Evaluation of the Effects and Effectiveness of Cavity Disinfectants

Abstract

Complete elimination of bacteria from a carious tooth during cavity preparation is considered as a difficult task in terms of clinical evaluation. In addition to weakening the tooth structure, attempts to completely remove largescale carious tissue with only mechanical procedures can affect the viability of the pulp. Therefore, disinfecting the cavity after preparation can help eliminate bacterial residue that may be responsible for recurrent caries, postoperative sensitivity, and restoration failure. However, the effects of cavity disinfectants on restorative treatment have been a major concern for dentists and researchers. This review aims to explore the available literature and provide information on the different materials and techniques used for cavity disinfection and to demonstrate their effectiveness in operative dentistry, and consequently to assist dentists in making clinical decisions about using cavity disinfectant during restorative procedures.

Keywords

• Cavity Disinfection
• Chlorhexidine Gluconate
• Propolis
• Ozone
• Laser

References

1. Albay, A. (2005). El antiseptiklerinde cilt koruyucu maddeler: Katkıları nelerdir? Antiseptik etkinliğinde değişiklik yapar mı? El antiseptiklerinde kombinasyonlar: Farkları Nelerdir? 4. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi, Kongre Kitabı. Editörler: Günaydın M., Saniç A., Gürler B. Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi, Ankara. 41-58.
2. Albay, A. (2005). El antiseptiklerinde cilt koruyucu maddeler: Katkıları nelerdir? Antiseptik etkinliğinde değişiklik yapar mı? El antiseptiklerinde kombinasyonlar: Farkları Nelerdir? 4. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi, Kongre Kitabı. Editörler: Günaydın M., Saniç A., Gürler B. Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi, Ankara. 41-58.
3. Almahdy, A., Koller, G., Sauro, S., Bartsch, J.W., Sherriff, M., Watson, T.F., Banerjee, A. (2012). Effects of MMP inhibitors incorporated within dental adhesives. Journal of Dental Research, 91(6), 605-611.
4. Almahdy, A., Koller, G., Sauro, S., Bartsch, J.W., Sherriff, M., Watson, T.F., Banerjee, A. (2012). Effects of MMP inhibitors incorporated within dental adhesives. Journal of Dental Research, 91(6), 605-611.
5. Al-Omari, W.M., Al-Omari, Q.D., Omar, R. (2006). Effect of cavity disinfection on postoperative sensitivity associated with amalgam restorations. Operative Dentistry, 31(2), 165-170.
6. Al-Omari, W.M., Al-Omari, Q.D., Omar, R. (2006). Effect of cavity disinfection on postoperative sensitivity associated with amalgam restorations. Operative Dentistry, 31(2), 165-170.
7. Arslan, S., Yazici, A.R., Gorucu, J., Ertan, A., Pala, K., Ustun, Y., Antonson, S.A., Antonson, D.E. (2011). Effects of different cavity disinfectants on shear bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 12(4), 279-286.
8. Arslan, S., Yazici, A.R., Gorucu, J., Ertan, A., Pala, K., Ustun, Y., Antonson, S.A., Antonson, D.E. (2011). Effects of different cavity disinfectants on shear bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 12(4), 279-286.

9. Arslan, S., Yazici, A.R., Görücü, J., Pala, K., Antonson, D.E., Antonson, S.A., Silici, S. (2012). Comparison of the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and different cavity disinfection agents on microleakage of current adhesives. Lasers in Medical Science, 27(4), 805-811.
10. Atabek, D., Oztaş, N. (2011). Effectiveness of ozone with or without the additional use of remineralizing solution on non-cavitated fissure carious lesions in permanent molars. European Journal of Dentistry. 5(4), 393-399.
11. Azarpazhooh, A., Limeback, H. (2008). The application of ozone in dentistry: A systematic review of literature. Journal of Dentistry, 36(2), 104-116.
12. Balto, H., Ghandourah, B., Al-Sulaiman, H. (2012). The efficacy of Salvadora persica extract in the elimination of intracanal smear layer: SEM study. The Saudi Dental Journal, 24(2), 71-77.
13. Balto, H., Ghandourah, B., Al-Sulaiman, H. (2012). The efficacy of Salvadora persica extract in the elimination of intracanal smear layer: SEM study. The Saudi Dental Journal, 24(2), 71-77.
14. Bin-Shuwaish, M.S. (2016). Effects and Effectiveness of Cavity Disinfectants in Operative Dentistry: A Literature Review. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 17(10), 867-879.
15. Bin-Shuwaish, M.S. (2016). Effects and Effectiveness of Cavity Disinfectants in Operative Dentistry: A Literature Review. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 17(10), 867-879.
16. Brannström, M., Nyborg, H. (1973). Cavity treatment with a microbial flüoride solution: Growth of bacteria and effect on the pulp. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry (30), 303-310.
17. Breschi, L., Cammelli, F., Visintini, E., Mazzoni, A., Vita, F., Carrilho, M., Cadenaro, M., Foulger, S., Mazzoti, G., Tay, F.R. (2009). Influence of chlorhexidine concentration on the durability of etch-and-rinse dentin bonds: a 12-month in vitro study. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 11(3), 191-198.
18. Breschi, L., Cammelli, F., Visintini, E., Mazzoni, A., Vita, F., Carrilho, M., Cadenaro, M., Foulger, S., Mazzoti, G., Tay, F.R. (2009). Influence of chlorhexidine concentration on the durability of etch-and-rinse dentin bonds: a 12-month in vitro study. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 11(3), 191-198.
19. Cadenaro, M., Delise, C., Antoniollo, F., Navarra, A.C., Di Lenarda, R., Breschi, L. (2009). Enamel and dentin bond strength following gaseous ozone application. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 11(4), 287-292.
20. Cadenaro, M., Delise, C., Antoniollo, F., Navarra, A.C., Di Lenarda, R., Breschi, L. (2009). Enamel and dentin bond strength following gaseous ozone application. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 11(4), 287-292.
21. Celik, C., Ozel, Y., Bagis, B., Erkut, S. (2010). Effect of laser irradiation and cavity disinfectant application on the microtensile bond strength of different adhesive systems. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 28(2), 267-272.
22. Cha, H.S., Shin, D.H. (2016). Antibacterial capacity of cavity disinfectants against Streptococcus mutans and their effects on shear bond strength of a self-etch adhesive. Dental Material Journal, 35(1), 147-152
23. Chan, D.C.N., Lo, W.W. (1994). Residual antimicrobial action of benzalkonium chloride containing etchant. Journal of Dental Research, 73, 226.
24. Chan, D.C.N., Lo, W.W. (1994). Residual antimicrobial action of benzalkonium chloride containing etchant. Journal of Dental Research, 73, 226.
25. Çehreli, S.B., Yalcinkaya, Z., Guven-Polat, G., Çehreli, Z.C. (2010) Effect of Ozone Pretreatment on the Microleakage of Pit and Fissure Sealants. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 35 (2), 187–190.
26. Çehreli, S.B., Yalcinkaya, Z., Guven-Polat, G., Çehreli, Z.C. (2010) Effect of Ozone Pretreatment on the Microleakage of Pit and Fissure Sealants. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 35 (2), 187–190.
27. da Silva, N.R., Calamia, C.S., Coelho, P.G., Carrilho, M.R., de Carvalho, R.M., Caufield, P. (2006). Effect of 2% Iodine Disinfecting Solution On Bond Strength To Dentin. Journal of applied oral science, 14, 399-404.
28. de Campos, E.A., Correr, G.M., Leonardi, D.P., Pizzatto, E., Morais, E.C. (2009). Influence of chlorhexidine concentration on microtensile bond strength of contemporary adhesive systems. Brazilian Oral Research, 23(3), 340-345.
29. de Campos, E.A., Correr, G.M., Leonardi, D.P., Pizzatto, E., Morais, E.C. (2009). Influence of chlorhexidine concentration on microtensile bond strength of contemporary adhesive systems. Brazilian Oral Research, 23(3), 340-345.
30. de Sousa Farias, S.S., Nemezio, M.A., Corona, S.A., Aires, C.P., Borsatto, M.C. (2016). Effects of low-level laser therapy combined with toluidine blue on polysaccharides and biofilm of Streptococcus mutans. Lasers in Medical Science, 31(5), 1011-1016.
31. de Sousa Farias, S.S., Nemezio, M.A., Corona, S.A., Aires, C.P., Borsatto, M.C. (2016). Effects of low-level laser therapy combined with toluidine blue on polysaccharides and biofilm of Streptococcus mutans. Lasers in Medical Science, 31(5), 1011-1016.
32. Di Hipólito, V., Rodrigues, F.P., Piveta, F.B., Azevedo, L., Bruschi Alonso, R.C., Silikas, N., Carvalho, R.M., De Goes, M.F., Perlatti D’Alpino, P.H. (2012). Effectiveness of self-adhesive luting cements in bonding to chlorhexidine-treated dentin. Dental Materials, 28(5), 495-501.
33. Di Hipólito, V., Rodrigues, F.P., Piveta, F.B., Azevedo, L., Bruschi Alonso, R.C., Silikas, N., Carvalho, R.M., De Goes, M.F., Perlatti D’Alpino, P.H. (2012). Effectiveness of self-adhesive luting cements in bonding to chlorhexidine-treated dentin. Dental Materials, 28(5), 495-501.
34. Dikmen, B., Gurbuz, O., Ozsoy, A., Eren, M.M., Cilingir, A., Yucel, T. (2015). Effect of different antioxidants on the microtensile bond strength of an adhesive system to sodium hypochloritetreated dentin. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 17(6), 499-504.
35. Dikmen, B., Gurbuz, O., Ozsoy, A., Eren, M.M., Cilingir, A., Yucel, T. (2015). Effect of different antioxidants on the microtensile bond strength of an adhesive system to sodium hypochloritetreated dentin. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 17(6), 499-504.
36. Duki, W., Duki, O.L., Milardovi, S. (2009). The influence of HealOzone on microleakage and fissure penetration of different sealing materials. Collegium Antropologicum, 33(1), 157-162.
37. Duki, W., Duki, O.L., Milardovi, S. (2009). The influence of HealOzone on microleakage and fissure penetration of different sealing materials. Collegium Antropologicum, 33(1), 157-162.
38. Elkassas, D.W., Fawzi, E.M., El Zohairy, A. (2014). The effect of cavity disinfectants on the microshear bond strength of dentin adhesives. European Journal of Dentistry, 8,184-190.
39. Elkassas, D.W., Fawzi, E.M., El Zohairy, A. (2014). The effect of cavity disinfectants on the microshear bond strength of dentin adhesives. European Journal of Dentistry, 8,184-190.
40. El-Latif Hesham, A, Alrumman, S.A. (2016). Antibacterial activity of miswak Salvadora persica extracts against isolated and genetically identified oral cavity pathogens. Technology and health care: official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine. 29, 24, 841-848.
41. Eralp Akca, A., Akca, G., Toksoy Topçu, F., Macit, E., Pikdöken, L., Şerif Özgen, I. (2016). The Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Propolis with Chlorhexidine against Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. BioMed Research International, 8.
42. Ercan, E., Erdemir, A., Zorba, Y.O., Eldeniz, A.U., Dalli, M., Ince, B., Kalaycioglu, B. (2009). Effect of different cavity disinfectants on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 11(5), 343-346.
43. Ercan, E., Erdemir, A., Zorba, Y.O., Eldeniz, A.U., Dalli, M., Ince, B., Kalaycioglu, B. (2009). Effect of different cavity disinfectants on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 11(5), 343-346.
44. Erganiş, O., Öztürk, A. (2003). Oral mikrobiyoloji ve immünoloji. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul, s:82.
45. Erganiş, O., Öztürk, A. (2003). Oral mikrobiyoloji ve immünoloji. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul, s:82.
46. Fardal, O., Turnbull, R.S. (1986). A review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry. Journal of American Dental Association, 112, 863-869.
47. Fardal, O., Turnbull, R.S. (1986). A review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry. Journal of American Dental Association, 112, 863-869.
48. Fawzy, A.S., Amer, M.A., El-Askary, F.S. (2008). Sodium hypochlorite as dentin pretreatment for etch-and-rinse single-bottle and two-step self-etching adhesives: Atomic force microscope and tensile bond strength evaluation. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 10, 135-144.
49. Fawzy, A.S., Amer, M.A., El-Askary, F.S. (2008). Sodium hypochlorite as dentin pretreatment for etch-and-rinse single-bottle and two-step self-etching adhesives: Atomic force microscope and tensile bond strength evaluation. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 10, 135-144.
50. Halawany, H.S. (2012). A review on miswak (Salvadora persica) and its effect on various aspects of oral health. The Saudi Dental Journal, 24(2), 63-69.
51. Halawany, H.S. (2012). A review on miswak (Salvadora persica) and its effect on various aspects of oral health. The Saudi Dental Journal, 24(2), 63-69.
52. Hiraishi, N., Yiu, C.K., King, N.M., Tay, F.R. (2009). Effect of 2% chlorhexidine on dentin microtensile bond strengths and nanoleakage of luting cements. Journal of Dentistry, 37(6), 440-448.
53. Hiraishi, N., Yiu, C.K., King, N.M., Tay, F.R. (2009). Effect of 2% chlorhexidine on dentin microtensile bond strengths and nanoleakage of luting cements. Journal of Dentistry, 37(6), 440-448.
54. Kandaswamy, D., Venkateshbabu, N., Gogulnath, D., Kindo, A.J. (2010). Dentinal tubule disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine gel, propolis, morinda citrifolia juice, 2% povidone iodine, and calcium hydroxide. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 419–423.
55. Kandaswamy, D., Venkateshbabu, N., Gogulnath, D., Kindo, A.J. (2010). Dentinal tubule disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine gel, propolis, morinda citrifolia juice, 2% povidone iodine, and calcium hydroxide. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 419–423.
56. Kapdan, A., Öztaş, N. (2015). Effects of chlorhexidine and gaseous ozone on microleakage and on the bond strength of dentin bonding agents with compomer restoration on primary teeth. Journal of Dental Science, 10(1), 46-54.
57. Kapdan, A., Öztaş, N. (2015). Effects of chlorhexidine and gaseous ozone on microleakage and on the bond strength of dentin bonding agents with compomer restoration on primary teeth. Journal of Dental Science, 10(1), 46-54.
58. Karuna M.Y., Rao Arathi, P. Anupama Nayak (2018). Cavity Disenfectants in Restorative Dentistry – Journey to Date. International Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 11, 1, 67-77.
59. Loguercio, A.D., Stanislawczuk, R., Malaquias, P., Gutierrez, M.F., Bauer, J., Reis, A. (2016). Effect of minocycline on the durability of dentin bonding produced with etch-and-rinse adhesives. Operative Dentistry, 41(5), 511-519.
60. Loguercio, A.D., Stanislawczuk, R., Malaquias, P., Gutierrez, M.F., Bauer, J., Reis, A. (2016). Effect of minocycline on the durability of dentin bonding produced with etch-and-rinse adhesives. Operative Dentistry, 41(5), 511-519.
61. Mahabala, K.Y., Shrikrishna, S.B., Natarajan, S., Nayak, A.P. (2016). Ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera and propolis as cavity disinfectants: An in vitro study. Dental Hypotheses, 7, 61-66.
62. Mahabala, K.Y., Shrikrishna, S.B., Natarajan, S., Nayak, A.P. (2016). Ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera and propolis as cavity disinfectants: An in vitro study. Dental Hypotheses, 7, 61-66.
63. Marchesi, G., Petris, L.C., Navarra, C.O., Locatelli, R., Di Lenarda, R., Breschi, L., Cadenaro, M. (2012). Effect of ozone application on the immediate shear bond strength and microleakage of dental sealants. Pediatric Dentistry, 34(4), 284-288.
64. Marchesi, G., Petris, L.C., Navarra, C.O., Locatelli, R., Di Lenarda, R., Breschi, L., Cadenaro, M. (2012). Effect of ozone application on the immediate shear bond strength and microleakage of dental sealants. Pediatric Dentistry, 34(4), 284-288.
65. Mazzoni, A., Tjäderhane, L., Checchi, V., Di Lenarda, R., Salo, T., Tay, F.R., Pashley, D.H., Breschi, L. (2015). Role of dentin MMPs in caries progression and bond stability. Journal of Dental Research, 94(2), 241-251.
66. Mazzoni, A., Tjäderhane, L., Checchi, V., Di Lenarda, R., Salo, T., Tay, F.R., Pashley, D.H., Breschi, L. (2015). Role of dentin MMPs in caries progression and bond stability. Journal of Dental Research, 94(2), 241-251.
67. McDonnell, G., Russell, A.D. (1999). Antiseptics and disinfectants: Activity, action and resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12, 147-79
68. McDonnell, G., Russell, A.D. (1999). Antiseptics and disinfectants: Activity, action and resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12, 147-79
69. Meiers, J.C., Kresin, J.C. (1996). Cavity disinfectants and dentin bonding. Operative Dentistry, 210, 153-159.
70. Meiers, J.C., Kresin, J.C. (1996). Cavity disinfectants and dentin bonding. Operative Dentistry, 210, 153-159.
71. Memarpour, M., Shafiei, F., Moradian, M. (2014). Effects of disinfectant agents on microleakage in primary tooth-colored restorations: an in vitro study. Journal of dentistry for children. 81(2), 56-62.
72. Memarpour, M., Shafiei, F., Moradian, M. (2014). Effects of disinfectant agents on microleakage in primary tooth-colored restorations: an in vitro study. Journal of dentistry for children. 81(2), 56-62.
73. Mohan, P.V., Uloopi, K.S., Vinay, C., Rao, R.C. (2016). In vivo comparison of cavity disinfection efficacy with APF gel, propolis, diode laser, and 2% chlorhexidine in primary teeth. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 7(1), 45-50.
74. Mohan, P.V., Uloopi, K.S., Vinay, C., Rao, R.C. (2016). In vivo comparison of cavity disinfection efficacy with APF gel, propolis, diode laser, and 2% chlorhexidine in primary teeth. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 7(1), 45-50.
75. Murray, P.E., Farber, R.M., Namerow, K.N., Kuttler, S., Garcia Godoy, F. (2008). Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant. Journal of Endodontics, 34(1), 66-70.
76. Murray, P.E., Farber, R.M., Namerow, K.N., Kuttler, S., Garcia Godoy, F. (2008). Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant. Journal of Endodontics, 34(1), 66-70.
77. Öznurhan, F., Buldur, B. (2015). Effects of different cavity disinfectant procedures on microtensile bond strength of permanent teeth. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 18, 170-179.
78. Öznurhan, F., Buldur, B. (2015). Effects of different cavity disinfectant procedures on microtensile bond strength of permanent teeth. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 18, 170-179.
79. Öznurhan, F., Öztürk, C., Ekci, E.S. (2015). Effects of different cavity-disinfectants and potassium titanyl phosphate laser on microtensile bond strength to primary dentin. Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 18, 400-404.
80. Öznurhan, F., Öztürk, C., Ekci, E.S. (2015). Effects of different cavity-disinfectants and potassium titanyl phosphate laser on microtensile bond strength to primary dentin. Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 18, 400-404.
81. Pashley, E.L. (1985). Cytotoxic effects of NaOCl on vital tissue. Journal of Endodontics, 11, 525-528.
82. Pashley, E.L. (1985). Cytotoxic effects of NaOCl on vital tissue. Journal of Endodontics, 11, 525-528.
83. Pattanaik, N., Chandak, M. (2013). The effect of three cavity disinfectants (chlorhexidine gluconate-based. Consepsis; benzalkonium chlorite-based, Tubulicid red; sodium hypochlorite based-Chlorcid V on the self-etch dentine bonding agent (Adeper Easy One,3M ESPE ) under SEM. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 8, 84-89.
84. Pattanaik, N., Chandak, M. (2013). The effect of three cavity disinfectants (chlorhexidine gluconate-based. Consepsis; benzalkonium chlorite-based, Tubulicid red; sodium hypochlorite based-Chlorcid V on the self-etch dentine bonding agent (Adeper Easy One,3M ESPE ) under SEM. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 8, 84-89.
85. Perdigao, J., Lopes, M., Geraldeli, S., Lopes, G.C, Garcia Godoy, F. (2000). Effect of a sodium hypochloride gel on dentin bonding. Dental Materials, 16, 311-323.
86. Perdigao, J., Lopes, M., Geraldeli, S., Lopes, G.C, Garcia Godoy, F. (2000). Effect of a sodium hypochloride gel on dentin bonding. Dental Materials, 16, 311-323.
87. Piva, E., Martos, J., Demarco, F.F. (2001). Microleakage in amalgam restorations: influence of cavity cleanser solutions and anticariogenic agents. Operative Dentistry, 26(4), 383-388.
88. Piva, E., Martos, J., Demarco, F.F. (2001). Microleakage in amalgam restorations: influence of cavity cleanser solutions and anticariogenic agents. Operative Dentistry, 26(4), 383-388.
89. Podar, R., Kulkarni, G.P., Dadu, S.S., Singh, S., Singh, S.H. (2015). In vivo antimicrobial efficacy of 6% Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, and 3% sodium hypochlorite as root canal irrigants. European Journal of Dentistry, 9(4), 529-534.
90. Podar, R., Kulkarni, G.P., Dadu, S.S., Singh, S., Singh, S.H. (2015). In vivo antimicrobial efficacy of 6% Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, and 3% sodium hypochlorite as root canal irrigants. European Journal of Dentistry, 9(4), 529-534.
91. Prabhakar, A.R., Karuna, Y.M., Yavagal, C., Deepak, B.M. (2015). Cavity disinfection in minimally invasive dentistry - comparative evaluation of Aloe vera and propolis: A randomized clinical trial. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 6(1), 24-31.
92. Prabhakar, A.R., Karuna, Y.M., Yavagal, C., Deepak, B.M. (2015). Cavity disinfection in minimally invasive dentistry - comparative evaluation of Aloe vera and propolis: A randomized clinical trial. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 6(1), 24-31.
93. Reddy, M.S., Mahesh, M.C., Bhandary, S., Pramod, J., Shetty, A., Prashanth, M.B. (2013). Evaluation of effect of different cavity disinfectants on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin using two-step self-etch and one-step self-etch bonding systems: a comparative in vitro study. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 1, 14(2), 275-280.
94. Reddy, M.S., Mahesh, M.C., Bhandary, S., Pramod, J., Shetty, A., Prashanth, M.B. (2013). Evaluation of effect of different cavity disinfectants on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin using two-step self-etch and one-step self-etch bonding systems: a comparative in vitro study. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 1, 14(2), 275-280.
95. Salama, F., Balto, H., Al-Yahya, F., Al-Mofareh, S. (2015). The effect of cavity disinfectants on microleakage of composite restorations in primary teeth. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 16(4), 295-300.
96. Salama, F., Balto, H., Al-Yahya, F., Al-Mofareh, S. (2015). The effect of cavity disinfectants on microleakage of composite restorations in primary teeth. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 16(4), 295-300.
97. Sathananthan, K., Vos, T., Bango, G.. Dental caries, fluoride levels and oral hygiene practices of school children in Matebeleland South, Zimbabwe. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 24(1), 21-24.
98. Sathananthan, K., Vos, T., Bango, G.. Dental caries, fluoride levels and oral hygiene practices of school children in Matebeleland South, Zimbabwe. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 24(1), 21-24.
99. Say, E.C., Koray, F., Tarım, B., Soyman, M., Gülmez, T. (2004). In-vitro effect of cavity disinfectants on the bond strength of dentin bonding systems. Quintessence International, 35, 56-60.
100. Say, E.C., Koray, F., Tarım, B., Soyman, M., Gülmez, T. (2004). In-vitro effect of cavity disinfectants on the bond strength of dentin bonding systems. Quintessence International, 35, 56-60.
101. Scaffa, P.M.C., Vidal, C.M.P., Barros, N., Gesteira, T.F., Carmona, A.K., Breschi, L., Pashley, D.H., Tjäderhane, L., Tersariol, I.L.S., Nascimento, F.D., Carrilho, M.R. (2012). Chlorhexidine inhibits the activity of dental cysteine cathepsins. Journal of Dental Research, 91(4), 420-425.
102. Scaffa, P.M.C., Vidal, C.M.P., Barros, N., Gesteira, T.F., Carmona, A.K., Breschi, L., Pashley, D.H., Tjäderhane, L., Tersariol, I.L.S., Nascimento, F.D., Carrilho, M.R. (2012). Chlorhexidine inhibits the activity of dental cysteine cathepsins. Journal of Dental Research, 91(4), 420-425.
103. Schmidlin, P.R., Zimmermann, J., Bindl, A. (2005). Effect of ozone on enamel and dentin bond strength. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 7(1), 29-32.
104. Schmidlin, P.R., Zimmermann, J., Bindl, A. (2005). Effect of ozone on enamel and dentin bond strength. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 7(1), 29-32.
105. Shafiei, F., Memarpour, M. (2012). Antibacterial activity in adhesive dentistry: a literature review. General Dentistry, 60(6), 346-356.
106. Shafiei, F., Memarpour, M. (2012). Antibacterial activity in adhesive dentistry: a literature review. General Dentistry, 60(6), 346-356.
107. Sharma, V., Rampal, P., Kumar, S. (2011). Shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin after application of cavity disinfectants – SEM study. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2(3), 155-159.
108. Sharma, V., Rampal, P., Kumar, S. (2011). Shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin after application of cavity disinfectants – SEM study. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2(3), 155-159.
109. Singla, M., Aggarwal, V., Kumar, N. (2011). Effect of chlorhexidine cavity disinfection on microleakage in cavities restored with composite using a self-etching single bottle adhesive. Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 14(4), 374-377.
110. Singla, M., Aggarwal, V., Kumar, N. (2011). Effect of chlorhexidine cavity disinfection on microleakage in cavities restored with composite using a self-etching single bottle adhesive. Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 14(4), 374-377.
111. Sinha, D. J., Jandial, U. A., Jaiswal, N., Singh, U. P., Goel, S., & Singh, O. (2018). Comparative evaluation of the effect of different disinfecting agents on bond strength of composite resin to dentin using two-step self-etch and etch and rinse bonding systems: An in-vitro study. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 21(4), 424–427.
112. Sofrata, A.H., Claesson, R.L., Lingström, P.K., Gustafsson, A.K. (2008). Strong antibacterial effect of miswak against oral microorganisms associated with periodontitis and caries. Journal of Periodontology, 79(8), 1474-1479.
113. Sofrata, A.H., Claesson, R.L., Lingström, P.K., Gustafsson, A.K. (2008). Strong antibacterial effect of miswak against oral microorganisms associated with periodontitis and caries. Journal of Periodontology, 79(8), 1474-1479.
114. Takeda, F.H., Harashima, T., Kimura, Y., Matsumoto, K. (1999). A comparative study of the removal of smear layer by three endodontic irrigants and two types of laser. International Endodontic Journal, 32(1), 32-39.
115. Takeda, F.H., Harashima, T., Kimura, Y., Matsumoto, K. (1999). A comparative study of the removal of smear layer by three endodontic irrigants and two types of laser. International Endodontic Journal, 32(1), 32-39.
116. Tazegül, S., Koçak, M.M., Topuz, Ö., Özcan, S., Altun, A., Erten, H. (2006). Üç Farklı Solüsyonun Streptococcus mutans ve Enterococcus faecalis Üzerine Antimikrobiyal Etkinliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, 153-158.
117. Turkun, M., Ozata, F., Uzer, E., Ates, M. (2005). Antimicrobial substantivity of cavity disinfectants. General Dentistry, 53(3), 182-186.
118. Turkun, M., Ozata, F., Uzer, E., Ates, M. (2005). Antimicrobial substantivity of cavity disinfectants. General Dentistry, 53(3), 182-186.
119. Türkün, M., Kaya, A.D. (2003). Kavite dezenfektanlarının dentin üzerindeki renklendirici etkisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 30, 215-222.
120. Türkün, M., Türkün, L.S., Ateş, M. (2004). Antibacterial activity of cavity disinfectants. Balkan Journal of Stomatology, 8, 214-219.
121. Türkün, M., Türkün, L.S., Ateş, M. (2003). Antibacterial activity of a self-etching adhesive system containing, “MDPD". Journal of Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, 20, 41-46.
122. Tüzüner, T., Ulusoy, A.T., Baygin, O., Yahyaoglu, G., Yalcin, I., Buruk, K. (2013). Direct and transdentinal (indirect) antibacterial activity of commercially available dental gel formulations against Streptococcus mutans. Medical principles and practice. 22, 397-401.
123. Tüzüner, T., Ulusoy, A.T., Baygin, O., Yahyaoglu, G., Yalcin, I., Buruk, K. (2013). Direct and transdentinal (indirect) antibacterial activity of commercially available dental gel formulations against Streptococcus mutans. Medical principles and practice. 22, 397-401.
124. Uygun, G. (2007). Diş Hekimliğinde El Hijyeni ve Lateks Allerjisi. 5. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi, 648-661.
125. Wang, M.Y., West, B.J., Jensen, C.J., Nowicki, D., Su, C., Palu, A.K., Anderson, G. (2002). Morinda citrifolia (Noni): a literature review and recent advances in Noni research. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 23(12), 1127-1141.
126. Wang, M.Y., West, B.J., Jensen, C.J., Nowicki, D., Su, C., Palu, A.K., Anderson, G. (2002). Morinda citrifolia (Noni): a literature review and recent advances in Noni research. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 23(12), 1127-1141.
127. Zheng, P., Zaruba, M., Attin, T., Wiegand, A. (2015). Effect of different matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on microtensile bond strength of an etch-and-rinse and a self-etching adhesive to dentin. Operative Dentistry, 40(1), 80-86.
128. Zheng, P., Zaruba, M., Attin, T., Wiegand, A. (2015). Effect of different matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on microtensile bond strength of an etch-and-rinse and a self-etching adhesive to dentin. Operative Dentistry, 40(1), 80-86.