Motivational Programs for Children with Cancer

Abstract

Childhood cancers are common health problems, the treatment of which involves motivational programs to maintain well-being. Some of those motivational programs are mind-body techniques, storytelling, video games, camping, cognitive-behavioral approaches, and family-centered care. This review examined some motivational programs for children with cancer. They are technology- and model-based programs tailored to the needs of children with cancer aged 3 to 18 years in treatment. Children who receive motivational programs are likely to experience less anxiety, present fewer symptoms, have a higher quality of life, and cope better with problems. Nurses should play an active role in developing motivational programs and integrating them care of children with cancer.

Keywords

• Child
• Cancer
• Motivation
• Program

References

1. Ajzen, I.(1991).The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2),179-211.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
2. Akel, B.S., Sahin, S., Huri, M., & Akyüz, C. (2019). Cognitive rehabilitation is advantageous in terms of fatigue and independence in pediatric cancer treatment: a randomized-controlled study. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 42(2), 145-151. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000340
3. Amer, R.S.R.M., Hamad, M.M., & El-Sayed, R.E.S.H. (2020). The effect of applying a progressive muscle relaxation technique on nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy among leukemic children. American Journal of Nursing, 8(3), 331-343. doi: 10.12691/ajnr-8-3-3
4. Arceci, R.J. (2016). Pediatric oncology: Psychosocial care in context. In: Abrams, A.N., Muriel, A.C., & Wiener, L. (Eds). Pediatric psychosocial oncology: Textbook for multidisciplinary care (1-6). Switzerland: Springer.
5. Bailey, B. W., & McInnis, K. (2011). Energy cost of exergaming: a comparison of the energy cost of 6 forms of exergaming. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 165(7), 597-602. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.15
6. Burns, G.W. (2017). 101 Healing stories for kids and teens: using metaphors in therapy (N. Cihanşümül Maral, Trans). İstanbul: Nobel Yaşam.
7. COCA. (2017). Children's oncology camping assocation-international: annual survey of membership. Retrieved from https://www.cocai.org/2017-survey-of-camp-services
8. Corralejo, S.M., & Rodríguez, M.M.D. (2018). Technology in parenting programs: a systematic review of existing interventions. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(9), 2717-2731. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1117-1

9. Elkreem, M.A., Mohammed, A.R., & Mohammed, N.S. (2014). Effect of breathing exercise on respiratory efficiency and pain intensity among children receiving chemotherapy. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(6), 18-32.
10. El Sayed, S.A.E.N., Ibrahim, H., Mohamed, N. T., & Ahmed, M.M. (2019). Effect of story-telling on reducing the intensity of nausea and vomiting among children undergoing chemotherapy. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal, 7(17), 164-172.
11. Fazelniya, Z., Najafi, M., Moafi, A., & Talakoub, S. (2017). The impact of an interactive computer game on the quality of life of children undergoing chemotherapy. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 22(6), 431-435. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_215_15
12. Gillard, A., & Watts, C. E. (2013). Program features and developmental experiences at a camp for youth with cancer. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(5), 890-898. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.02.017
13. Haase, J. E., Kintner, E. K., Monahan, P. O., & Robb, S. L. (2014). The Resilience in Illness Model (RIM) Part 1: exploratory evaluation in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Cancer Nursing, 37(3), E1-E12. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e31828941bb
14. Harrison, T. M. (2010). Family-centered pediatric nursing care: state of the science. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 25(5), 335-343. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2009.01.006
15. Ho, L.L.K., Li, W.H.C., Cheung, A.T., Ho, E.K.Y., Lam, K.K.W., Chiu, S.Y., ... & Chung, J. O.K. (2019). Relationships among hope, psychological well-being and health-related quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. Journal of Health Psychology, 1-10.
16. Jones, J.K., Kamani, S.A., Bush, P.J., Hennessy, K.A., Marfatia, A., & Shad, A.T. (2010). Development and Evaluation of an educational interactive CD-ROM for teens with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 55, 512-519. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22608
17. Kauhanen, L., Järvelä, L., Lähteenmäki, P. M., Arola, M., Heinonen, O. J., Axelin, A., ... & Salanterä, S. (2014). Active video games to promote physical activity in children with cancer: a randomized clinical trial with follow-up. BMC Pediatrics, 14(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-14-94
18. Kaushal, B.D., Narendra, D.B., & Smitha, D. (2013). A comparative study between relaxation technique and aerobic exercise in fatigue during chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, 7(3), 140-145. doi: 10.5958/j.0973-5674.7.3.081
19. Kazdin, A.E. (2015). Technology-based interventions and reducing the burdens of mental illness: perspectives and comments on the special series. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 22(3), 359-366.
20. Keats, M. R., & Culos-Reed, S. N. (2008). A community-based physical activity program for adolescents with cancer (project TREK): program feasibility and preliminary findings. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 30(4), 272-280.
21. Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
22. Lam, K.K., Li, W.H., Chung, O.K., Ho, K.Y., Chiu, S.Y., Lam, H.S., & Chan, G.C. (2018). An integrated experiential training programme with coaching to promote physical activity, and reduce fatigue among children with cancer: A randomised controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 101(2018), 1947-1956. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.07.008
23. Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer Publisher.
24. Liptak, C.C., Chow, C., Zhou, E.S., & Recklitis, C.J. (2016). Psychosocial care for pediatric cancer survivors. In: Abrams, A.N., Muriel, A.C., Wiener, L. (Eds). Pediatric psychosocial oncology: Textbook for multidisciplinary care (265-289). Switzerland: Springer.
25. Lyon, M.E., Jacobs, S., Briggs, L., Cheng, Y.I., & Wang, J. (2014). A longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial of advance care planning for teens with cancer: Anxiety, depression, quality of life, advance directives, spirituality. J Adolesc Health, 54,710- 717. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.206
26. Lyon, M.E., Jacobs, S., Briggs, L., Cheng, Y.I., & Wang, J. (2013). Family-centered advance care planning for teens with cancer. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(5), 460-467. doi:10.1001 /jamapediatrics.2013.943
27. MacDonell, K.W., & Prinz, R.J. (2017). A review of technology-based youth and family-focused interventions. Clinical Child And Family Psychology Review, 20(2), 185-200. doi: 10.1007/s10567-016-0218-x
28. Martiniuk, A., Silva, M., Amylon, M., & Barr, R. (2014). Camp programs for children with cancer and their families: Review of research progress over the past decade. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 61(5), 778-787.doi: 10.1002/pbc.24912
29. Mehrara, M., Ghaffari, Z., Ghezelghabr, R.M., Ghavasi, F., & Fatemizadeh, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy on Pain Tolerance and Trait-State Anxiety Among Children with leukemia cancer in Isfahan City. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 5(2), 22-27.
30. Muntean, C.H., Bogusevschi, D., & Muntean, G.M. (2019). Innovative technology-based solutions for primary, secondary and tertiary stem education. Paragon Publishing.
31. Nani, S., Matsouka, O., Theodorakis, Y., & Antoniou, P. (2019). Exergames and implications on quality of life in pediatric oncology patients: A preliminary qualitative study. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 262-267. doi:10.7752/jpes.2019.s1039
32. Oztürk, C., & Ayar, D. (2014). The Practice Of Art in Pediatric Nursing. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylül Üniversity Nursing Faculty, 7(4), 315-320.
33. Piasai, K., Phumdoung, S., Wiroonpanich, W., & Chotsampancharoen, T. (2018). A randomized control trial of guided-imagination and drawing-storytelling in children with cancer. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 22(4), 386-400.
34. Robb, S.L., Burns, D.S., Stegenga, K.A., Haut, P. R., Monahan, P.O., Meza, J., ... & Haase, J.E. (2014). Randomized clinical trial of therapeutic music video intervention for resilience outcomes in adolescents/young adults undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer, 120(6), 909-917. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28355
35. Rodgers, C., Withycombe, J., and Hockenberry, M. (2016). Physical Impact of Pediatric Cancer and Its Treatment. In: Abrams, A.N., Muriel, A.C., Wiener, L. (Eds). Pediatric psychosocial oncology: Textbook for multidisciplinary care (25-50). Switzerland: Springer.
36. Sabel, M., Sjölund, A., Broeren, J., Arvidsson, D., Saury, J. M., Blomgren, K., ...& Emanuelson, I. (2016). Active video gaming improves body coordination in survivors of childhood brain tumours. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(21),2073-2084. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1116619
37. Sajjad, S., Hanan Abdullah, A., Sharif, M., & Mohsin, S. (2014). Psychotherapy through video game to target illness related problematic behaviors of children with brain tumor. Current Medical Imaging, 10(1), 62-72.
38. Speyer, E., Herbinet, A., Vuillemin, A., Briançon, S., & Chastagner, P. (2010). Effect of adapted physical activity sessions in the hospital on health‐related quality of life for children with cancer: A cross‐over randomized trial. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 55(6), 1160-1166. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22698
39. Steliarova-Foucher, E., Colombet, M., Ries, L.A., Moreno, F., Dolya, A., Bray, F., ... & Stiller, C.A. (2017). International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001–10: A population-based registry study. The Lancet Oncology, 18(6), 719-731. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9
40. Sunrise Association (2021). Sunrise day camps. Retrieved from http://www.sunrisedaycamp-longisland.org/program/about-our-camp/
41. Thygeson, M. V., Hooke, M. C., Clapsaddle, J., Robbins, A., & Moquist, K. (2010). Peaceful play yoga: serenity and balance for children with cancer and their parents. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 27(5), 276-284. doi: 10.1177/1043454210363478
42. van Dijk‐Lokkart, E. M., Braam, K. I., van Dulmen‐den Broeder, E., Kaspers, G. J., Takken, T., Grootenhuis, M. A., ... & Huisman, J. (2016). Effects of a combined physical and psychosocial intervention program for childhood cancer patients on quality of life and psychosocial functioning: results of the QLIM randomized clinical trial. Psycho‐Oncology, 25(7), 815-822. doi: 10.1002/pon.4016
43. Walsh, K. E., Biggins, C., Blasko, D., Christiansen, S. M., Fischer, S. H., Keuker, C., ... & Mazor, K. M. (2014). Home medication support for childhood cancer: family-centered design and testing. Journal of Oncology Practice, 10(6), 373-376.
44. Wiener, L. & Pao, M . (2012) . Comprehensive and family centered psychosocial care in pediatric oncology: Integration of clinical practice and research . In S. Kreitler , M.W. Ben-Arush & A. Martin(Eds), Pediatric psycho-oncology psychosocial aspects and clinical interventions (pp. 7 – 17). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
45. Wu, L. M., Chiou, S. S., Sheen, J. M., Lin, P. C., Liao, Y. M., Chen, H. M., & Hsiao, C. C. (2014). Evaluating the acceptability and efficacy of a psycho‐educational intervention for coping and symptom management by children with cancer: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(7), 1653-1662. doi: 10.1111/jan.12328
46. Wu, Y.P., Prout, K., Roberts, M. C., Parikshak, S., & Amylon, M.D. (2011). Assessing experiences of children who attended a camp for children with cancer and their siblings: A preliminary study. Child & Youth Care Forum, 40,121-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-010-9123-5
47. Yu, L., Mo, L., Tang, Y., Huang, X., & Tan, J. (2014). Effects of nursing intervention models on social adaption capability development in preschool children with malignant tumors: a randomized control trial. Psycho‐Oncology, 23(6), 708-712. doi: 10.1002/pon.3572
48. Zhang, P., Mo, L., Torres, J., & Huang, X. (2019). Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological adjustment in Chinese pediatric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A randomized trial. Medicine, 98, 27. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016319
49. Zupanec, S., Jones, H., McRae, L., Papaconstantinou, E., Weston, J., & Stremler, R. (2017). A sleep hygiene and relaxation intervention for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Cancer Nursing, 40(6), 488-496. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000457