptions of parenting behaviours and its relationship to adolescent Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms. Journal of Adolescence, 29(3), 407-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.002
  • Hoehn-Saric, R., & McLeod, D. R. (2000). Anxiety and arousal: physiological changes and their perception. Journal of affective disorders, 61(3), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00339-6
  • Hoffman, D. L., Dukes, E. M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2008). Human and economic burden of generalized anxiety disorder. Depression and anxiety, 25(1), 72-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20257
  • Holaway, R. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Coles, M. E. (2006). A comparison of intolerance of uncertainty in analogue obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(2), 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.01.002
  • Kandemir, M., & İlhan, T. (2017). Kişilerarası ilişkilerde bağlanma stilleri ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [A scale of attachment styles in interpersonal relationships: A study of validity and reliability]. Avrasya Pozitif Psikoloji Kongresi, 174-175.
  • Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method.]. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
  • Koerner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder: The role of intolerance of uncertainty: West Sussex, England: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713143.ch12
  • Köklü, N., Büyüköztürk, Ş., & Çokluk Bökeoğlu, Ö. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için istatistik (Statistics for social sciences). Pegem yayıncılık.
  • Konkan, R., Şenormanci, Ö., Güçlü, O., Aydin, E., & Sungur, M. Z. (2013). Yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) testi Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirliği [Generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) test Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability]. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Noropsikiatri Arsivi, 50(1), 53-58, https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6308..
  • Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000). Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: A study of a theoretical model of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(9), 933-941. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00133-3
  • Marganska, A., Gallagher, M., & Miranda, R. (2013). Adult attachment, emotion dysregulation, and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajop.12001
  • Munir, S., & Takov, V. (2021). Generalized Anxiety Disorder: StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/28722900.
  • Ouellet, C., Langlois, F., Provencher, M., & Gosselin, P. (2019). Intolerance of uncertainty and difficulties in emotion regulation: Proposal for an integrative model of generalized anxiety disorder. European Review of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2019.01.001
  • Ruscio, A. M., Hallion, L. S., Lim, C. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., ... & Scott, K. M. (2017). Cross-sectional comparison of the epidemiology of DSM-5 generalized anxiety disorder across the globe. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(5), 465-475.
  • Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A., & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS-12) Turkish form: A study of validity and reliability]. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148-157. https://doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.109
  • Scovel, T. (1991). The effect of affect on foreign language learning: A review of the anxiety research. Horwitz, D. J. Young, Edt.; Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Sibrava, N. J., & Borkovec, T. (2006). The cognitive avoidance theory of worry: West Sussex, England: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713143.ch14
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
  • Stanley Budner, N. Y. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable1. Journal of personality, 30(1), 29-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1962.tb02303.x
  • Steketee, G., Frost, R. O., & Cohen, I. (1998). Beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, 12(6), 525-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00030-9
  • Sternheim, L., Startup, H., & Schmidt, U. (2011). An experimental exploration of behavioral and cognitive–emotional aspects of intolerance of uncertainty in eating disorder patients. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(6), 806-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.020
  • Vasey, M. W., & Dadds, M. R. E. (2001). The developmental psychopathology of anxiety, pp. 435-458. New YorK: Oxford University Press. In. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195123630.001.0001
  • Wright, C. J., Clark, G. I., Rock, A. J., & Coventry, W. L. (2017). Intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relationship between adult attachment and worry. Personality and İndividual Differences, 112, 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.039
  • Yavuzer, H. (1994). Ana-baba ve çocuk[Parent and child.]. Remzi kitabevi.
  • Yook, K., Kim, K.-H., Suh, S. Y., & Lee, K. S. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and rumination in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(6), 623-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.003
  • Yüksel, B. (2014). Kaygı belirtilerini açıklamada bağlanma, pozitif ve negatif duygu düzenleme ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük arasındaki ilişkiyi bütünleyici model arayışı [Attachment, positive and negative emotion regulation, and intolerance of uncertainty in anxiety: searching for an integrative model]. [Yüksek lisans tezi [Master's Thesis]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.

Attachment Styles and Intolerance of Uncertainty as Predictors of Generalized Anxiety in Adults

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 1148 - 1168, 30.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.1443772

Öz

This study aims to examine the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and attachment styles and generalized anxiety and the predictive status of these variables for generalized anxiety. The research study group consists of 938 people (634 women, 304 men) over the age of 18. In the data analysis, the relationship of the variables with each other was examined with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient; predictive status was examined by Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that there is a positive correlation between generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and insecure attachment styles (anxious and avoidant attachment) and a negative correlation with secure attachment style. The predictive analysis results show that both intolerance of uncertainty and attachment styles are significant predictors of generalized anxiety disorder. These data obtained from a large study group reveal that intolerance of uncertainty and attachment styles are important variables associated with generalized anxiety disorder.

Kaynakça

  • APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V) (Fifth Edition). AmericanPsychiatric Association.
  • Bar-Haim, Y., Dan, O., Eshel, Y., & Sagi-Schwartz, A. (2007). Predicting children's anxiety from early attachment relationships. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(8), 1061-1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.10.013
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Volume III: Loss, sadness and depression. In Attachment and Loss: Volume III: Loss, Sadness and Depression (pp. 1-462): London: The Hogarth press and the institute of psycho-analysis.
  • Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931-945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4
  • Çaplı, B., & Taş, O. (2010). Kriz haberciliği [Crisis journalism.] . B. Çaplı & H. Tuncel (Eds.). Televizyon haberciliğinde etik [Ethics in television journalism] (pp.237-251). Fersa Matbaacılık.
  • Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K. C., & Asmundson, G. J. (2010). “It's not just the judgements—It's that I don’t know”: Intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(2), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.10.007
  • Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of anxiety disorders, 21(1), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014
  • Clark, G. I., Rock, A. J., Clark, L. H., & Murray‐Lyon, K. (2020). Adult attachment, worry and reassurance seeking: Investigating the role of intolerance of uncertainty. Clinical Psychologist, 24(3), 294-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12218
  • Dadashzadeh, H., Musazadeh, T., Yusefi, M. E., & Amiri, S. (2018). Attachment styles of patients with major depressive, obsessive-compulsive, and generalized anxiety disorders. Journal of Research in Clinical Medicine, 6(1), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.15171/jarcm.2018.006
  • Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(5), 551-558. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553414688
  • Eng, W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2006). Interpersonal correlates of generalized anxiety disorder: Self versus other perception. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(3), 380-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.02.005
  • Erkuş, A. (2011). Davranış bilimleri için bilimsel araştırma süreci [Scientific research process for behavioral sciences]. Seçkin Yayınevi.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: SAGE Publications
  • Fracalanza, K., Koerner, N., Deschênes, S. S., & Dugas, M. J. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relation between generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and anger. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 43(2), 122-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2014.888754
  • Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1948). Tolerance toward ambiguity as a personality variable. American Psychologist, 3(268), 385-401.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. 7th Edition, Pearson Education: Upper Saddle River.
  • Hale III, W. W., Engels, R., & Meeus, W. (2006). Adolescent's perceptions of parenting behaviours and its relationship to adolescent Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms. Journal of Adolescence, 29(3), 407-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.002
  • Hoehn-Saric, R., & McLeod, D. R. (2000). Anxiety and arousal: physiological changes and their perception. Journal of affective disorders, 61(3), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00339-6
  • Hoffman, D. L., Dukes, E. M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2008). Human and economic burden of generalized anxiety disorder. Depression and anxiety, 25(1), 72-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20257
  • Holaway, R. M., Heimberg, R. G., & Coles, M. E. (2006). A comparison of intolerance of uncertainty in analogue obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(2), 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.01.002
  • Kandemir, M., & İlhan, T. (2017). Kişilerarası ilişkilerde bağlanma stilleri ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [A scale of attachment styles in interpersonal relationships: A study of validity and reliability]. Avrasya Pozitif Psikoloji Kongresi, 174-175.
  • Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method.]. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
  • Koerner, N., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder: The role of intolerance of uncertainty: West Sussex, England: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713143.ch12
  • Köklü, N., Büyüköztürk, Ş., & Çokluk Bökeoğlu, Ö. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için istatistik (Statistics for social sciences). Pegem yayıncılık.
  • Konkan, R., Şenormanci, Ö., Güçlü, O., Aydin, E., & Sungur, M. Z. (2013). Yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) testi Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirliği [Generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) test Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability]. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Noropsikiatri Arsivi, 50(1), 53-58, https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6308..
  • Ladouceur, R., Gosselin, P., & Dugas, M. J. (2000). Experimental manipulation of intolerance of uncertainty: A study of a theoretical model of worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(9), 933-941. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00133-3
  • Marganska, A., Gallagher, M., & Miranda, R. (2013). Adult attachment, emotion dysregulation, and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajop.12001
  • Munir, S., & Takov, V. (2021). Generalized Anxiety Disorder: StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL), http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/28722900.
  • Ouellet, C., Langlois, F., Provencher, M., & Gosselin, P. (2019). Intolerance of uncertainty and difficulties in emotion regulation: Proposal for an integrative model of generalized anxiety disorder. European Review of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2019.01.001
  • Ruscio, A. M., Hallion, L. S., Lim, C. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., ... & Scott, K. M. (2017). Cross-sectional comparison of the epidemiology of DSM-5 generalized anxiety disorder across the globe. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(5), 465-475.
  • Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A., & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ölçeği (BTÖ-12) Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS-12) Turkish form: A study of validity and reliability]. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148-157. https://doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.109
  • Scovel, T. (1991). The effect of affect on foreign language learning: A review of the anxiety research. Horwitz, D. J. Young, Edt.; Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Sibrava, N. J., & Borkovec, T. (2006). The cognitive avoidance theory of worry: West Sussex, England: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713143.ch14
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
  • Stanley Budner, N. Y. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable1. Journal of personality, 30(1), 29-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1962.tb02303.x
  • Steketee, G., Frost, R. O., & Cohen, I. (1998). Beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, 12(6), 525-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00030-9
  • Sternheim, L., Startup, H., & Schmidt, U. (2011). An experimental exploration of behavioral and cognitive–emotional aspects of intolerance of uncertainty in eating disorder patients. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(6), 806-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.020
  • Vasey, M. W., & Dadds, M. R. E. (2001). The developmental psychopathology of anxiety, pp. 435-458. New YorK: Oxford University Press. In. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195123630.001.0001
  • Wright, C. J., Clark, G. I., Rock, A. J., & Coventry, W. L. (2017). Intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relationship between adult attachment and worry. Personality and İndividual Differences, 112, 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.039
  • Yavuzer, H. (1994). Ana-baba ve çocuk[Parent and child.]. Remzi kitabevi.
  • Yook, K., Kim, K.-H., Suh, S. Y., & Lee, K. S. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and rumination in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(6), 623-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.003
  • Yüksel, B. (2014). Kaygı belirtilerini açıklamada bağlanma, pozitif ve negatif duygu düzenleme ve belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük arasındaki ilişkiyi bütünleyici model arayışı [Attachment, positive and negative emotion regulation, and intolerance of uncertainty in anxiety: searching for an integrative model]. [Yüksek lisans tezi [Master's Thesis]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Binaz Bozkur 0000-0002-3821-7489

Özlem Gülgez 0000-0002-8523-875X

Mustafa Güler 0000-0003-2701-1220

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Kasım 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 22 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozkur, B., Gülgez, Ö., & Güler, M. (2024). Attachment Styles and Intolerance of Uncertainty as Predictors of Generalized Anxiety in Adults. International Journal of Turkish Education Sciences, 12(3), 1148-1168. https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.1443772