SARS-COV-2 VE COVID-19 PATOGENEZİ

Yıl 2020, , 78 - 87, 06.09.2020

Ayşe Şebnem İlhan

Öz

Aralık ayı sonlarında Çin’in Wuhan kentinden tüm dünyaya yayılan koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19), 11 Mart 2020’ de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak açıklanmıştır. Etkeni SARS-CoV-2, bilinen koronavirüslere benzese de son 20 yıl içerisinde görülen Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu (SARS) ve Orta Doğu Solunum Sendromu (MERS) ile koronavirüslerin hayvandan insana geçişle birlikte ölümcül olabildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Kuru öksürük, boğaz ağrısı, baş ağrısı, halsizlik ve ateş gibi görece hafif belirtiler ile seyredebileceği gibi özellikle ileri yaş grubu ve komorbid hastalıkları olan vakalarda akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (ARDS) ile sonuçlanabilen ağır pnömoni ve ölüme neden olabilmektedir. Üstelik hastalığın her zaman semptom veren bireylerden bulaşmadığı, asemptomatik kişilerin de hastalığın yayılmasında önemli olduğuna dikkat çekilmektedir. COVID-19, enfekte bireyle yakın temas sırasında damlacık yoluyla ve kontamine yüzeylere temas ile kolaylıkla bulaşmakta ve hızla yayılmaktadır. Henüz COVID-19 etkenine karşı kullanılabilecek kanıta dayalı, etkin ve güvenilir, spesifik bir tedavi bulunmamaktadır. Bu noktada SARS-CoV-2 ve COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun gelişiminin aydınlatılması önemlidir. Bu derlemede, COVID-19 hastalığının patogenezine ilişkin bilgiler gözden geçirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, patogenez, koronavirüs

Kaynakça

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